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Quantitative Evaluation of Allelopathic Potentials in Soils: Total Activity Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Syuntaro Hiradate ,
Kenji Ohse ,
Akihiro Furubayashi  and
Yoshiharu Fujii
Syuntaro Hiradate*
Affiliation:
Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
Kenji Ohse
Affiliation:
Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
Akihiro Furubayashi
Affiliation:
Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
Yoshiharu Fujii
Affiliation:
Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hiradate@affrc.go.jp
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Abstract

The allelopathic potential of a plant has been evaluated on the basis of two indicators: specific activity, which is the specific concentration of the allelochemical to exert a half-maximum effect on a receiver plant (EC50), and total activity in a plant, which is the ratio of the concentration of an allelochemical in the producing plant to its EC50. In the present study, a new indicator, total activity in a soil, which takes into account the effects of a soil on the allelopathy activity, is proposed because allelopathic activity is affected by the presence of soils. The total activity in a soil was calculated by multiplying the “total activity in a plant” with a “soil factor.” In this calculation, we assumed simplified cases for comparison, such that the allelopathic plant materials are evenly incorporated in the soils and the allelochemicals are released from the plant materials to the soils at a constant rate. We conducted bioassay experiments in the presence and absence of soils and cited some published data to calculate the specific activities and total activities in a plant and in a soil. The results indicated that the allelopathies of buckwheat caused by (+)-catechin, Leucaena leucocephala by L-mimosine, Xanthium occidentale by trans-cinnamic acid, and Brassica parachinensis by cis-cinnamic acid were not significant in a volcanic ash soil, an alluvial soil, and a calcareous soil, but the allelopathy of sweet vernalgrass caused by coumarin and Spiraea thunbergii by cis-cinnamoyl glucosides was highly effective in those soils. The allelopathies of Juglans species caused by juglone plus juglone precursors and Mucuna pruriens by L-DOPA would depend highly on the soil types. Although some limitations exist for this approach, the total activity approach would allow for a better quantitative estimation of the allelopathic potential of plant materials in soils.

Keywords

Brassica parachinensis BaileyJuglans speciesLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de WitMucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilisSpiraea thunbergii Sieb. ex BlumeXanthium occidentale Bertolbuckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moenchsweet vernalgrass, Anthoxanthum odoratum L. AOXODL-DOPA, 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanineAllelochemicalsEC50specific activityLactuca sativa LlettucejugloneL-mimosinecoumarin
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 58 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 258 - 264
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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