Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On the valence electron theory to estimate the transformation temperatures of Cu–Al-based shape memory alloys

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A systematic analysis of the correlation between the valence electrons and the transformation temperatures of Ti–Ni-based shape memory alloys has been carried out by Zarinjad and Liu. They have shown that the valence electron theory can be successfully applied to estimate these temperatures, although the mechanisms of the temperature shift during alloying remains not completely understood. Other important shape memory alloy systems with technological importance are the Cu–Al based, which deserve a thorough analysis concerning the composition influence on the transformation temperatures and the valence electron theory. In this paper, the valence electron concentration, valence electron density (VED), enthalpy of reaction, and crystallographic compatibility were analyzed to understand the mechanisms, which control the transformation temperatures of Cu–Al-based alloys. It was observed that the larger the VED, the more energy is used in the transformation. The same tendency is present when the crystallographic compatibility is smaller. These results show that the valence electron theory based on the VED plays an important role in the prediction of the temperature transformation and the energies involved in the reaction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

FIG. 1.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4.
FIG. 5.
FIG. 6.
FIG. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K. Otsuka and X. Ren: Recent developments in the research of shape memory alloys. Intermetallics 7, 511 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Otsuka and C.M. Wayman: Shape Memory Materials (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  3. E.M. Mazzer, C.S. Kiminami, C. Bolfarini, R.D. Cava, W.J. Botta, P. Gargarella, F. Audebert, and M. Galano: Phase transformation and shape memory effect of a Cu–Al–Ni–Mn–Nb high temperature shape memory alloy. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 663, 64 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. E.M. Mazzer, C.S. Kiminami, C. Bolfarini, R.D. Cava, W.J. Botta, and P. Gargarella: Thermodynamic analysis of the effect of annealing on the thermal stability of a Cu–Al–Ni–Mn shape memory alloy. Thermochim. Acta 608, 1 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Otsuka and X. Ren: Physical metallurgy of Ti–Ni-based shape memory alloys. Prog. Mater. Sci. 50(5), 511 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Zarinejad and Y. Liu: Dependence of transformation temperatures of NiTi-based shape-memory alloys on the number and concentration of valence electrons. Adv. Funct. Mater. 18(18), 2789 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Zarinejad and Y. Liu: Dependence of transformation temperatures of shape memory alloys on the number and concentration of valence electrons. In Shape Memory Alloys: Manufacture, Properties and Applications, H.R. Chen, ed. (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2010); p. 339.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W.D. Callister: Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 7th ed. (Wiley, New York, 2007).

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. Frenzel, E.P. George, A. Dlouhy, C. Somsen, M.F.X. Wagner, and G. Eggeler: Influence of Ni on martensitic phase transformations in NiTi shape memory alloys. Acta Mater. 58(9), 3444 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. X. Ren and K. Otsuka: Why does the martensitic transformation temperature strongly depend on composition?Mater. Sci. Forum 327, 429 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. X. Ren, N. Miura, J. Zhang, K. Otsuka, K. Tanaka, M. Koiwa, T. Suzuki, Yu.I. Chumlyakov, and M. Asai: A comparative study of elastic constants of Ti–Ni-based alloys prior to martensitic transformation. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A A306, 196 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J.J. Gilman: Electronic Basis of the Strength of Materials (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 2008); pp. 116–120.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J.J. Gilman, R.W. Cumberland, and R.B. Kaner: Design of hard crystals. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 24(1–2), 1 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. V. Recarte, R.B. Pérez-Sáez, E.H. Bocanegra, M.L. Nó, and J. San-Juan: Dependence of the martensitic transformation characteristics on concentration in Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 273, 380 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. K.F. Hane and T.W. Shield: Microstructure in the cubic to monoclinic transition in titanium–nickel shape memory alloys. Acta Mater. 47, 2603 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. R.D. James and K.F. Hane: Martensitic transformations ans shape memory materials. Acta Mater. 48, 197 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Cui, Y.S. Chu, O.O. Famodu, Y. Furuya, J. Hattrick-Simpers, R.D. James, A. Ludwig, S. Thienhaus, M. Wuttig, Z. Zhang, and I. Takeuchi: Combinatorial search of thermoelastic shape-memory alloys with extremely small hysteresis width. Nat. Mater. 5(4), 286 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Frenzel, A. Wieczorek, I. Opahle, B. Maaß, R. Drautz, and G. Eggeler: On the effect of alloy composition on martensite start temperatures and latent heats in Ni–Ti-based shape memory alloys. Acta Mater. 90, 213 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C.L. Lewis, G.P. Jackson, S.K. Doorn, V. Majidi, F.L. King, and A. Giwa: Spectral, spatial and temporal characterization of a millisecond pulsed glow discharge: Copper analyte emission and ionization. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 56, 487 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Kato, Y. Yasuda, and K. Sasaki: Thermodynamic assessment of the stabilization effect in deformed shape memory alloy martensite. Acta Mater. 59(10), 3955 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. V. Recarte, R.B. Pérez-Sáez, E.H. Bocanegra, M.L. Nó, and J. San-Juan: Influence of Al and Ni concentration on the Martensitic transformation in Cu–Al–Ni shape-memory alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33, 2581 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. V. Recarte, J.I. Pérez-Landazábal, P.P. Rodríguez, E.H. Bocanegra, M.L. Nó, and J. San Juan: Thermodynamics of thermally induced martensitic transformations in Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys. Acta Mater. 52(13), 3941 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S.N. Saud, E. Hamzah, T. Abubakar, H.R. Bakhsheshi-Rad, M. Zamri, and M. Tanemura: Effects of Mn additions on the structure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23(10), 3620 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S.N. Saud, E. Hamzah, T. Abubakar, M. Zamri, and M. Tanemura: Influence of Ti additions on the martensitic phase transformation and mechanical properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 118(1), 111 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S.N. Saud, T.A. Abu Bakar, E. Hamzah, M.K. Ibrahim, and A. Bahador: Effect of quarterly element addition of cobalt on phase transformation characteristics of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46(8), 3528 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Dasgupta: A look into Cu-based shape memory alloys: Present scenario and future prospects. J. Mater. Res. 29(16), 1681 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K. Yildiz and M. Kok: Study of martensite transformation and microstructural evolution of Cu–Al–Ni–Fe shape memory alloys. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 115(2), 1509 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. G. Lojen, M. Gojić, and I. Anžel: Continuously cast Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy—Properties in as-cast condition. J. Alloys Compd. 580, 497 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Yang, Y. Su, C. Wang, and X. Liu: Microstructure and properties of Cu–Al–Fe high-temperature shape memory alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 185, 67 (2014).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful for the financial support granted by CNPq (202071/2014-6).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Eric Marchezini Mazzer, Piter Gargarella, Claudio Shyinti Kiminami, Claudemiro Bolfarini & Regis Daniel Cava

  2. Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK

    Eric Marchezini Mazzer & Marina Galano

  3. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil

    Eric Marchezini Mazzer

Authors
  1. Eric Marchezini Mazzer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Piter Gargarella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Claudio Shyinti Kiminami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Claudemiro Bolfarini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Regis Daniel Cava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Marina Galano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric Marchezini Mazzer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mazzer, E.M., Gargarella, P., Kiminami, C.S. et al. On the valence electron theory to estimate the transformation temperatures of Cu–Al-based shape memory alloys. Journal of Materials Research 32, 3165–3174 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.246

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.246

Search

Navigation