A new glandulocaudine xenurobryconin fish, Xenurobrycon coracoralinae, is described from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from congeners in having the anal-fin hooks of mature males restricted to the last unbranched and the first four, rarely five, branched rays. The combination of the absence of a semicircular flange-like process on principal caudal-fin ray 18 and of an adipose fin, and the presence of seven pelvicfin rays and only conical teeth, also distinguish the new species from its congeners.