REVIEWS
"One of the most dramatic changes to universities in recent decades has been a much greater emphasis on their role in transferring and helping to exploit new technology for the purposes of innovation. In this book, three of the world’s leading experts on academic entrepreneurship have brought together the latest studies and insights from eminent scholars around the world. The findings represent essential reading for university managers and science policy makers as well as all those interested in innovation and entrepreneurship."
— Ben R. Martin, professor, University of Sussex
“This handbook, which is edited by three world-renowned academic experts on university technology transfer and academic entrepreneurship, provides valuable tools unavailable anywhere else. Each of the articles provides unique insights into the current state of the art in this field. This book will be of interest to both practitioners and academic scholars alike.”
— Martin Kenney, professor, University of California, Davis, and senior project director, Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy
"This Handbook, edited by Link, Siegel, and Wright, paints a vivid, data-driven, historically underpinned, and yet thoroughly modern view of the complexities, challenges, and potential of creating commercial and societal value from early stage university research. This is a must read—and a critical reference tool—for technology transfer practitioners, policy experts, investors, entrepreneurs, and other key players in the innovation ecosystem."
— Mark Crowell, executive director of University of Virginia Innovation
“In the great University of Chicago Press tradition of foundational handbooks, the new Chicago Handbook of University Technology Transfer and Academic Entrepreneurship by Link, Siegel, and Wright outlines and defines the basic tools, mechanisms, and issues associated with university technology transfer and provides the reader with a solid academic and analytical platform from which to make planning and design decisions or assessments. In doing so, the editors provide a foundational understanding of this new late-twentieth- to early-twenty-first-century role and function of the research university. The Handbook outlines and defines the basic tools, mechanisms, and issues associated with university technology transfer and provides the reader with a solid academic and analytical platform from which to make planning and design decisions or assessments.”
— Michael M. Crow, president, Arizona State University
“An invaluable collection of insights from some of the greatest minds on the subject of tech transfer. This is an important, timely volume—the definitive resource for research university leaders and staff, whose institutions are stepping up and pushing academic entrepreneurship to ever greater heights in service of our citizenry.”
— Nancy L. Zimpher, chancellor, The State University of New York
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Editors’ Introduction / Albert N. Link, Donald S. Siegel, and Mike Wright
Chapter 1. University Technology Transfer Offices, Licensing, and Start-Ups / Donald S. Siegel and Mike Wright - Donald S. Siegel, Mike Wright
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0001
[technology transfer offices, entrepreneurship, intellectual property, start-ups]
The recent increase in commercialization of university intellectual property in the United States and Europe has important policy implications. Recent studies of the antecedents and consequences of these activities are reviewed and lessons learned for policymakers are offered. The key conclusion is that universities and regions must formulate a coherent and feasible technology transfer strategy. (pages 1 - 40)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
Chapter 2. Open Science and Open Innovation: Sourcing Knowledge from Universities / Markus Perkmann and Joel West - Markus Perkmann, Joel West
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0002
[open science, open innovation, research partnerships, intellectual property]
This chapter examines the role of open science and open innovation in the sourcing of knowledge by firms, through interactions with universities. Three main modes of such interaction are identified: IP licensing, research services, and research partnerships. These interactions highlight the importance of relationship-based modes of interaction. Some of these relationship-based interactions enable appropriation via intellectual property rights, while others are more aligned with the norms of open science and create benefits for firms by generating basic knowledge, creating skills and enabling follow-on innovation. (pages 41 - 74)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
Chapter 3. Accountability, Government Rights, and the Public Interest: A Thirty-Year Retrospective / Arti Rai and Bhaven Sampat - Arti Rai, Bhaven Sampat
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0003
[Bayh-Dole Act, reporting, compliance, patents, drugs]
This chapter examines the public interest provisions of the Bayh-Dole Act. A key aspect of protecting the public interest, in terms of this legislation, was a set of compliance and reporting provisions. These include the requirements to disclose government interests in federally funded patents and to report these patents to funding agencies. There have been few studies of compliance with these provisions and this chapter seeks to fill this gap. Evidence is offered on noncompliance in the biomedical area and in drug development. (pages 75 - 96)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
Chapter 4. An Entrepreneur’s Guide to the University / Fiona Murray and Julian Kolev - Fiona Murray, Julian Kolev
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0004
[university, entrepreneur, Bayh-Dole Act, technology transfer office]
The questions addressed in this chapter are: How can entrepreneurs engage effectively with universities to translate novel advances in science and engineering from idea to impact? What are the legal rules shaping their engagement, what are the local rules and norms that entrepreneurs must understand? What incentives and expectations guide faculty attitudes towards entrepreneurs? This chapter answers these questions by examining the topic of technology transfer, not from the traditional perspective of the faculty member or technology transfer officer, but rather from the perspective of the entrepreneur. (pages 97 - 137)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
Chapter 5. Challenges in University Technology Transfer and the Promising Role of Entrepreneurship Education / Andrew Nelson and Thomas Byers - Andrew Nelson, Thomas Byers
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0005
[Start-ups, university spinouts, technology transfer, research commercialization, entrepreneurship education, management education]
This chapter outlines the many challenges that confront efforts to commercialize university technologies via spinouts or startups. It also considers the role of entrepreneurship education in relation to these challenges. We begin by contextualizing the role of startups vis-à-vis other mechanisms in the commercialization of university research. We then outline the resource requirements for successful startups, including financial resources; facilities; specialized equipment; and people, including potential managers, team members, board members and advisors. Next, we consider the role ofentrepreneurship education in addressing these resource requirements and, drawing upon an extensive literature review, we elaborate on best practices for entrepreneurship education in terms of audience, curriculum, and external engagement. Finally, we highlight a number of important distinctions between entrepreneurship education and technology transfer, and we propose a set of questions that can aid programs in assessing the relationship between these areas. Ultimately, we point to a number of ways by which entrepreneurship education can enhance technology transfer, but we caution against excessively close relationships and the cooptation of entrepreneurship education for technology transfer aims. (pages 138 - 167)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
Chapter 6. Research, Science, and Technology Parks: Vehicles for Technology Transfer / Albert N. Link and John T. Scott - Albert N. Link, John T. Scott
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0006
[research, science, technology parks, university technology transfer]
This chapter reviews the literature on knowledge and technology transfer at research, science, and technology (R-S-T) parks and considers the public policy implications of such findings. The authors conclude that successful two-way knowledge flows between universities and industry are a key ingredient of a “national innovation system” and that R-S-T parks play a significant role in stimulating such flows. However, it is noted that parks are not a sine qua non of these knowledge flows. The authors suggest that while R-S-T parks fall under the broader category of an effective educational system, they warrant a higher status in future, as technological life cycles continue to shorten and as basic research at universities and applied research/development in industry become more intertwined. (pages 168 - 187)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
Chapter 7. University Patenting in Europe: Does Faculty Ownership of Intellectual Property Impede University Technology Transfer? / David Audretsch and Devrim Göktepe-Hultén - David Audretsch, Devrim Göktepe-Hultén
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0007
[professor’s privilege, patents, technology transfer offices, research, intellectual property]
The chapter assesses the consequences of the professors' privilege in Europe, which refers to faculty, rather than their university, ownership of intellectual property. The authors conclude that this type of intellectual property regime has stimulated informal university technology transfer and induced many academics to circumvent the university technology transfer office. The authors also report that while there are appropriate controls for different ownership structures in Europe and the U.S., the European academic system seems to perform much better in the area of technology transfer than previously believed. (pages 188 - 217)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
Chapter 8. The Transition toward Entrepreneurial Universities: An Assessment of Academic Entrepreneurship in Italy / Nicola Baldini, Riccardo Fini, and Rosa Grimaldi - Nicola Baldini, Riccardo Fini, Rosa Grimaldi
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0008
[STEM, Institutions, technology transfer offices, academic entrepreneurship]
This chapter considers recent changes in the Italian university systems, which were designed to stimulate academic entrepreneurship. Changes in the context of similar trends taking place in other European countries during the same period are described. The Italian case shows the on-going effort that national government and academic institutions have been devoting to enhance the successful commercialization of academic research. Specifically, the authors analyze differences in academic entrepreneurship generated by the 64 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematical universities in Italy during the last decade. The authors also assess the impact of normative and structural support mechanisms on the universities' ability to engage with the market. Policy implications of these findings are also considered. (pages 218 - 244)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
Chapter 9. Northeastern University: A Study of Technology Transfer and the Academic Entrepreneur / Tucker J. Marion, Denise Dunlap, and John H. Friar - Tucker J. Marion, Denise Dunlap, John H. Friar
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.003.0009
[academic entrepreneurs, university technology transfer, entrepreneurship, patents]
This chapter considers academic entrepreneurship at Northeastern University. Based on an empirical analysis of the entrepreneurial outcomes associated with 400 invention disclosures, the authors find that faculty patenting productivity is positively related to certain entrepreneurial characteristics. The authors also find that an academic inventor's entrepreneurial experience and inclination towards commercialization have the strongest effect on their likelihood of forming a new venture. The results indicate the key determinants of successfully forming a university spin-out are the level of experience of the faculty member and participation in an industry sponsored research agreement. (pages 245 - 284)
This chapter is available at:
https://academic.oup.com/chica...
List of Contributors
Index
