Res. Agr. Eng., 2016, 62(2):64-72 | DOI: 10.17221/34/2014-RAE
Hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen wasteOriginal Paper
- Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Hydrothermal carbonization is a suitable method for energy and material recovery of wet heterogeneous kitchen waste. The paper examines the ability of the process to produce stable, energy-rich material without harmful by-products from lunch leftovers, raw potatoes, creamy yogurt and raw onions. Results of the batch experiments confirm the hypothesis that waste processing results in homogenous energy-rich (> 24 MJ/kg) and carbon-rich (> 63 % wt.) material. The biochar of creamy yogurt reaches the highest lower-heating value of 31.75 MJ/kg. In terms of energy use and emission concentrations, all samples meet legal requirements for incineration in combustion devices. Phytotoxicity tests prove the harmlessness of the liquid by-product for agricultural purposes.
Keywords: biochar; hydrochar; wet pyrolysis; biomass; heating value; stoichiometry
Published: June 30, 2016 Show citation
References
- Antonietti M., Titirici M.M. (2010): Coal from carbohydrates: The "chimie douce" of karbon. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 13: 167-173.
Go to original source... - Berge N.D., Kyoung S.R., Jingdong M., Flora J.R.V., Chappell M.A., Sunyoung B. (2011): Hydrothermal Carbonization of Municipal Waste Streams. Environmental Science and Technology, 45: 5696-5703. Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Monier V., Mudgal S., Escalon V., O'Connor C., Gibon T., Anderson G., Montoux H. (2010): Preparatory Study of Food Waste across EU 27. European Commission.
- Funke A., Ziegler F. (2011): Heat of reaction measurements for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass. Bioresource Technology, 102: 7595-7598. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Gürdíl G., Mala»ák J., Selví K., Pinar Y. (2009): Biomass utilization for thermal energy. AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 2: 80-85.
- Hwang I.-H., Aoyama H., Matsuto T., Nakagishi T., Matsuo T. (2012): Recovery of solid fuel from municipal solid waste by hydrothermal treatment using subcritical water. Waste Management, 32: 410-416. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Libra J.A., Ro K.S., Kammann C., Funke A., Berge N.D., Neubauer Y., Titirici M., Fuhner C., Bens O., Kern J., Emmerich K. (2011): Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: A comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis. Biofuels, 2: 89-124. Go to original source...
- Lu X., Jordan B., Berge N.D. (2012): Thermal conversion of municipal solid waste via hydrothermal carbonization: Comparison of carbonization products to products from current waste management techniques. Waste Management, 32: 1353-1365. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
- Malaȇk J., Passian L. (2011): Heat-emission analysis of small combustion equipments for biomass. Res. Agr. Eng., 57: 37-50. Go to original source...
- Ramke H.G., Blohse D., Lehmann H.J., Fettig J. (2009): Hydrothermal carbonization of organic waste. In: 20th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Sardinia, October 05-09, 2010: 1-16.
- Titirici M.M., Antonietti M. (2010): Chemistry and materials options of sustainable carbon materials made by hydrothermal carbonization. Chemical Society Reviews, 39: 103-116. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.