Abstract
Vaccines represent the most efficient tool for preventing diseases caused by infectious pathogens. During the last century significant progress has been made in vaccine development, resulting in the eradication or control of several diseases. However, the emergence of new pathogens and the inadequate protection conferred by some existing vaccines render necessary new vaccination strategies. Newly arising immunization approaches, such as subunit vaccines and mucosal administration, make the use of novel adjuvants essential. However, only a limited number of adjuvants are available on the market. The present review is focused on vaccine adjuvants approved for human vaccines and promising candidates which are currently under development. In this regard, emerging immune stimulators and combinations are discussed, together with their strengths, limitations and regulatory framework.
Keywords: Adjuvants, adjuvant combinations, adjuvant licensing, delivery systems, limitations, regulatory aspects, vaccines, parenteral vaccination, mucosal vaccination.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Vaccine Adjuvants: Key Tools for Innovative Vaccine Design
Volume: 13 Issue: 20
Author(s): Peggy Riese, Kai Schulze, Thomas Ebensen, Blair Prochnow and Carlos A. Guzmán
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adjuvants, adjuvant combinations, adjuvant licensing, delivery systems, limitations, regulatory aspects, vaccines, parenteral vaccination, mucosal vaccination.
Abstract: Vaccines represent the most efficient tool for preventing diseases caused by infectious pathogens. During the last century significant progress has been made in vaccine development, resulting in the eradication or control of several diseases. However, the emergence of new pathogens and the inadequate protection conferred by some existing vaccines render necessary new vaccination strategies. Newly arising immunization approaches, such as subunit vaccines and mucosal administration, make the use of novel adjuvants essential. However, only a limited number of adjuvants are available on the market. The present review is focused on vaccine adjuvants approved for human vaccines and promising candidates which are currently under development. In this regard, emerging immune stimulators and combinations are discussed, together with their strengths, limitations and regulatory framework.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Riese Peggy, Schulze Kai, Ebensen Thomas, Prochnow Blair and Guzmán A. Carlos, Vaccine Adjuvants: Key Tools for Innovative Vaccine Design, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 13 (20) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15680266113136660183
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15680266113136660183 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Definition of Postprandial Lipaemia
Current Vascular Pharmacology Genetic Determinants of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Post-Bronchiolitis Wheeze: A Systematic Review
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews A Computational Study of the Oligosaccharide Binding Sites in the Lectin-Like Domain of Tumor Necrosis Factor and the TNF-derived TIP Peptide
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Energy Adaptive Responses
Current Cardiology Reviews Antiapoptotic Effect of Novel Compound from Herba leonuri-Leonurine (SCM-198): A Mechanism Through Inhibition of Mitochondria Dysfunction in H9c2 Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Leptin and the Ob-Receptor as Anti-Obesity Target: Recent In Silico Advances in the Comprehension of the Protein-Protein Interaction and Rational Drug Design of Anti- Obesity Lead Compounds
Current Pharmaceutical Design Potential Role of IL-18 in the Immunopathogenesis of AIDS, HIVAssociated Lipodystrophy and Related Clinical Conditions
Current HIV Research Computer Aided Drug Design Studies in the Discovery of Secondary Metabolites Targeted Against Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Overview of Green Tea Interaction with Cardiovascular Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design Long-Term Outcome of Cardio Respiratory Exercise Performance After Surgery
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews The Role of Inflammatory Response in Stroke Associated Programmed Cell Death
Current Neuropharmacology Vitamin D Supplementation: A Promising Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Strokes
Current Drug Targets The Role of Size in Development of Mucosal Liposome-Lipopeptide Vaccine Candidates Against Group A Streptococcus
Medicinal Chemistry Editorial: Can Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GLP1) Agonists or Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in People with or without Diabetes?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Effectiveness of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS)
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Statins And Stroke
Current Medicinal Chemistry Epigenetic and Disease Targets by Polyphenols
Current Pharmaceutical Design Enhancing Cardiovascular Dynamics by Inhibition of Thrombospondin- 1/CD47 Signaling
Current Drug Targets Atorvastatin and Diabetic Vascular Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Hemodialysis Patients
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets