Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Infra-specific genetic and morphological diversity in Linum album (Linaceae)

  • Section Botany
  • Published:
Biologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The genus Linum L. (Lineacea) has over 15 species, subspecies or ecotypes in Iran. These species show extensive geographical distribution and form many local populations throughout the country. Linum album is herbaceous medicinal plant containing important lignans such as podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and 6-methoxy podophyllotoxin (MPTOX), which have antiviral and anticancer properties. Studying the genetic and morphological diversity of different geographical populations produces detailed knowledge about population divergence and identification of the infra-species taxa if at all they are present. Moreover, the populations that differ in their genetic content and structure may also differ in their chemical and medicinal properties. The present study considers morphological and genetic diversity analyses of 20 L. album geographical populations by using nuclear ISSR markers, genome size, and cytogenetic characteristics. These populations differed significantly in many of their quantitative morphological characters and in some of their qualitative features. They also differed significantly in their molecular characteristics and genome size. Details of morphological and molecular variations are reported and discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Chashmi N.A., Sharifi M., Yousefzadi M., Behmanesh M. & Palazon J. 2011. The production of cytotoxic lignans by hairy root cultures of Linum album. World Academy of Science, Engineering Tech. 56: 401–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diederichsen A. 2007. Ex situ collection of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and other species of the genus Linum L. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 54: 661–678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doležel J. & Bartoš J. 2005. Plant DNA flow cytometry and estimation of nuclear genome size. Ann.Bot. 95: 99–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi S.L., Hari D., Upadhyaya H., Stalker T., Blair M.W., Bertioli D.J., Nielen S. & Ortiz R. 2008. Enhancing crop gene pools with beneficial traits using wild relatives. Plant Breed. Rev. 30: 179–230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Everaert I., de Riek J., de Loose M., van Waes J. & van Bockstaele E. 2001. Most similar variety grouping for distinctness evaluation of flax and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties by means of AFLP and morphological data. Plant Variet. Seeds 14: 69–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeland J.R., Kirk H. & Peterson S.D. 2011. Molecular Ecology, 2nd ed., Wiley-Blackwell, UK, 449 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu Y.B. 2006. Redundancy and distinctness in flax germplasm as revealed by RAPD dissimilarity. Plant Genet. Resour. 4: 117–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu Y.B. & Allaby R.G. 2010. Phylogenetic network of Linum species as revealed by non-coding chloroplast DNA sequences. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 57: 667–677.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu Y.B., Diederichsen A. & Allaby R. 2012. Locus-specific view of flax domestication history. Ecol. Evol. 2: 139–152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill K.S. 1987. Linseed. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamer Ř., Harper D.A.T. & Ryan P.D. 2012. PAST: Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontol. Electronica 4: 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemmati Sh. 2007. Biosynthesis of lignans in plant species of the section Linum: pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase and justicidin B 7-hydroxylase. Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Križman M., Jakse J., Baricevic D., Javornik B. & Prošek M. 2006. Robust CTAB-activated charcoal protocol for plant DNA extraction. Acta Agri. Slov. 87: 427–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxted N., Ford-Lloyd B.V., Kell S.P., Iriondo J.M., Dulloo M.E. & Turok J. 2008. Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use, CABI Publishing Series, Oxfordshire 720 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDill J.R. 2009. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the Linaceae and Linum, with implications for their systematics and historical biogeography. Doct. dissert., University of Texas at Austin. Available electronically from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-12-657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muir A.D. & Westcott N.D. (eds) 2003. Flax: The genus Linum. Taylor and Francis Inc., London, UK and NY, USA, 307 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls M.S. 1986. Variation and evolution in Linum tenuifolium (Linaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 153: 243–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ockendon D.J. 1968. Biosystematic studies in Linum perenne group. New Phytol. 67: 787–813.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ockendon D.J. & Walters S.M. 1968. Linum. In: Tutin T.G., Heywood V. H., Burges N.A., Moore D.M., Valentine D.H., Walters S.M. & Webb D.A. (eds), Flora Europaea, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, vol. 2, pp. 206–211.

  • Pritchard J.K., Stephens M. & Donnelly P. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype Data. Genetics 155: 945–959.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Podani J. 2000. Introduction to the Exploration of Multivariate Data, Backhuyes, Leide Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers C.M. 1982. The Systematics of Linum sect. Linopsis (Linaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 140: 225–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers C.M. 2008. A revision of the genus Linum in southern Africa. Nordic J. Bot. 1: 711–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt T.J., Hemmati S., Klaes M., Konuklugil B., Mohagheghzadeh A., Ionkova I., Fuss E. & Wilhelm Alfermann A. 2010. Lignans in flowering aerial parts of Linum species. Chemodiversity in the light of systematics and phylogeny. Phytochem. 71: 1714–28. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.06.015.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seetharam A. 1972. Interspecific hybridization in Linum. Euphytica 21: 489–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seidel V., Windhövel J., Eaton G., Alfermann A.W., Arroo R.R., Medarde M., Petersen M. & Woolley J.G. 2002. Biosynthesis of podophyllotoxin in Linum album cell cultures. Planta 215: 1031–1039.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semenova O.Y., Khotyuleva L.V. & Zelenin A.V. 2003. Genome comparisons with chromosomal and molecular markers for three closely related flax species and their hybrids. Russian J. Genet. 39: 414–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharifnia F. & Albouyeh R.M. 2002. Anatomical studies in relation to taxonomy of Persian Linum species. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 5: 1240–1245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharifnia F. & Assadi M. 2001. Flora of Iran, No. 34: Linaceae. Research Inst. Forests and Rangelands, Ministry of Jahad-e-Sazandegi, Iran (in Farsi).

    Google Scholar 

  • Soto-Cerda B.J., Saavedra H.U., Navarro C.N. & Ortega P.M. 2011. Characterization of novel genic SSR markers in Linum usitatissimum (L.) and their transferability across eleven Linum species. Plant Biotech. 14: 0717–3458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uysal H., Fu Y.B., Kurt O., Peterson G.W., Diederichsen A. & Kusters P. 2010. Genetic diversity of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and its wild progenitor pale flax (Linum bienne Mill.) as revealed by ISSR markers. Genetic Crop Evol. 57: 1109–1119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velasco L. & Goffman F.D. 2000. Tocopherol, plastochromanol and fatty acid patterns in the genus Linum. Plant Syst. Evol. 221: 77–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vromans J. 2006. Molecular genetic studies in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). PhD thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weising K., Nybom H., Wolff K. & Kahl G. 2005. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. Principles, Methods, and Applications (2nd ed.), Taylor & Francis, 444 pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesnerová D. & Wiesner I. 2004. ISSR-based clustering of cultivated flax germplasm is statistically correlated to thousand seed mass. Mol. Biotech. 26: 207–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson I.J. & Balding D.J. 1998. Genealogical inference from microsatellite data. Genetics 150: 499–510.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoya K., Roberts A.V., Mottley J., Lewis R. & Brandham P.E. 2000. Nuclear DNA amounts in Roses. Ann. Bot. 85: 557–561.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

    Masoud Sheidai, Somayeh Ziaee, Fatemeh Farahani & Yeganeh Hasheminejad-Ahangarani Farahani

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran

    Seyed-Mehdi Talebi

  3. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Teheran, Iran

    Zahra Noormohammadi

Authors
  1. Masoud Sheidai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Somayeh Ziaee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fatemeh Farahani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Seyed-Mehdi Talebi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zahra Noormohammadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yeganeh Hasheminejad-Ahangarani Farahani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masoud Sheidai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sheidai, M., Ziaee, S., Farahani, F. et al. Infra-specific genetic and morphological diversity in Linum album (Linaceae). Biologia 69, 32–39 (2014). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0281-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0281-4

Key words

Search

Navigation