Thermal Based Process Monitoring for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)

Dieter Tyralla; Thomas Seefeld

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1161.123

Paper Titles

DoE Applied to Thermal Analysis and Simulation of Geometrical Stability of a Wind Turbine Blade Made by Selective Laser Melting
p.65

Simulation Aided Process Development with Multi-Spot Strategies in Laser Powder-Bed Fusion
p.75

Microstructural and Mechanical Analysis of High-Performance Parts Produced by Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Powder LMD on Forged Base Components
p.85

Investigating the Reproducibility of the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process
p.95

Laser Metal Deposition of Fe- and Co-Based Shape-Memory Alloys
p.105

Influence of Machine Parameters on Ti-6Al-4V Small Sized Specimens Made by Laser Metal Powder Deposition
p.113

Thermal Based Process Monitoring for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)
p.123

Challenges and Approaches for Metrology of Additive Manufactured Lattice Structures by Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography
p.131

A Data Driven Approach to the Online Monitoring of the Additive Manufacturing Process
p.137

HomeAdvanced Materials ResearchAdvanced Materials Research Vol. 1161Thermal Based Process Monitoring for Laser Powder...

Thermal Based Process Monitoring for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)

Abstract:

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a frequently used manufacturing process due to its advantages in lightweight construction, design possibilities and functionalization of geometry. However, the printed parts will often have to undergo time and cost expensive non-destructive testing by sophisticated methods like X-CT. Thus, there is a strong demand to identify suitable online process monitoring techniques that allow to reduce or substitute post-process NDT effort. The temperature field reacts sensitively to deviations during processing, thus online temperature monitoring is a promising approach. In the present work a spatially resolved temperature measurement, based on 2-channel-pyrometry, is used for process monitoring in LPBF. The camera system is coaxially integrated into the beam guidance of the LPBF system. The coaxial observation enables a lateral resolution better than 10 μm over the whole build-up area of 250 x 250 mm2. Single tracks were welded with different parameters and observed by the camera system to identify thermal indicators. Metallographic cross-sections of the tracks were compared with the melt pool width measured by the online observation system. The deviation was ca. 3 %. In addition, cubes of 10 mm by 10 mm by 10 mm are built up. The melt pool area is identified as useful indicator for the process behavior and for the first time the assessment of part density is demonstrated in LPBF during process by the help of a thermal monitoring system.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Materials Science and Technology of Additive Manufacturing

View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1161)

Pages:

123-130

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1161.123

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

March 2021

Authors:

Dieter Tyralla*, Thomas Seefeld

Keywords:

Additive Manufacturing, Chromatic Aberration, Coaxial Observation, Emissivity, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), Process Monitoring, Temperature Measurement

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions:

Request Permissions

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] Plessis, A.;Sperling, P.; Beerlink, A., Tshabalala, L.; Hoosain, S.; Mathe, N.; Roux, S.: Standard method for micro CT-based additive manufacturing quality control 2: Density measurement, MethodsX 5, 2018, 1117-1123.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.09.006

Google Scholar

[2] Poprawe, R.: Lasertechnik für die Fertigung, Grundlagen, Perspektiven und Beispiele für den innovativen Ingenieur, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2005).

Google Scholar

[3] Islam, M., Purtonen, T., Piili, H., Salminen, A., Nyrhila, O.: Temperature profile and imaging analysis of laser additive manufacturing of stainless steel, Physics Procedia 41 (2013) 835 – 842.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.156

Google Scholar

[4] Furumoto, T., Alkahari, M., Ueda, T., Aziz, M., Hosokawa, A.: Monitoring of laser consolidation process of metal powder with high speed video camera, Physics Procedia 39, 2012, 760 – 766.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.098

Google Scholar

[5] Chivel, Y.: Optical in-process temperature monitoring of selective laser melting, Physics Procedia 41, 2013, 904-910.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.165

Google Scholar

[6] Krauss, H., Zeugner, T., Zach, M.: Layerwise Monitoring of the Selective Laser Melting Process by Thermography, Physics Procedia 56, 2014, 64 – 71.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.097

Google Scholar

[7] Chivel, Y, Smurov, I.: Temperature Monitoring and Overhang Layers Problem, Physics Procedia 12, 2011, 691–696.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.086

Google Scholar

[8] Furumoto, T., Ueda, T., Alkahari, M., Hosokawa, A.: Investigation of laser consolidation process for metal powder by two-color pyrometer and high-speed video camera, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology 62, 2013, 223–226.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2013.03.032

Google Scholar

[9] Pavlov, M., Doubenskaia, M., Smurov, I.: Pyrometric analysis of thermal processes in SLM technology, Physics Procedia 5, 2010, 523–531.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2010.08.080

Google Scholar

[10] Bi, G.; Sun, C.N.; Gasser, A.: Study on influential factors for process monitoring and control in laser aided additive manufacturing, Journal of Mat. Processing Techn. 213, 2013, 463– 468.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.10.006

Google Scholar

[11] Bernhard, F.: Handbuch der Technischen Temperaturmessung, 2. Aufl., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2014).

Google Scholar

[12] Köhler, H.; Jayaraman, V.; Brosch, D.; Hutter, F.X.; Seefeld, T.: A novel thermal sensor applied for laser materials processing, Lasers in Manufacturing (LIM13), Phys. Proc. 41, 2013, 495-501.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.107

Google Scholar

[13] Volpp, J.; Hohenäcker, V.; Tyralla, D.; Freiße, H.; Brocke, N.; Silze, F.; Schnick, M.; Thomy, C.: Observing melt pool temperature fields for process characterization, Lasers in Manufacturing (LIM17), 2017, 1-10.

Google Scholar

[14] Goecke, S.-F., Seefeld, Th., Tyralla,D., Krug, A.: Monitoring and Control of the Heat Input in MAG-Laser-Hybrid Welding of High Strength Steel in Telescopic Crane Booms, Proc. Of 15th International Conf. on Automation and engineering, 2019, 1744-1747,.

DOI: 10.1109/coase.2019.8843219

Google Scholar