Quantum one-time tables for unconditionally secure qubit-commitment

Seok Hyung Lie; Hyukjoon Kwon; M. S. Kim; Hyunseok Jeong

doi:10.22331/q-2021-03-10-405

Quantum one-time tables for unconditionally secure qubit-commitment

Seok Hyung Lie¹, Hyukjoon Kwon², M. S. Kim^2,3, and Hyunseok Jeong¹

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
²QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
³Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, 02455, Korea

Published:	2021-03-10, volume 5, page 405
Eprint:	arXiv:1903.12304v4
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-10-405
Citation:	Quantum 5, 405 (2021).

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Abstract

The commodity-based cryptography is an alternative approach to realize conventionally impossible cryptographic primitives such as unconditionally secure bit-commitment by consuming pre-established correlation between distrustful participants. A unit of such classical correlation is known as the one-time table (OTT). In this paper, we introduce a new example besides quantum key distribution in which quantum correlation is useful for cryptography. We propose a scheme for unconditionally secure qubit-commitment, a quantum cryptographic primitive forbidden by the recently proven no-masking theorem in the standard model, based on the consumption of the quantum generalization of the OTT, the bipartite quantum state we named $\textit{quantum one-time tables}$ (QOTT). The construction of the QOTT is based on the newly analyzed internal structure of quantum masker and the quantum secret sharing schemes. Our qubit-commitment scheme is shown to be universally composable. We propose to measure the randomness cost of preparing a (Q)OTT in terms of its entropy, and show that the QOTT with superdense coding can increase the security level with half the cost of OTTs for unconditionally secure bit-commitment. The QOTT exemplifies an operational setting where neither maximally classically correlated state nor maximally entangled state, but rather a well-structured partially entangled mixed state is more valuable resource.

Featured image: A schematic depiction of the qubit-commitment protocol utilizing the quantum one-time table.

Popular summary

A well-prepared correlation can make conventionally impossible cryptographic primitives. For example, a probability distribution called `one-time table' allows the implementation of unconditionally secure bit-commitment. In this work, the authors generalize this commodity-based cryptography to the quantum realm and suggest the quantum one-time table for unconditionally secure qubit-commitment. It is shown that quantum randomness can achieve the same level of security with half the entropy of its classical counterpart.

► BibTeX data

@article{Lie2021quantumonetime,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2021-03-10-405},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-10-405},
  title = {Quantum one-time tables for unconditionally secure qubit-commitment},
  author = {Lie, Seok Hyung and Kwon, Hyukjoon and Kim, M. S. and Jeong, Hyunseok},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {405},
  month = mar,
  year = {2021}
}

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Cited by

[1] Houquan Liu and Libo Yuan, "Unconditionally Secure Relativistic Quantum Qubit Commitment", Applied Sciences 11 23, 11416 (2021).

[2] Seok Hyung Lie, Seongjeon Choi, and Hyunseok Jeong, "Min-entropy as a resource for one-shot private state transfer, quantum masking, and state transition", Physical Review A 103 4, 042421 (2021).

[3] Seok Hyung Lie and Hyunseok Jeong, "Catalytic quantum randomness as a correlational resource", Physical Review Research 3 4, 043089 (2021).

[4] Seok Hyung Lie and Hyunseok Jeong, "Delocalized and dynamical catalytic randomness and information flow", Physical Review A 107 4, 042430 (2023).

[5] Siming Zhang, Minghao Wang, and Bin Zhou, "Quantifying the information distribution of quantum information masking", Quantum Information Processing 22 7, 284 (2023).

[6] Seok Hyung Lie and Hyunseok Jeong, "Randomness cost of masking quantum information and the information conservation law", Physical Review A 101 5, 052322 (2020).

[7] Seok Hyung Lie and M. S. Kim, "Quantum operations with the time axis in a superposed direction", arXiv:2306.02755, (2023).

[8] Mao-Sheng Li and Kavan Modi, "Probabilistic and approximate masking of quantum information", Physical Review A 102 2, 022418 (2020).

[9] Seok Hyung Lie and Hyunseok Jeong, "Randomness for quantum channels: Genericity of catalysis and quantum advantage of uniformness", Physical Review Research 3 1, 013218 (2021).

[10] Yuxing Du, Zhihua Guo, Huaixin Cao, Kanyuan Han, and Chuan Yang, "Masking Quantum Information Encoded in Pure and Mixed States", International Journal of Theoretical Physics 60 7, 2380 (2021).

[11] Seok Hyung Lie and Hyunsek Jeong, "Correlational Resource Theory of Catalytic Quantum Randomness under Conservation Law", arXiv:2104.00300, (2021).

[12] Seok Hyung Lie and Hyunseok Jeong, "Randomness for quantum channels:Genericity of catalysis and quantum advantage of uniformness", arXiv:2010.14795, (2020).

[13] Uzi Pereg, Christian Deppe, and Holger Boche, "Quantum Channel State Masking", arXiv:2006.05925, (2020).

[14] Seok Hyung Lie, Yong Siah Teo, and Hyunseok Jeong, "Hacking Quantum Networks: Extraction and Installation of Quantum Data", arXiv:2105.13823, (2021).

[15] A. G. Abdelwahab, S. A. Ghwail, Nasser Metwally, M. H. Mahran, and A. -S. F. Obada, "The concealment of accelerated information is possible", Quantum Information Processing 20 2, 71 (2021).

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