Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A study on durability properties of high-performance concretes incorporating high replacement levels of slag

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental study of combined effects of curing method and high replacement levels of blast furnace slag on the mechanical and durability properties of high performance concrete. Two different curing methods were simulated as follows: wet cured (in water) and air cured (at 20°C and 65% RH). The concretes with slag were produced by partial substitution of cement with slag at varying amounts of 50–80%. The water to cementitious material ratio was maintained at 0.40 for all mixes. Properties that include compressive and splitting tensile strengths, water absorption by total immersion and by capillary rise, chloride penetration, and resistance of concrete against damage due to corrosion of the embedded reinforcement were measured at different ages up to 90 days. It was found that the incorporation of slag at 50% and above-replacement levels caused a reduction in strength, especially for the early age of air cured specimens. However, the strength increases with the presence of slag up to 60% replacement for the 90 day wet cured specimens. Test results also indicated that curing condition and replacement level had significant effects on the durability characteristics; in particular the most prominent effects were observed on slag blended cement concrete, which performed extremely well when the amount of slag used in the mixture increased up to 80%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Badogiannis E, Papadakis VG, Chaniotakis E, Tsivilis S (2004) Exploitation of poor Greek kaolins: strength development of metakaolin concrete and evaluation by means of k-value. Cem Concr Res 34:1035–1041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ramezanianpour AA, Malhotra VM (1995) Effect of curing on the compressive strength, resistance to chloride ion penetration and porosity of concretes incorporating slag, fly ash, or silica fume. Cem Concr Compos 17:125–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Babu KG, Kumar VSR (2000) Efficiency of GGBS in concrete. Cem Concr Res 30:1031–1036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pal SC, Mukherjee A, Pathak SR (2003) Investigation of hydraulic activity of ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete. Cem Concr Res 33:1481–1486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Itoh H (2004) Rapid discrimination of the character of the water-cooled blast furnace slag used for Portland slag cement. J Mater Sci 39:2191–2193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mill KC, Courtney L, Fox AB, Harris B. Idoyaga Z, Richardson MJ (2002) The use of thermal analysis in the determination of the crystalline fraction of slag films. Thermochim Acta 391:175–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gao JM, Qian CX, Liu HF, Wang B, Li L (2005) ITZ microstructure of concrete containing GGBS. Cem Concr Res 35:1299–1304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ozyildirim C (1994) Investigation of low-permeability concretes containing slag and silica fume. ACI Mater J 91(2):197–202

    Google Scholar 

  9. Afrani I, Rogers C (1994) The effects of different cementing materials and curing on concrete scaling. Cem Concr Aggr 16(2):132–139

    Google Scholar 

  10. Parrott LJ (1996) Some effects of cement and curing upon carbonation and reinforcement corrosion in concrete. Mater Struct 29(187):164–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wainwright PJ, Aitaider H (1995) The influence of cement source and slag additions on the bleeding of concrete. Cem Concr Res 25(7):1445–1456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lumley JS, Gollop RS, Moir GK, Taylor HFW (1996) Degrees of reaction of the slag in some blends with Portland cements. Cem Concr Res 26:139–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Alshamsi AM (1997) Microsilica and ground granulated blast furnace slag effects on hydration temperature. Cem Concr Res 27(12):1851–1859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Dehghanian C, Arjemandi M (1997) Influence of slag blended cement concrete on chloride diffusion rate. Cem Concr Res 27(6):937–945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Jau WC, Tsay DS (1998) A study of the basic engineering properties of slag cement concrete and its resistance to seawater corrosion. Cem Concr Res 28(10):1363–1371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Erdogdu K, Tokyay M, Turker P (1999) Comparison of intergrinding and separate grinding for the production of natural pozzolan and GBFS-incorporated blended cements. Cement Concr Res 29(5):743–746

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gu P, Beaudoin JJ, Zhang MH, Malhotra VM (2000) Performance of reinforcing steel in concrete containing silica fume and blast-furnace slag ponded with sodium chloride solution. ACI Mater J 97(3):254–262

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wainwright PJ, Rey N (2000) The influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) additions and time delay on the bleeding of concrete. Cem Concr Comp 22:253–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hooton RD (2000) Canadian use of ground granulated blast-furnace slag as a supplementary cementing material for enhanced performance of concrete. Can J Civil Eng 27(4):754–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Li Z, Ding Z (2003) Property improvement of portland cement by incorporating with metakaolin and slag. Cem Concr Res 33:579–584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chang PK, Hou WM (2003) A study on the hydration properties of high performance slag concrete analyzed by SRA. Cem Concr Res 33:183–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Li G, Zhao X (2003) Properties of concrete incorporating fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag. Cem Concr Comp 25:293–299

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Sobolev K, Yeginobali A (2005) The development of high-strength mortars with improved thermal and acid resistance. Cem Concr Res 35(3):578–583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Muralidharan S, Vedalakshmi R, Saraswathi V, Joseph J, Palaniswamy N (2005) Studies on the aspects of chloride ion determination in different types of concrete under macro-cell corrosion conditions. Build Environ 40:1275–1281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hill N, Sharp JH (2002) The mineralogy and microstructure of three composite cements with high replacement levels. Cem Concr Comp 24:191–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Miura T, Iwaki I (2000) Strength development of concrete incorporating high levels of ground granulated blast-furnace slag at low temperatures. ACI Mater J 97(1):66–70

    Google Scholar 

  27. Demirboğa R, Türkmen İ, Karakoç MB (2004) Relationship between ultrasonic velocity and compressive strength for high-volume mineral-admixtured concrete. Cem Concr Res 34:2329–2336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hooton RD, Emery JJ (1990) Sulfate resistance of a Canadian slag cement. ACI Mater J 87(6):547–555

    Google Scholar 

  29. Algahtani AS, Rasheeduzzafar, Alsaadoun SS (1994) Rebar corrosion and sulfate resistance of blast-furnace slag cement. J Mater Civ Eng 6(2):223–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Almussalam AA, Maslehuddin M, Abdul-Waris M, Dakhil FH, Al-Amoudi OSB (1999) Plastic shrinkage cracking of blended cement concretes in hot environments. Mag Concr Res 51(4):241–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. ASTM C642–97, Test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Vol. 04.02, October 2006

  32. ASTM C1202–05, Test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Vol. 04.02, October 2006

  33. Al-Tayyib AJ, Al-Zahrani MM (1990) Corrosion of steel reinforcement in polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete structure. ACI Mater J 87(2):108–113

    Google Scholar 

  34. Detwiler RJ, Kjellsen KO, Gjorv OE (1991) Resistance to chloride intrusion of concrete cured at different temperature. ACI Mater J 88(1):19–24

    Google Scholar 

  35. Shaker FA, El-Dieb AS, Reda MM (1997) Durability of styrene butadiene latex modified concrete. Cem Concr Res 27(5):711–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Okba SH, El-Dieb AS, Reda MM (1997) Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of latex modified concrete (LMC). Cem and Concr Res 27(6):861–868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Al-Zahani MM, Al-Dulaijan SU, Ibrahim M, Saricimen H, Sharif FM (2002) Effect of waterproofing coating on steel reinforcement corrosion and physical properties of concrete. Cem Concr Comp 24:127–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Güneyisi E, Özturan T, Gesoğlu M (2005) A study on reinforcement corrosion and related properties of plain and blended cement concretes under different curing conditions. Cem Concr Comp 27(4):449–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hogan FJ, Meusel JW (1981) Evaluation for durability and strength development of a ground granulated blast furnace slag. Cem Concr Aggr 3(1):40–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Roy DM, Idorn GM (1982) Hydration, structure, and properties of blast furnace slag cement, mortars, and concrete. J Am Concr Inst 79:444–457

    Google Scholar 

  41. Taşdemir MA, Taşdemir C, Özberk E, Altay B (1997) Fineness effect of GGBS on the properties and microstructure of concrete. In: Proceedingsof the 1st International Symposium on Mineral Admixtures in Cement, Istanbul, Turkey, pp 198–215

  42. Khatip JM, Hibbert JJ (2005) Selected engineering properties of concrete incorporating slag and metakaolin. Constr Build Mater 19:460–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Bai J, Wild S, Sabir BB (2002) Sorptivity and strength of air-cured and water-cured PC-PFA-MK concrete and the influence of binder composition on carbonation depth. Cem Concr Res 32:1813–1821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Dias WPS (2000) Reduction of concrete sorptivity with age through carbonation. Cem Concr Res 30:1255–1261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Malhotra VM, Carette GG, Bilodeau A, Sivasumdaram V (1991) Some aspect of durability of high volume ASTM class F fly ash concrete. In: Malhotra VM (ed) Proceedings of the second CANMET/ACI International Conference on Durability of Concrete, American Concrete Institute (ACI) Special Publication SP-126, pp 65–82

  46. Plante P, Bilodeau A (1989) Rapid chloride ion permeability test: data on concretes incorporating supplementary cementing materials. In: Malhotra VM (ed) Proceeding of the third CANMET/ACI International Conference on the Use of Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans, ACI Special Publication SP 114-30, pp 625–644

  47. Bonavetti V, Donza H, Rahhal V, Irassar E (2000) Influence of initial curing on the properties of concrete containing limestone blended cement. Cem Concr Res 30:703–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Kolias S, Georgiou C (2005) The effect of paste volume and of water content on the strength and water absorption of concrete. Cem Concr Comp 27:211–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Buenfeld NR, Glass GK, Hassanein AM, Zhang JZ (1998) Chloride transport in concrete subjected to electrical field. J Mater Civ Eng 10(4):220–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey

    Erhan Güneyisi & Mehmet Gesoğlu

Authors
  1. Erhan Güneyisi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mehmet Gesoğlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erhan Güneyisi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Güneyisi, E., Gesoğlu, M. A study on durability properties of high-performance concretes incorporating high replacement levels of slag. Mater Struct 41, 479–493 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9260-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9260-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation