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Systematic wood anatomy of the genus Tapirira Aublet (Anacardiaceae)— a numerical approach

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Abstract

A wood anatomical study of the Mexican species ofTapirira was undertaken to uncover evidence to help clarify the systematics of the genus. Three to five individuals of each of 10 populations from throughout the range of the genus in Mexico were studied. For comparative purposes, three Central and South American species were also examined. Cluster analysis showed that the genus in Mexico can be separated into two phenetic units, represented byT. mexicana, a species widely distributed in Mexico, andT. chimalapana, a species endemic to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Canonical discriminant and factor analyses indicate that the quantitative wood characters most useful in distinguishing these species are wall thickness of fibers and vessels, diameter of fiber lumen, and diameter and frequency of radial canals. These species also differ in presence/absence of tannins in the fibers and color and specific gravity of the wood. The South American species,Tapirira bethanniana, T. guianensis, andT. obtusa, have wood anatomy similar to that ofT. chimalapana. The differences in the wood anatomical characters betweenT. mexicana and the other taxa suggest that the infrageneric classification ofTapirira should be reevaluated. The results of this study support the utility of sampling of populations in comparative wood anatomy.

Resumen

Con un enfoque anatómico sistemático se estudió la anatomía de la madera del géneroTapirira para aclarar su taxonomía en México. Se colectaron tres a cinco muestras en 10 poblaciones cubriendo el área de distribución del género en México, además de estudiar la madera de tres especies de Centro y Sudamérica. El análisis de agrupamiento mostró que el género en México se separa en dos unidades fenéticas que corresponden aT. mexicana, especie ampliamente distribuida en México yT. chimalapana, especie endémica del Itsmo de Tehuantepec. Los análisis canónico discriminante y de factor señalaron que los caracteres cuantitativos útiles para distinguir a las especies anatómicamente son el grosor de la pared de la fibra y el vaso, el diámetro del lumen de la fibra y el diámetro y frecuencia de los canales radiales. Además la ocurrencia de taninos en fibras, el color y gravedad específica de la madera apoyan estas conclusiones.Tapirira benthanniana, T. guianensis yT. obtusa comparten las mismas características anatómicas conT. chimalapana. Las diferencias anatómicas encontradas entreT. mexicana y las otras especies estudiadas sugieren que la clasificación infra-genérica deTapirira debe ser re-evaluada. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran la importancia de los muestreos poblacionales en los estudios de anatomía comparada de la madera.

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  1. Tom Wendt

    Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Louisiana State University, 70803-1705, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.

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  1. Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, 56230, México, México

    Teresa Terrazas & Tom Wendt

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  1. Teresa Terrazas
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Terrazas, T., Wendt, T. Systematic wood anatomy of the genus Tapirira Aublet (Anacardiaceae)— a numerical approach. Brittonia 47, 109–129 (1995). https://doi.org/10.2307/2806951

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