结构疲劳百年研究的回顾与展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.06.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 疲劳是机械结构最普遍的失效模式之一。自1854年第一次提出“Fatigue”(疲劳)概念以来，相关研究已有160余年的历程，逐步形成了以疲劳研究为基础的机械结构强度理论与技术，推动机械结构从经验设计走向安全设计。本文回顾了结构疲劳研究的缘起及发展历程，总结了典型失效案例对疲劳基础研究的促进作用和里程碑式成果，基于文献统计分析了最近50年本领域的代表性进展、研究热点与发展趋势。研究表明，尽管经历了百余年的不懈努力，疲劳极限、损伤易感基因、裂尖主控机制、蠕变-疲劳交互和安全系数的物理本质等仍是困扰人们的难题。数据科学和大数据技术的兴起，为突破数据驱动的疲劳寿命预测方法、诠释疲劳损伤物理机制和建立极端条件下的高端装备疲劳可靠性设计技术提供了新的途径。

关键词: 疲劳, 断裂, 蠕变, 损伤机制, 寿命预测, 结构设计

Abstract: As one of the most common failure modes of mechanical structures, fatigue has been researched for more than 160 years since the term “fatigue” was first proposed in 1854, and the fatigue knowledge has laid a solid foundation for theory and modern technology in mechanical strength areas, and has promoted structural design from experience to safety concept. The paper presented a retrospect on the origin and development, and a summary of the milestones achieved in fatigue research that was driven by typical engineering failure cases. A thorough literature data mining was carried out to illustrate the highlighted achievements, hot topics, and new research trends in the past 50 years. The work showed that the fatigue limit, microstructural genetics, crack-tip driving force, creep-fatigue interaction, and safety factor, were still difficult topics to be solved, though explored for century-long period. The work also indicates that, the emergence of data science and big data technology can provide new pathways to make breakthroughs and establishments in data-driven fatigue life prediction, physical mechanisms of fatigue damage interpretation, and fatigue reliability design of high-end equipment at extreme working conditions.

Key words: fatigue, fracture, creep, damage mechanisms, life prediction, structural design

中图分类号:

TG115

轩福贞, 朱明亮, 王国彪. 结构疲劳百年研究的回顾与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(6): 26-51.

XUAN Fuzhen, ZHU Mingliang, WANG Guobiao. Retrospect and Prospect on Century-long Research of Structural Fatigue[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(6): 26-51.

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