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Three-dimensional lithography by elasto-capillary engineering of filamentary materials

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Abstract

Surface textures with three-dimensional (3D) architectures demonstrate the ability to control interfacial, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Potential applications range from device-scale biomolecule sensing to meter-scale optical or nonwetting coatings. In recent years, capillary forming has become a versatile and scalable approach to creating complex geometries at the nano- and micron scales. Surface tension of a liquid can deform straight pillars and assemble them into 3D architectures with predetermined orientation, where short-range adhesion forces stabilize the final forms. A variety of techniques have been demonstrated for carbon nanotubes and polymer filamentary materials to fabricate useful devices and textures. We discuss these materials and processes as well as the underlying elasto-capillary physics. We indicate the need for new simulation tools to design and engineer elasto-capillary transformations and methods to increase their throughput toward scalable manufacturing.

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Acknowledgments

S.T. acknowledges funding by the Mechanical Science and Engineering Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. J.B. acknowledges partial funding by the IAP 7/38 MICROMAST program initiated by BELSPO.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, USA

    Sameh H. Tawfick

  2. Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, France

    José Bico

  3. Hewlett Packard Enterprise, USA

    Steven Barcelo

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  1. Sameh H. Tawfick
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Correspondence to Sameh H. Tawfick.

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Tawfick, S.H., Bico, J. & Barcelo, S. Three-dimensional lithography by elasto-capillary engineering of filamentary materials. MRS Bulletin 41, 108–114 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.4

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