Green Sorbitol- and Isosorbide-Based Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Isosorbide Based Flame Retardant
2.3. Synthesis of Sorbitol-Based Flame Retardant
2.4. Finishing Cotton Fabrics
2.5. Characterisation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structural Characterisation of Sorbitol, Isosorbide and the Modified Analogues
3.2. Thermal Degradation Behavior
3.3. Cone Calorimetry
3.4. Burning Behavior
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Surface Ignition | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Afterflame (s) | Afterglow (s) | Flaming/Molten Debris | Flame on Edge | Hole on Edge | Hole Formed |
Cotton | 63 | 1073 | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Cotton + 40% modified isosorbide | 0 | 0 | no | no | no | no |
Cotton + 40% modified sorbitol | 0 | 0 | no | no | no | no |
Edge ignition | ||||||
Sample | Afterflame (s) | Afterglow (s) | Flaming/molten debris | Flame on edge | ||
Cotton + 30% modified isosorbide | 0 | 0 | no | no | ||
Cotton + 40% modified isosorbide | 0 | 0 | no | no | ||
Cotton + 40% modified sorbitol | 0 | 0 | no | no |
Surface Ignition | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Afterflame (s) | Afterglow (s) | Flaming/Molten Debris | Flame on Edge | Hole on Edge | Hole Formed |
Cotton | 145 | 23 | no | yes | yes | yes |
Cotton + 40% modified isosorbide | 15 | 12 | no | no | no | no |
Cotton + 40% modified sorbitol | 11 | 18 | no | no | no | no |
Edge ignition | ||||||
Sample | Afterflame (s) | Afterglow (s) | Flaming/molten debris | Flame on edge | ||
Cotton | 27 | 21 | no | yes | ||
Cotton + 40% modified isosorbide | 13 | 11 | no | no | ||
Cotton + 40% modified sorbitol | 4 | 18 | no | no |
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De Smet, D.; Wéry, M.; Bader, M.; Stachel, I.; Meyer, M.; Vanneste, M. Green Sorbitol- and Isosorbide-Based Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics. Materials 2021, 14, 6375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216375
De Smet D, Wéry M, Bader M, Stachel I, Meyer M, Vanneste M. Green Sorbitol- and Isosorbide-Based Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics. Materials. 2021; 14(21):6375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216375
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Smet, David, Madeleine Wéry, Miriam Bader, Ines Stachel, Michael Meyer, and Myriam Vanneste. 2021. "Green Sorbitol- and Isosorbide-Based Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics" Materials 14, no. 21: 6375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216375