FORMALDEHYDE-FREE AND HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANT FINISHING ON COTTON FABRIC

Zeynep Omerogullari Basyigit; Dilek Kut

doi:10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.482884

Research Article

FORMALDEHYDE-FREE AND HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANT FINISHING ON COTTON FABRIC

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 287 - 293, 29.12.2018

Zeynep Omerogullari Basyigit Dilek Kut

https://doi.org/10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.482884

Cited By: 4

Abstract

This study focuses on the application of environmental-friendly flame
retardant (FR) finishing which does not include formaldehyde or halogen based
chemicals on cotton fabrics since it has been announced that these kinds of
materials have environmental and toxicological hazards. Three different types
of FR agents were used in the finishing bath and applied on raw, pre-treated
and dyed cotton fabrics, respectively. One of them was the mixture of inorganic
and organic salts while the other type was chosen as phosphate structured which
have a commercial use in textile industry widely in order to compare the flame
retardant effects on cotton. The third type was calcium carbonate based
chemical produced in Balıkesir Turkey named Firetex. After finishing treatment
of all types of FRs, performance tests as burning tests and color spectrums
were carried out beside the characterization tests as SEM and FTIR-ATR
analysis. In order to determine the washing durability of the cotton fabrics,
each performance test was performed after 5 repeated washing cycle. According to the results, it was observed
that both three types of flame retardant agents improved the flame retardant
effect of cotton fabrics however the char length of cotton fabric which treated
with Firetex was lower than the rest and it was indicated in the study that
using natural structured FR could be a new area in green chemistry as a FR
textile chemical.

Keywords

Cotton fabric, non-formaldehyde, natural structured flame retardant, Firetex

References

1. Abdel‐Mohdy, F. A.,2003,“Graft Copolymerization of Nitrogen‐And Phosphorus‐Containing Monomers onto Cellulosics for Flame‐Retardant Finishing of Cotton Textiles”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89(9), pp: 2573-2578.
2. Al-Hosney, H. A., &Grassian, V. H. ,2005,“Water, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitric Acid Adsorption on Calcium Carbonate: A Transmission and ATR-FTIR Study”. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 7(6), pp:1266-1276.
3. Alongi, J., Ciobanu, M., &Malucelli, G.,2012,“Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy And Mechanical Properties of Cotton Fabrics Treated with Inorganic Coatings Synthesized Through Sol–Gel Processes”. Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(3), pp: 2093-2099.
4. Cheng, X., & Yang, C. Q. ,2009,“Flame Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fleece Fabric: Part V. Phosphorus‐containing Maleic Acid Oligomers”. Fire and Materials, 33(8), pp: 365-375.
5. Gaan, S., & Sun, G.,2007,“Effect Of Phosphorus Flame Retardants On Thermo-Oxidative Decomposition of Cotton”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92(6), pp: 968-974.
6. Horrocks, A. R., Kandola, B. K., Davies, P. J., Zhang, S., & Padbury, S. A., 2005,“Developments in Flame Retardant Textiles–A Review”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 88(1), pp: 3-12.
7. Karabudak, E., Kas, R., Ogieglo, W., Rafieian, D., Schlautmann, S., Lammertink, R. G.&Mul, G.,2012,“Disposable Attenuated Total Reflection-Infrared Crystals From Silicon Wafer: A Versatile Approach To Surface Infrared Spectroscopy”. Analytical Chemistry, 85(1), pp: 33-38.
8. Kesik, H. İ., Aydoğan, H., Çağatay, K., Özkan, O. E., &Maraz, E. “Fire Properties of Scots Pine Impregnated with Firetex”.
9. Kurt, C. Ö. Ş., Esen, R., &Korkmaz, M., 2016,“The Determinated Combustion Properties of Fir Wood Impregnated With Fire-Retardants”. The Online Journal of Science and Technology-July, 6(3).
10. Lecoeur, E., Vroman, I., Bourbigot, S., Lam, T. M., &Delobel, R.,2001,“Flame Retardant Formulations For Cotton”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 74(3), pp: 487-492.
11. Lewin, M. ,2005,“Unsolved Problems and Unanswered Questions in Flame Retardanceof Polymers”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 88(1), pp: 13-19.
12. Mohsin, M., Quatab, H. G., Sarwar, N., Ramzan, N., & Ahmad, S. W. ,2017,“Synthesis of Halogen and Formaldehyde Free Bio Based Fire Retardant For Cotton”. IndustriaTextila, 68(3), pp: 221.
13. Ozcan, G., Dayioglu, H., &Candan, C. ,2004, “Impact of Finishing Processes on Flame Resistance of Knitted Fabric”. Textile Research Journal, 74(6), pp: 490-496.
14. Ömeroğullari, Z., &Kut, D.,2011,“Investigation of Burning Behavior of Polyester Fabric with Using Natural Structured Flame Retardant Agent”. Journal of Textile & Apparel/TekstilveKonfeksiyon, 21(4). v.4, pp: 364-368.
15. Reddy, P. R. S., Agathian, G., & Kumar, A.,2005,“Ionizing Radiation Graft Polymerized and Modified Flame Retardant Cotton Fabric”. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 72(4), pp: 511-516.
16. Salmeia, K. A., Jovic, M., Ragaisiene, A., Rukuiziene, Z., Milasius, R., Mikucioniene, D., &Gaan, S.,2016,“Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy”. Polymers, 8(8), pp: 293.
17. Schindler, W. D., & Hauser, P. J. ,2004,“Chemical Finishing of Textiles”. Elsevier.
18. Tsafack, M. J., &Levalois-Grützmacher, J., 2006, “Flame Retardancyof Cotton Textiles By Plasma-Induced Graft-Polymerization (PIGP)”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 201(6), pp: 2599-2610.
19. Tomak, E. D., &Cavdar, A. D. ,2013,“Limited Oxygen Index Levels of Impregnated Scots Pine Wood”. ThermochimicaActa, 573, pp: 181-185.
20. Ugur, Ş. S., Sariişik, M., &Aktaş, A. H. ,2010,“The Fabrication of Nanocomposite Thin Films With TIO2 Nanoparticles By The Layer-By-Layer Deposition Method For Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics”. Nanotechnology, 21(32), pp:325-603.
21. Weil, E. D., &Levchik, S. V. ,2008,“Flame Retardants In Commercial Use or Development For Textiles”. Journal of Fire Sciences, 26(3), pp: 243-281.
22. Wu, W., & Yang, C. Q. 2006,“Comparison of Different Reactive Organophosphorus Flame Retardant Agents for Cotton: Part I. The Bonding of the Flame Retardant Agents to Cotton”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91(11), pp: 2541-2548.
23. Yang, C. Q., & Wu, W.,2003, “Combination of a Hydroxy‐Functional Organophosphorus Oligomer and A Multifunctional Carboxylic Acid As A Flame Retardant Finishing System For Cotton: Part II. Formation of Calcium Salt DuringLaundering”. Fire and Materials, 27(5), pp: 239-251.
24. Yang, C. Q., &Qiu, X., 2007, “Flame‐Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fleece Fabric: Part I. The Use Of A Hydroxy‐Functional Organophosphorus Oligomer and Dimethyloldihydroxylethyleneurea”. Fire and materials, 31(1), pp: 67-81.
25. Zhang, X., Yang, W., & Dong, C., 2013,“Levoglucosan Formation Mechanisms During Cellulose Pyrolysis”. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 104, pp: 19-27.
26. Özdoğan, E., Korkmaz, A., &Seventekin, N., 2007,“Eko-Teksve AB çevre Etiketi”.Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon Dergisi 3(1), pp:148-152.

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 287 - 293, 29.12.2018

Zeynep Omerogullari Basyigit Dilek Kut

https://doi.org/10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.482884

Cited By: 4

Abstract

References

1. Abdel‐Mohdy, F. A.,2003,“Graft Copolymerization of Nitrogen‐And Phosphorus‐Containing Monomers onto Cellulosics for Flame‐Retardant Finishing of Cotton Textiles”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89(9), pp: 2573-2578.
2. Al-Hosney, H. A., &Grassian, V. H. ,2005,“Water, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitric Acid Adsorption on Calcium Carbonate: A Transmission and ATR-FTIR Study”. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 7(6), pp:1266-1276.
3. Alongi, J., Ciobanu, M., &Malucelli, G.,2012,“Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy And Mechanical Properties of Cotton Fabrics Treated with Inorganic Coatings Synthesized Through Sol–Gel Processes”. Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(3), pp: 2093-2099.
4. Cheng, X., & Yang, C. Q. ,2009,“Flame Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fleece Fabric: Part V. Phosphorus‐containing Maleic Acid Oligomers”. Fire and Materials, 33(8), pp: 365-375.
5. Gaan, S., & Sun, G.,2007,“Effect Of Phosphorus Flame Retardants On Thermo-Oxidative Decomposition of Cotton”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92(6), pp: 968-974.
6. Horrocks, A. R., Kandola, B. K., Davies, P. J., Zhang, S., & Padbury, S. A., 2005,“Developments in Flame Retardant Textiles–A Review”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 88(1), pp: 3-12.
7. Karabudak, E., Kas, R., Ogieglo, W., Rafieian, D., Schlautmann, S., Lammertink, R. G.&Mul, G.,2012,“Disposable Attenuated Total Reflection-Infrared Crystals From Silicon Wafer: A Versatile Approach To Surface Infrared Spectroscopy”. Analytical Chemistry, 85(1), pp: 33-38.
8. Kesik, H. İ., Aydoğan, H., Çağatay, K., Özkan, O. E., &Maraz, E. “Fire Properties of Scots Pine Impregnated with Firetex”.
9. Kurt, C. Ö. Ş., Esen, R., &Korkmaz, M., 2016,“The Determinated Combustion Properties of Fir Wood Impregnated With Fire-Retardants”. The Online Journal of Science and Technology-July, 6(3).
10. Lecoeur, E., Vroman, I., Bourbigot, S., Lam, T. M., &Delobel, R.,2001,“Flame Retardant Formulations For Cotton”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 74(3), pp: 487-492.
11. Lewin, M. ,2005,“Unsolved Problems and Unanswered Questions in Flame Retardanceof Polymers”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 88(1), pp: 13-19.
12. Mohsin, M., Quatab, H. G., Sarwar, N., Ramzan, N., & Ahmad, S. W. ,2017,“Synthesis of Halogen and Formaldehyde Free Bio Based Fire Retardant For Cotton”. IndustriaTextila, 68(3), pp: 221.
13. Ozcan, G., Dayioglu, H., &Candan, C. ,2004, “Impact of Finishing Processes on Flame Resistance of Knitted Fabric”. Textile Research Journal, 74(6), pp: 490-496.
14. Ömeroğullari, Z., &Kut, D.,2011,“Investigation of Burning Behavior of Polyester Fabric with Using Natural Structured Flame Retardant Agent”. Journal of Textile & Apparel/TekstilveKonfeksiyon, 21(4). v.4, pp: 364-368.
15. Reddy, P. R. S., Agathian, G., & Kumar, A.,2005,“Ionizing Radiation Graft Polymerized and Modified Flame Retardant Cotton Fabric”. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 72(4), pp: 511-516.
16. Salmeia, K. A., Jovic, M., Ragaisiene, A., Rukuiziene, Z., Milasius, R., Mikucioniene, D., &Gaan, S.,2016,“Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy”. Polymers, 8(8), pp: 293.
17. Schindler, W. D., & Hauser, P. J. ,2004,“Chemical Finishing of Textiles”. Elsevier.
18. Tsafack, M. J., &Levalois-Grützmacher, J., 2006, “Flame Retardancyof Cotton Textiles By Plasma-Induced Graft-Polymerization (PIGP)”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 201(6), pp: 2599-2610.
19. Tomak, E. D., &Cavdar, A. D. ,2013,“Limited Oxygen Index Levels of Impregnated Scots Pine Wood”. ThermochimicaActa, 573, pp: 181-185.
20. Ugur, Ş. S., Sariişik, M., &Aktaş, A. H. ,2010,“The Fabrication of Nanocomposite Thin Films With TIO2 Nanoparticles By The Layer-By-Layer Deposition Method For Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics”. Nanotechnology, 21(32), pp:325-603.
21. Weil, E. D., &Levchik, S. V. ,2008,“Flame Retardants In Commercial Use or Development For Textiles”. Journal of Fire Sciences, 26(3), pp: 243-281.
22. Wu, W., & Yang, C. Q. 2006,“Comparison of Different Reactive Organophosphorus Flame Retardant Agents for Cotton: Part I. The Bonding of the Flame Retardant Agents to Cotton”. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91(11), pp: 2541-2548.
23. Yang, C. Q., & Wu, W.,2003, “Combination of a Hydroxy‐Functional Organophosphorus Oligomer and A Multifunctional Carboxylic Acid As A Flame Retardant Finishing System For Cotton: Part II. Formation of Calcium Salt DuringLaundering”. Fire and Materials, 27(5), pp: 239-251.
24. Yang, C. Q., &Qiu, X., 2007, “Flame‐Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fleece Fabric: Part I. The Use Of A Hydroxy‐Functional Organophosphorus Oligomer and Dimethyloldihydroxylethyleneurea”. Fire and materials, 31(1), pp: 67-81.
25. Zhang, X., Yang, W., & Dong, C., 2013,“Levoglucosan Formation Mechanisms During Cellulose Pyrolysis”. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 104, pp: 19-27.
26. Özdoğan, E., Korkmaz, A., &Seventekin, N., 2007,“Eko-Teksve AB çevre Etiketi”.Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon Dergisi 3(1), pp:148-152.

There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Wearable Materials
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Zeynep Omerogullari Basyigit Dilek Kut This is me
Publication Date	December 29, 2018
Submission Date	January 18, 2018
Acceptance Date	May 16, 2018
Published in Issue	Year 2018 Volume: 28 Issue: 4

Cite

APA	Omerogullari Basyigit, Z., & Kut, D. (2018). FORMALDEHYDE-FREE AND HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANT FINISHING ON COTTON FABRIC. Textile and Apparel, 28(4), 287-293. https://doi.org/10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.482884

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