Abstract
A new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials has been prepared by incorporating polystyrene structure units covalently into the SiO2 glass network via the sol-gel approach. The polymer precursors were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of styrene with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MSMA) at various feeds. These copolymers were then hydrolyzed and co-condensed with tetraethyl orthosilicate in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature to afford monolithic polystyrene-SiO2 hybrid sol-gel materials having SiO2 contents of 15 to 84% by weight. The hybrid materials derived from the copolymers with MSMA contents greater than 22 mol% have excellent optical transparency. In these transparent hybrid materials, the polymer chains should be uniformly distributed in and covalently bonded to the amorphous SiO2 matrices. The bulk properties of these materials including density, refractive index, and hardness were found to be related to their molecular compositions and can be tailored by varying the polymer contents.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
For reviews, see C. J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer Sol-Gel Science, the Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990); D. R. Ulrich J. Non-Cryst. Solids 121, 465 (1990); J. Wenzel J. Non-Cryst. Solids 73, 693 (1985).
Recent reviews include G. L. Wilkes H. Huang and R. H. Glaser in Silicon-Based Polymer Science (Advances in Chemistry Series 224), edited by J. M. Ziegler and F. W. Fearon (Am. Chem. Soc Washington, DC, 1990), pp. 207-226; H. Schmidt B. Sieferling G. Philipp and K. Deichmann in Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Ceramics, edited by J.D. Mackenzie and D.R. Ulrich (John Wiley, New York, 1988), p. 651; H. Schmidt J. Non-Cryst. Solids 112, 419 (1989); R. Dagani Chem. Eng. News 69 (21), 30 (1991).
P. Calvert Nature 353, 501 (1991).
D. Levy S. Einhorn and D. Avnir J. Non-Cryst. Solids 113, 137 (1989); J.D. Mackenzie J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 162 (1988); J. Lipowitz Ceram. Bull. 70, 1888 (1991).
G. L. Wilkes B. Orler and H. Huang Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc, Div. Polym. Chem.) 26, 300 (1985); H. Huang B. Orler and G. L. Wilkes Polym. Bull. 14, 557 (1985); H. Huang B. Orler and G. L. Wilkes Macromolecules 20, 1322 (1987); C.S. Parkhurst W.F. Doyle L.A. Silverman S. Singh M.P. Andersen D. McClurg G.E. Wnek and D.R. Uhlmann in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry II, edited by C. J. Brinker D. E. Clark and D. R. Ulrich(Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 73, Pittsburgh, PA, 1986), p. 769; J.E. Mark C.Y. Jiang and M.Y. Tang Macromolecules 17, 2613 (1984); M.Y. Tang and J.E. Mark ibid. 17, 2616 (1984); J.E. Mark Y.P. Ning M.Y. Tang and W.C. Roth Polymer 26, 2069 (1985); S.B. Wang and J.E. Mark Macromol. Rep. A28, 185 (1991); Y. Haruvy and S.E. Webber Chem. Mater. 3, 501 (1991).
H. Huang and G.L. Wilkes Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc Div. Polym. Chem. ) 28, 244 (1987); R.H. Glaser and G.L. Wilkes Polym. Bull. 19, 51 (1988).
B. Wang G.L. Wilkes J.C. Hedrick S.C. Liptak and J.E. McGrath, Macromolecules 24, 3449 (1991); A. Morikawa Y. Iyoku M. Kakimoto and Y. Imai Polym. J. 24, 107 (1992).
P. Xu S. H. Wang and J. E. Mark in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry IV, edited by B. J. J. Zelinski C. J. Brinker D. E. Clark and D. R. Ulrich (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 180, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990), p. 445.
E. J. A. Pope M. Asami and J. D. Mackenzie J. Mater. Res. 4, 1018 (1989).
B. M. Novak and C. Davies Macromolecules 24, 5481 (1991).
Y. Wei R. Bakthavatchalam and C.K. Whitecar Chem. Mater. 2, 1 (1990).
Y. Wei R. Bakthavatchalam D.C. Yang and C.K. Whitecar Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc Div. Polym. Chem. ) 32, 503 (1991).
Y. Wei D.C. Yang and R. Bakthavatchalam Mater. Lett. 13, 261 (1992).
K.A. Mauritz J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 40, 1401 (1990).
Y. Chujo E. Ihara H. Ihara and T. Saegusa Macromolecules 22, 2040 (1989); Y. Chujo E. Ihara S. Kure K. Suzuki and T. Saegusa Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc Div. Polym. Chem.) 31, 59 (1990).
Polymer Handbook, edited by I. Brandrup and E. H. Immergut (John Wiley, New York, 1989), p. V-79 and p. V–82.
H. Schulze Glass—Nature, Structure and Properties, translated by M.J. Lakin (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991), p. 220.
V.L. Rao and G.N. Babu Eur. Polym. J. 25, 605 (1989).
V.L. Rao M.C. Eshwar and G.N. Babu J. Macromol. Sci.–Chem. A23, 1079 (1986).
R. C. Mehrotra and P. Bajaj J. Organometal. Chem. 22, 41 (1970). 21.
G. Odian Principles of Polymerization, 3rd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1991), p. 452 and p. 108.
F. A. Bovey High Resolution NMR of Macromolecules (Academic Press, New York, 1972), Chap. 3; W. Klopffer Introduction to Polymer Spectroscopy (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984), pp. 145-157.
R. M. Silverstein G. C. Bassler and T. C. Morrill Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 5th ed. (John Wiley, New York, 1981), p. 95.
C.J. Brinker J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 31 (1988).
I. A. David and G. W. Scherer Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc Div. Polym. Chem. ) 32 (3), 530 (1991).
G.W. Scherer J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 77 (1988).
T. Kawaguchi H. Hishikura J. Iura and Y. Kokubu J. Non-Cryst. Solids 63, 61 (1984).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wei, Y., Yang, D., Tang, L. et al. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of new polystyrene-SiO2 hybrid sol-gel materials. Journal of Materials Research 8, 1143–1152 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1993.1143
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1993.1143