volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Scanning a planar array in the x-z plane directs the beam peak to any direction off the broadside along the same plane. Reduction of sidelobe level in concentric ring array of isotropic antennas scanned in the x-z plane result in a wide first null beamwidth (FNBW). In this paper, the authors propose pattern synthesis methods to reduce the sidelobe levels with fixed FNBW by making the scanned array thinned based on two different global optimization algorithms, namely Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The thinning percentage of the array is kept more than 45 percent and the first null beamwidth (FNBW) is kept equal to or less than that of a fully populated, uniformly excited and 0.5 λ spaced concentric circular ring array of same scanning angle and same number of elements and rings.

1. Stearns, C. and A. Stewart, "An investigation of concentric ring antennas with low sidelobes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 13, No. 6, 856-863, 1965.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1965.1138544

2. Goto, N. and D. K. Cheng, "On the synthesis of concentric-ring array," IEEE Proc., Vol. 58, No. 5, 839-840, 1970.
doi:10.1109/PROC.1970.7776

3. Biller, L. and G. Friedman, "Optimization of radiation patterns for an array of concentric ring sources," IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust., Vol. 21, No. 1, 57-61, 1973.
doi:10.1109/TAU.1973.1162432

4. Huebner, D., "Design and optimization of small concentric ring array," Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Int. Symp., Vol. 16, 455-458, 1978.

5. Kumar, B. P. and G. R. Branner, "Design of low sidelobe circular ring array by element radius optimazation," Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Int. Symp., 2032-2035, 1999.

6. Dessouky, M., H. Sharshar, and Y. Albagory, "Efficient sidelobe reduction technique for small-sized concentric circular array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 65, 187-200, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06092503

7. Haupt, R. L., "Optimized element spacing for low sidelobe concentric ring array," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 1, 266-268, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.913176

8. Haupt, R. L., "Thinned concentric ring array," Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Int. Symp., 1-4, 2008.

9. Pathak, N., P. Nanda, and G. K. Mahanti, "Synthesis of thinned multiple concentric circular ring array antennas using particle swarm optimization," Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 30, No. 7, 709-716, Springer, New York, 2009.
doi:10.1007/s10762-009-9499-1

10. Rashedi, E., H. Nezamabadi-pour, and S. Saryazdi, "GSA: A gravitational search algorithm," Information Sciences, Vol. 179, No. 13, 2232-2248, 2009.
doi:10.1016/j.ins.2009.03.004

11. Mailloux, R. J., Phased Array Antenna Handbook, 2nd Ed., Artech House, Boston, 2005.

12. Kennedy, J. and R. C. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization," Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks, Vol. 4, 1942-1948, 1995.
doi:10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968

13. Haupt, R. L., "Thinned arrays using genetic algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 42, No. 7, 993-999, 1994.
doi:10.1109/8.299602

14. Pathak, N., G. K. Mahanti, S. K. Singh, J. K. Mishra, and A. Chakraborty, "Synthesis of thinned planar circular array antennas using modified particle swarm optimization," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 12, 87-97, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERL09090606

Dr. Anirban Chatterjee

Dr. Gautam Mahanti

Dr. Narendra Nath Pathak