Real Time Dynamics and Confinement in the $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ Schwinger-Weyl lattice model for 1+1 QED

Giuseppe Magnifico; Marcello Dalmonte; Paolo Facchi; Saverio Pascazio; Francesco V. Pepe; Elisa Ercolessi

doi:10.22331/q-2020-06-15-281

Real Time Dynamics and Confinement in the $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ Schwinger-Weyl lattice model for 1+1 QED

Giuseppe Magnifico^1,2, Marcello Dalmonte^3,4, Paolo Facchi^5,6, Saverio Pascazio^5,6,7, Francesco V. Pepe^5,6, and Elisa Ercolessi^1,2

¹Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
²INFN, Sezione di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
³Abdus Salam ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
⁴SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
⁵Dipartimento di Fisica and MECENAS, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
⁶INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
⁷Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR), I-50125 Firenze, Italy

Published:	2020-06-15, volume 4, page 281
Eprint:	arXiv:1909.04821v5
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-06-15-281
Citation:	Quantum 4, 281 (2020).

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Abstract

We study the out-of-equilibrium properties of $1+1$ dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED), discretized via the staggered-fermion Schwinger model with an Abelian $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ gauge group. We look at two relevant phenomena: first, we analyze the stability of the Dirac vacuum with respect to particle/antiparticle pair production, both spontaneous and induced by an external electric field; then, we examine the string breaking mechanism. We observe a strong effect of confinement, which acts by suppressing both spontaneous pair production and string breaking into quark/antiquark pairs, indicating that the system dynamics displays a number of out-of-equilibrium features.

Featured image: Particle production after a quantum quench in Z5 lattice gauge theories as a function of time (x-axis) and mass (y-axis).

Popular summary

Gauge theories represent a fundamental building block of our understanding of physical laws. Despite their elegance, their real-time dynamics is often difficult to solve on classical computers, due to their complexity, that grows exponentially with the system size.

In recent years, several approaches leveraging on quantum information have enabled controlled simulations of such theories in real-time. These novel tools, based on a class of wave-functions known as tensor networks, offer unique opportunities to understand the spreading of quantum correlations, and in particular entanglement, in gauge theories.

We study here the Schwinger-Weyl lattice model, in which both space and the gauge degree of freedom are discretized, in such a way that standard quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions is reproduced in the continuum limit.

We analyze the stability of the Dirac vacuum, the mechanism of pair (particle/antiparticle) production, as well as the intriguing string breaking mechanism. Strings behave very differently, depending on the particle mass and charge (coupling), and their dynamics leaves characteristics footprints in the entanglement evolution. A number of out-of-equilibrium features are unhearted and scrutinized.

► BibTeX data

@article{Magnifico2020realtimedynamics,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2020-06-15-281},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-06-15-281},
  title = {Real {T}ime {D}ynamics and {C}onfinement in the {$\mathbb{Z}_{n}$} {S}chwinger-{W}eyl lattice model for 1+1 {QED}},
  author = {Magnifico, Giuseppe and Dalmonte, Marcello and Facchi, Paolo and Pascazio, Saverio and Pepe, Francesco V. and Ercolessi, Elisa},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {281},
  month = jun,
  year = {2020}
}

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