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3D printing of poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite composite constructs for bone tissue engineering

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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a promising method for bone tissue engineering applications. For enhanced bone regeneration, it is important to have printable ink materials with appealing properties such as construct interconnectivity, mechanical strength, controlled degradation rates, and the presence of bioactive materials. In this respect, we develop a composite ink composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and hydroxyapatite particles (HAps) and 3D print it into porous constructs. In vitro study revealed that composite constructs had higher mechanical properties, surface roughness, quicker degradation profile, and cellular behaviors compared to PCL counterparts. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that 3D-printed composite constructs had a positive influence on bone regeneration due to the presence of newly formed mineralized bone tissue and blood vessel formation. Therefore, 3D printable ink made of PCL/PLGA/HAp can be a highly useful material for 3D printing of bone tissue constructs.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation Award No. 1600118 and Osteology Foundation Award No. 15-042. The authors are thankful to Dr. Wu Yang for his assistance with the histology study. Dr. Veli Ozbolat acknowledges the support from the International Postdoctoral Research Scholarship Program (BIDEP 2219) of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). The authors are also thankful to Materials Research Institute at the Pennsylvania State University in supporting the X-ray scattering experiment. The authors also thank Dr. Abhishek Shetty from Anton-Paar USA, Inc. for his assistance with the rheology experiments. The authors confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Kazim K. Moncal, Dong N. Heo, Veli Ozbolat, Scott M. Tucker, Gregory S. Lewis & Ibrahim T. Ozbolat

  2. Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Kazim K. Moncal, Dong N. Heo, Kevin P. Godzik, Donna M. Sosnoski, Veli Ozbolat, Ethan M. Gerhard, Madhuri Dey & Jian Yang

  3. Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Kevin P. Godzik, Ethan M. Gerhard & Jian Yang

  4. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Donna M. Sosnoski

  5. Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA

    Oliver D. Mrowczynski & Elias Rizk

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey

    Veli Ozbolat

  7. Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA

    Scott M. Tucker & Gregory S. Lewis

  8. Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Madhuri Dey

  9. Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Ibrahim T. Ozbolat

  10. Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Ibrahim T. Ozbolat

  11. Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Ibrahim T. Ozbolat

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  1. Kazim K. Moncal
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  2. Dong N. Heo
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Moncal, K.K., Heo, D.N., Godzik, K.P. et al. 3D printing of poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite composite constructs for bone tissue engineering. Journal of Materials Research 33, 1972–1986 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.111

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