Abstract
The gain of the vertical antenna array in a randomly inhomogeneous ocean waveguide is numerically simulated on the assumption that the useful signal is generated by a finite set of mutually uncorrelated discrete spectrum modes and is received against the ocean noise background. It is shown that the choice of themost effective weight distribution of the array and the thus obtained gain strongly depend on both the modal spectra of the signal and noise and the number and position of the receiving elements in the channel. The critical factor is the mutual orthogonality of the waveguide modes at the array input, which indicates the possibility of specially arranging the elements for the known (expected) mode spectrum of the signal.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L. M. Brekhovskikh and Yu. P. Lysanov, Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics, 2nd ed. Springer Series on Wave Phenomena (Springer, Berlin, 1991). Vol.
L. M. Brekhovskikh, Waves in Layered Media (Academic Press, N. Y., 1980).
A. G. Nechaev, “Interferation Structure Damping of Acoustic Field in Ocean with Random Inhomogeneous,” Akust. Zh. 33(3), 535 (1987).[in Russian].
A. L. Virovlyanskii, A. G. Kosterin, and A. N. Malakhov, “Mode Fluctuations in Canonic Underwater Sound Channel,” Sov. Phys. -Acoust. 35(2), 138 (1989).
V. V. Artel’nii and M. A. Raevskii, “Acoustic Field Intermode Correlations in a Waveguide with Random Volume in Homogeneities,” Akust. Zh. 35(5), 774 (1989).[in Russian].
A. G. Sazontov, “A Quasi-Classical Solution to the Radiation Transport Equation in a Scattering Medium with Regular Refraction,” Acoust. Phys. 42(4), 487 (1996).
W. C. Carey, “The Determination of Signal Coherence Length Based on Signal Coherence and Gain Measurements in Deep and Shallow Water,” J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 104(2), 831 (1998).
L. Wan, J. -X. Zhou, P. H. Rogers, and D. P. Knobles, “Spatial Coherence Measurements from two LShape Arrays in Shallow Water,” Acoust. Phys. 55(3), 383 (2009).
J. A. Colosi, T. F. Duda, and A. K. Morozov, “Statistics of Low-Frequency Normal-Mode Amplitudes in an Ocean with Random Sound-Speed Perturbations: ShallowWater Environments,” J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 131(2), 1749 (2012).
B. F. Kur’yanov, “Underwater Ocean Noise,” in Ocean Acoustics: Current Status (Nauka, Moscow, 1982) [in Russian].
A. A. Aredov, N. N. Okhrimenko, and A. V. Furduev, “Anisotropy of the Noise Field in the Ocean (Experiment and Calculations),” Sov. Phys. -Acoust. 34(2), 128 (1988).
V. V. Artel’nii, I. N. Didenkulov, and M. A. Raevskii, “Low-Frequency Dynamic Noise in a Randomly Inhomogeneous Ocean,” Akust. Zh. 34(1), 12 (1988).[in Russian].
W. A. Kuperman and F. Ingenito, “Spatial Correlation of Surface Generated Noise in a Stratified Ocean,” J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 67(6), 1988 (1980).
C. H. Harrison, “Formulas for Ambient Noise Level and Coherence,” J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 99(4), 2055 (1996).
Ya. S. Shifrin. “Current Status of the Statistic Theory of Antennas,” Radiotekh. Elelktron. 35(7), 1345 (1990).[in Russian].
R. M. Hamson, “The Theoretical Gain Limitations of a Passive Vertical Line Array in Shallow Water,” J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 68(1), 156 (1980).
E. Yu. Gorodetskaya, A. I. Malekhanov, and V. I. Talanov, “Modelling of Optimal Array Signal Processing in Underwater Sound Channels,” Sov. Phys. -Acoust. 38(6), 571 (1992).
E. Yu. Gorodetskaya, A. I. Malekhanov, A. G. Sazontov, and V. A. Farfel’, “Effects of Long-Range Propagation of Sound in a Random Inhomogeneous Ocean on the Gain Loss of a Horizontal Antenna Array,” Acoust. Phys. 42(5), 543 (1996).
N. K. Vdovicheva, E. Yu. Gorodetskaya, A. I. Malekhanov, and A. G. Sazontov, “Gain of a Vertical Antenna Array in a Randomly Inhomogeneous Oceanic Waveguide,” Acoust. Phys. 43(6), 669 (1997).
E. Yu. Gorodetskaya, A. I. Malekhanov, A. G. Sazontov, and N. K. Vdovicheva, “Coherence Effects on Array Beamforming in Shallow Water,” in Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics (Lyon, France, 2000), pp. 1031–1036.
A. V. Smirnov and A. I. Malekhanov, “Simulation of the Response of the Extended Horizontal Antenna on the Partially Coherent Multimode Signal in the Underwater Sound Channel,” in Proceedings of the 25th Session of the Russian Acoustic Society (Taganrog, Russia, 2012), pp. 209–212 [in Russian].
A. I. Malekhanov and A. V. Smirnov, “Large-Array Beamforming and Gain in Random Multimode Channels: Basic Physical Aspects and Performance Estimations,” in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques (Kharkov, Ukraine, 2015), pp. 62–67.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Labutina, M.S., Malekhanov, A.I. & Smirnov, A.V. Estimation of efficiency of vertical antenna arrays in underwater sound channels. Phys. Wave Phen. 24, 161–167 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X16020126
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X16020126