Power in Concert The Nineteenth-Century Origins of Global Governance
by Jennifer Mitzen
University of Chicago Press, 2013
Cloth: 978-0-226-06008-8 | Paper: 978-0-226-06011-8 | Electronic: 978-0-226-06025-5
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226060255.001.0001
ABOUT THIS BOOKAUTHOR BIOGRAPHYREVIEWSTABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS BOOK

How states cooperate in the absence of a sovereign power is a perennial question in international relations. With Power in Concert, Jennifer Mitzen argues that global governance is more than just the cooperation of states under anarchy: it is the formation and maintenance of collective intentions, or joint commitments among states to address problems together. The key mechanism through which these intentions are sustained is face-to-face diplomacy, which keeps states’ obligations to one another salient and helps them solve problems on a day-to-day basis.

Mitzen argues that the origins of this practice lie in the Concert of Europe, an informal agreement among five European states in the wake of the Napoleonic wars to reduce the possibility of recurrence, which first institutionalized the practice of jointly managing the balance of power. Through the Concert’s many successes, she shows that the words and actions of state leaders in public forums contributed to collective self-restraint and a commitment to problem solving—and at a time when communication was considerably more difficult than it is today. Despite the Concert’s eventual breakdown, the practice it introduced—of face to face diplomacy as a mode of joint problem solving—survived and is the basis of global governance today.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Jennifer Mitzen is associate professor of political science at Ohio State University.

REVIEWS

Power in Concert offers a sophisticated theoretical argument about the origins of international cooperation and speaks to some of the liveliest and most important debates in the field—debates about sources of international cooperation and changing state interests and strategies. Jennifer Mitzen has written an important book that will have far-reaching implications in international relations and the study of global governance.”
— Martha Finnemore, George Washington University

“Jennifer Mitzen has written an essential book in International Relations (IR) theory, which will change the way we think about the power of words and international authority. While the book’s specific theoretical subject is the emergence of global governance during the Concert of Europe, Mitzen’s theory on the establishment of international public power by collective intentionality and talk in public forums is generalizable to other times, places, and subjects. The theory not only challenges and complements liberal, constructivist, and English school IR theories, but also suggests how to build bridges between these approaches.”

— Emanuel Adler, University of Toronto

Power in Concert is the best sort of scholarship. It makes a bold, original, theoretical statement, convincingly arguing that global governance can be a product of a ‘visible hand’ that is characterized by collective intentionality, a public purpose, and a reasoning disciplined by a public. It is clearly written and demonstrates, historically, why the Concert of Europe, one of the world’s first instances of global governance, can be fruitfully approached with this alternative lens. And, critically, it shows the power of the argument to illuminate not just history, but also the present. Highly recommended for scholars of international relations theory and all students of global governance.”
— Michael Barnett, author of Empire of Humanity: A History of Humanitarianism

“Mitzen argues in her superb book that peace may very well be attainable through international institutions. . . . Her argument unveils a new mechanism by which states cooperate, namely the pursuit of a common goal to which all cooperating states commit themselves and which becomes effective through public discourse. . . . Mitzen's book represents the best among current international relations scholarship: a key question is directly addressed, an innovative theory is proposed, and the theory is persuasively and elegantly defended, while remaining, despite the argument's complexity, accessible to a wide audience. . . . Highly recommended.”
— Choice

"Power in Concert contain[s] important insights into a key period in the formation of modern international order, introducing themes that will be of wide-ranging interest: the rights and wrongs of intervention, the legalized hegemony that lies at the heart of international governance, dynamics of revolution and counter-revolution, and more. In this way, [the book] shine[s] a light on a theme that should be fundamental to IR, but which receives relatively scant scholarly attention: the extent to which IR’s principal dynamics were forged within the nineteenth-century ‘global transformation.’”
— George Lawson, London School of Economics and Political Science, H-DIPLO | ISSF

"Power in Concert aims to extend our understanding of the core role of states and their intentionality in global governance and to 'push back' against the heavy influence of neoliberal thinking in IR scholarship about it. Although at first glance, Mitzen’s book might appear to be yet another study of the Vienna Settlement of 1815 and the Concert of Europe, it is something else altogether. Mitzen has coupled a careful re-examination and analysis of historical accounts with a sophisticated use of the IR literature about collective intentionality to construct her argument about the centrality of concerted international public power to governance. . . . Whereas much of today’s global-governance literature downplays the role of states and the value of forums, Mitzen’s book emphasizes the importance of the international public power that only states can create together."
— Journal of Interdisciplinary History

“Mitzen is right to draw attention to the importance, and the potential, of joint intentionality and of “forum effects” for international politics, and does an excellent job analyzing them.”
— Ethics and International Affairs

TABLE OF CONTENTS

- Jennifer Mitzen
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226060255.003.0001
[international public power, public interest, collective intentionality, Concert of Europe]
This chapter discusses two central concepts—collective intentionality and public—to lay the theoretical groundwork for the framework developed in Chapter 2. It then turns to intentionalities in global governance and explains the rationale behind the Concert of Europe case study for this book. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented. (pages 1 - 29)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Jennifer Mitzen
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226060255.003.0002
[states, governance, collective intentionality, forum effects, speech acts]
This chapter develops the framework for thinking about states governing together, which treats concerting as joint action, a form of collective intentionality. It argues that states govern by jointly committing to do something together and linking their commitment to a forum. When they do this, talking in the forum helps produce collective self-restraint and commitment-consistent behavior. This mechanism is called the forum effects, speech acts and norms of speech that tend to emerge when actors meet in forums. (pages 30 - 63)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Jennifer Mitzen
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226060255.003.0003
[states, international public power, Vienna Settlement, Napoleonic Wars]
This chapter develops the claim that international public power became possible in 1815 with the Vienna Settlement ending the Napoleonic Wars. It first establishes the historical preconditions for states to form a public power together, narrating the rise of international society between Westphalia and Napoleon. It then shows how the Napoleonic Wars marked a turning point. (pages 64 - 101)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Jennifer Mitzen
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226060255.003.0004
[Vienna Settlement, consultation, diplomacy, war]
This chapter argues that the strength of the Vienna Settlement lies in its link to consultation. Their commitment gave each of the five great power signatories the standing to call a meeting, which put every continental crisis potentially under their purview. Tracing the diplomacy of 1820–22 surrounding the Spanish, Neapolitan, and early Greek revolts, it is shown that without the option to meet, war would have been far more likely. (pages 102 - 141)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Jennifer Mitzen
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226060255.003.0005
[Greek revolt, Ottoman Empire, Europe, power diplomacy, Treaty of London, Russo-Turkish War]
This chapter shows how, by constituting the Greek revolt as a public, European problem, the great powers kept their own competition at bay. The chapter is organized as follows. The first section summarizes the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Europe from the eighteenth century to the early nineteenth to establish the Eastern Question as a distinct issue. The second section narrates the “Interlude” from 1823 to 1826, when consensus on the Greek revolt broke down as it became de-linked from the “liberal revolution” frame. The third section turns from chronology to analysis. It traces great power diplomacy from 1827 to 1832, showing how the Treaty of London kept the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29 limited, which allowed the London Conference on Grecian Affairs, a consultation mechanism established in that treaty, to hammer out the details of the new Greek state. (pages 142 - 176)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Jennifer Mitzen
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226060255.003.0006
[diplomacy, Crimean War, Russo-Turkish War, great power war, grouping, balancing]
This chapter takes up the challenge of the Crimean War and reflects on why these states could not work together in the 1850s as they had in the 1820s. It establishes the historical context between Europe and the Porte in the 1840s and 1850s, and then traces the diplomacy, dividing it into two phases: the Russo-Turkish War, which broke out in October 1853, and the great power war, which broke out in March 1854. It shows that at a key moment the diplomatic road forked when the powers faced a choice between grouping—a public strategy—and the private strategy of balancing. (pages 177 - 211)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Jennifer Mitzen
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226060255.003.0007
[diplomacy, great power peace, balance of power, Concert of Europe, global governance]
This chapter considers possible implications for today's current period of great power peace and joint management of the balance of power. Despite the breakdown of the Concert of Europe, its key innovation—face-to-face diplomacy in public—lived on and became standard practice for great power management. It remains the taken-for-granted mode of cooperation and global governance today. (pages 212 - 228)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...