Pakistan Sign Language: Computer Vision Analysis & Recommendations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v9i1.386Abstract
Pakistan sign language (PSL) is one of the sign languages of the world used by the Pakistani deaf community. Unfortunately, PSL has developed over the years without any greater attention from the state institutions. Most of the efforts for the development of PSL are done at the individual or group level, which is mostly impressed by regional or traditional norms. That’s why, the learning and teaching PSL is being done in various regions as per their developed version of PSL. A communications barrier occurs when the deaf of two different regions interact with each other as they are trained on their own version of PSL. Another major problem is related to the communication with normal people. The normal people in our society are completely unaware from the signs/gestures of PSL. This communication barrier seizes the basic right of communication between a deaf and a normal. Our contribution in this regard is actually two tiers. First, to the best of our knowledge, we have tried to combine all the efforts made for the development of PSL till date. Second, as a computer vision researcher, we have tried to analyze all the imaging systems developed to aid deaf to deaf and deaf to normal communication of PSL. We are hopeful that this effort will surely help to develop the systems for reducing gap between deaf to deaf, deaf to normal and Pakistan deaf to any other deaf communication.References
Alvi, A. K., Azhar, M. Y. B., Usman, M., Mumtaz, S., Rafiq, S., Rehman, R. U., & Ahmed, I. (2004). Pakistan sign language recognition using statistical template matching. International Journal of Information Technology, 1(1), 1-12.
Sami, M., Ahmed, H., Wahid, A., Siraj, U., Ahmed, F., Shahid, S., & Ali Shah, S. I. (2014, April). Pose recognition using cross correlation for static images of Urdu sign language. In Robotics and Emerging Allied Technologies in Engineering (iCREATE), 2014 International Conference on (pp. 200-204). IEEE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/iCREATE.2014.6828365
Statisitcs, D. (2015). Deaf Statistics. Pakistan Association of Deaf. Retrieved 6 December 2015, from http://Padeaf.org
Waqar, K. (2014). Disability:Situation in Pakistan (1st ed.). Karachi: Right To Education Pakistan. Retrieved from
http://www.itacec.org/document/gaw/gaw2014/2.%20Disability%20Pages%202.pdf
Consulting, A. (2012). Disability Evaluation Report (1st ed.). Karachi: Pakistan Poverty Allevation Fund. Retrieved from
http://www.ppaf.org.pk/Sector/evaluation%20report.pdf
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP),. (2013). Expert Group Meeting on Effective Data Generation for the Incheon Strategy Indicators. Retrieved from
Awan, M. (2012). PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWDs) STATISTICS IN PAKISTAN 2012. Islamabad: Agha Gee Printers - Islamabad.
Sulman, D. N., & Zuberi, S. (2000). Pakistan Sign Language–A Synopsis.Pakistan., June.
Haseeb, A. A., Illyas, A., & Ilyas, A. Speech Translation into Pakistan Sign.
Akram, B., & Bashir, R. Special Education and Deaf Children in Pakistan: An Overview. Journal of Elementary Education, 22(2), 33-44.
Tzur, D. (2000). Deaf cultures: Pakistan. Theinterpretersfriend.org. Retrieved 6 December 2015, from http://theinterpretersfriend.org/indj/dcoew/pakistan.html.
Deaf. S. (2014). 'Index of /', Sda.com.pk,. Retrieved 6 December 2015, from http://www.sda.com.pk/.
National Institute of Special Education,. (1991). Pakistan Sign Language Book I and II.
Pakistan Association of the Deaf,. (2014). Deaf in Pakistan. Retrieved 6 December 2015, from
http://www.padeaf.org/publication.asp. [Accessed: 04- Sep- 2014].
International Development Research Centre (IDRC),. (2002). Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Assisted Learning Tool for the Deaf in Pakistan. Retrieved from http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-22754-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
Resources, L. (2015). Family Educational Services Foundation. Family Educational Services Foundation. Retrieved 6 December 2015, from http://www.fesf.org.pk/
Alvi, A. K., Azhar, M. Y. B., Usman, M., Mumtaz, S., Rafiq, S., Rehman, R. U., & Ahmed, I. (2004). Pakistan sign language recognition using statistical template matching. International Journal of Information Technology, 1(1), 1-12.
Kausar, S., Javed, M. Y., & Sohail, S. (2008, August). Recognition of gestures in Pakistani sign language using fuzzy classifier. In Proceedings of the 8th conference on Signal processing, computational geometry and artificial vision(pp. 101-105). World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS).
Ali, S. A. Detection of Urdu Sign Language using Harr Algorithms.
Farooq, M. S., Khan, S. A., Abid, K., Ahmad, F., Naeem, M. A., Shafiq3a, M., & Abid, A.(2015) TAXONOMY AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMENTS IN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: A QUALITY PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Quality and Technology Management.
Khan, N. S., Abid, A., Abid, K., Farooq, U., Farooq, M. S., & Jameel, H. Speak Pakistan: Challenges in Developing Pakistan Sign Language using Information Technology. South Asian Studies, 30, 2.
Farooq, M. S., Khan, S. A., Ahmad, F., Islam, S., & Abid, A. (2014). An evaluation framework and comparative analysis of the widely used first programming languages. PloS one, 9(2), 02. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088941
Farooq, M. S., Abid, A., Khan, S. A., Naeem, M. A., Farooq, A., Abid, K., & Shafiq, M. (2012). A Qualitative Framework for Introducing Programming Language at High School. Journal of Quality and Technology Management, 8, 135-151.
Akram, U., Hasan, B., Ullah, S., Bhatti, S., Hassan, F., & Bashir, J. (2014). A Study on RE Process Models for Offshore Software Development. Journal Of Basic And Applied Scientific Research, 4(4), 114-119
Hassan, B., Farooq, S., Abid, A., Daanial, Y., Sabir, N., & Naseer, M. et al. (2014). Requirement Engineering Practices in Pakistan Software Industry: Major Problems. Journal Of Applied Environmental And Biological Sciences, 4(7S), 391-397.
Microsoft Research,. (2013). Kinect Sign Language Translator expands communication possibilities. Retrieved from
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/stories/kinect-sign-language-translator.aspx
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-By) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY