Abstract
The presented results suggest that the concept of efficiency factor previously used to demonstrate that changes in inter-fiber bonding in paper do not change the shape of the stress-strain curve can be extended to describe the changes that are observed in the tensile response of paper subjected to previous straining. It is found that the pre-yielding response for samples that have fully recovered from previous straining scales with changes in maximum tangent modulus. This deformation is mainly recoverable. When the scaling holds, one can extract a reasonable approximation of the initial recoverable deformation, which is separate from the plastic deformation. In essence, the efficiency factor acts as a stress magnification factor that easily can be incorporated into a constitutive equation. Tracking the change in efficiency factor with straining allows one to account for the loss of observed compliance for the entire range of recoverable deformation.
© 2018 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
