Review
Haptic display for virtual reality: progress and challenges

https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.2096-5796.2019.0008Get rights and content
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Abstract

Immersion, interaction, and imagination are three features of virtual reality (VR). Existing VR systems possess fairly realistic visual and auditory feedbacks, and however, are poor with haptic feedback, by means of which human can perceive the physical world via abundant haptic properties. Haptic display is an interface aiming to enable bilateral signal communications between human and computer, and thus to greatly enhance the immersion and interaction of VR systems. This paper surveys the paradigm shift of haptic display occurred in the past 30 years, which is classified into three stages, including desktop haptics, surface haptics, and wearable haptics. The driving forces, key technologies and typical applications in each stage are critically reviewed. Toward the future high-fidelity VR interaction, research challenges are highlighted concerning handheld haptic device, multimodal haptic device, and high fidelity haptic rendering. In the end, the importance of understanding human haptic perception for designing effective haptic devices is addressed.

Keywords

Haptic display
Virtual reality
Desktop haptics
Surface haptics
Wearable haptics
Multimodal haptics

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Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2017YFB1002803); the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grants (61572055, 61633004).