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Densification kinetics, phase assemblage and hardness of spark plasma sintered Cu–10 wt% TiB2 and Cu–10 wt% TiB2–10 wt% Pb composites

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Abstract

The present work demonstrates the synthesis of Cu–10 wt% TiB2 composites with a theoretical density of more than 90% by tailoring the spark plasma sintering (SPS) conditions in the temperature range of 400–700 °C. Interestingly, 10 wt% Pb addition to Cu–10 wt% TiB2 lowers the sinter density and the difference in the densification behavior of the investigated compositions was discussed in reference to the current profile recorded during a SPS cycle. The sintering kinetics and phase assemblage were also discussed in reference to surface melting of the constituents prior to bulk melting temperature, temperature dependent wettability of Pb on Cu, diffusion kinetics of Cu as well as the formation of various oxides. An important result is that a high hardness of around 2 GPa and relative density close to 92% ρtheoretical was achieved for the Cu–10 wt% TiB2–10 wt% Pb composite, and such a combination has never been achieved before using any conventional processing route.

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TABLE I.
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Acknowledgments

The use of SPS facility at IIT Kanpur, procured with partial funding from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India as well as CARE funding from IIT Kanpur, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to acknowledge the help rendered by Mr. C.S. Tiwary in obtaining EPMA results and Drs. Ubhi Singh and Ritwik Basu for EBSD analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Amit S. Sharma, Nisha Mishra & Krishanu Biswas

  2. Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India

    Bikramjit Basu

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  1. Amit S. Sharma
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  2. Nisha Mishra
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Correspondence to Bikramjit Basu.

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Sharma, A.S., Mishra, N., Biswas, K. et al. Densification kinetics, phase assemblage and hardness of spark plasma sintered Cu–10 wt% TiB2 and Cu–10 wt% TiB2–10 wt% Pb composites. Journal of Materials Research 28, 1517–1528 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2013.119

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