Liner shipping has been characterized by collusive agreements, called shipping conferences, since its founding in the mid-nineteenth century. This article surveys the competing models of shipping conferences, including monopolizing cartels and destructive competition models, and reviews a variety of their practices to see how much light they can shed on the profitability and efficiency of conferences.
Published Online: 2004-6-1
©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston
