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2023 | Buch

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Liquid Chromatography of Synthetic Polymers

Entropy/Enthalpy Compensation and Critical Conditions

verfasst von: Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Physical Chemistry in Action

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

Inhaltsverzeichnis
insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

Dieses Buch erläutert das besondere Phänomen der Entropie / Enthalpie-Kompensation, das in der Hochleistungs-Flüssigchromatographie (HPLC) von Polymeren stattfindet. Zahlreiche Veröffentlichungen, darunter einige Bücher, widmen sich der molekularen Charakterisierung synthetischer Polymere, Materialien, die gegenwärtig in großen und stetig wachsenden Mengen unter Anwendung von HPLC-Methoden hergestellt werden. Die Kenntnis der molekularen Eigenschaften von Polymeren ist unverzichtbar, nicht nur für ihre richtige Anwendung, sondern auch für ihr Recycling und ihre Sanierung. Polymerwissenschaftler konzentrieren sich im Allgemeinen auf die Synthese und potenzielle Anwendung von Polymeren, während sie einem wichtigen zentralen Bindeglied, ihrer umfassenden Charakterisierung im Kontext der Entwicklung von Struktur-Eigenschafts-Korrelationen, nicht die gebührende Aufmerksamkeit schenken. Diese Lücke zu füllen, ist eines der Ziele des vorliegenden Buches. Der Prozess der Entropie / Enthalpie-Kompensation spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der fortgeschrittenen Methode der Polymercharakterisierung, wie der Flüssigchromatographie unter kritischen Bedingungen, der Eluent-Gradient-Wechselwirkungschromatographie und der Temperaturgradienten-Wechselwirkungschromatographie. Alle Chemiker, die an irgendeinem Aspekt der Polymerwissenschaft arbeiten, werden in diesem Buch eine wertvolle Ressource für die Entwicklung von Korrelationen zwischen Struktur und Eigenschaft finden.
Mit KI übersetzt

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Polymers and Their Complexity
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are multicomponent complex systems having overlapping distributed properties. This chapter focuses on description of these overlapping distributions of molecular properties such as molar mass, chemical composition, functionality, architecture etc. The chapter also enlists the correlation of variations in these distributed molecular properties with their end-use properties along with the separation techniques generally employed for their determination.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 2. Polymers in Solution
Abstract
This chapter is destined for the readers not involved in the research and applications of macromolecular substances. Its purpose is the brief, simplified elucidation of the selected principles and terms, majorly focusing on solubility and behavior of polymers in solution when in contact with porous particles. The specific target group are the readers coming from the field of high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC of low-molecular weight substances.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 3. Liquid Chromatography as a Tool for Determination of Distribution of Polymer Molecular Characteristics
Abstract
In order to assess the distribution of their molecular properties, polymers must be separated. This book is devoted to the methods of polymer separations in solution. This chapter is intended to provide basic concept and a brief theoretical background of polymer HPLC. Discussion is mainly focused on the dominance of either entropic or enthalpic effect on the separation mechanism and their mutual compensation.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 4. Instrumentation for Polymer Liquid Chromatography
Abstract
Due to dissimilar nature of separation for different modes of polymer LC, several additional challenges are posed compared to HPLC of small molecules. This chapter mainly focuses on peculiarities of instrumentation in context of polymer LC. Different parts of a modern state-of-the-art HPLC instrumentation are discussed especially focusing on their applicability and relevance to polymer separations.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 5. Non-exclusion Methods of Polymer Liquid Chromatography
Abstract
In this chapter, a brief discussion of most important polymer LC procedures, which employ the enthalpy-based separation mechanism, generally designated as enthalpic interactions, is provided. As mentioned previously, such methods are often called “interaction polymer liquid chromatography”. The discussion is focused on the basic concept of different mechanisms of polymer separations involving either polymer-mobile phase interactions or polymer-stationary phase interactions.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 6. Conventional Entropy-Controlled Methods of Polymer Liquid Chromatography
Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the polymer LC methods, in which the processes of permeation and exclusion of macromolecules into/from the porous column packing particles play a decisive role. For obvious reasons, we will focus on the size exclusion chromatography, SEC also called gel permeation chromatography. Size exclusion chromatography is not the major focus of the current book. However, due to its importance otherwise and its applications in multi-dimensional chromatographic setup a brief discussion is presented up to necessary details. Special focus of discussion is on less bright sides of SEC.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 7. Entropy/Enthalpy Compensation in Polymer Liquid Chromatography
Abstract
This chapter provides the basic concept of entropy/enthalpy compensation phenomenon operative in polymer LC. History of the development of the methods based on entropy/enthalpy compensation is followed by specific terminology and rational of using these compensation methods for comprehensive characterization of polymers.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 8. Liquid Chromatography at Critical Conditions
Abstract
The most important method of polymer LC based on entropy/enthalpy compensation namely LCCC is comprehensively discussed in this chapter. The detailed discussion focuses on the establishment of the critical conditions, their sensitivity, the working principle, and their recent applications for analysis of complex polymers. The application section is broadly divided into two subsections namely LCCC-SEC and LCCC-IC which are further divided into numerous segments based on the classifications of the analyzed polymer samples. Finally, limitations and opportunities of using LCCC in polymer analysis are critically discussed.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 9. Liquid Chromatography Under Limiting Conditions
Abstract
LCLC is another approach to exploit the phenomenon of entropy/enthalpy compensation. The methods are broadly categorized as “barrier methods”. The working principle based on the nature of the eluent and barrier are critically discussed. The strengths and limitations of these methods in polymers analysis are discussed by taking examples from recent literature. The application section is divided into numerous sub-sections based on the classifications of the analyzed polymer samples.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 10. Eluent Gradient Interaction Chromatography
Abstract
The chapter focuses on phenomenon of entropy/enthalpy compensation during the chromatographic run by continuous change in the mobile phase (eluent) composition. The working principle of the method is followed by a comprehensive discussion on its applications in polymer analysis. The application section is divided into numerous sub-sections based on the classifications of the analyzed polymer samples. Finally, limitations and opportunities of using EGIC in polymer analysis are critically discussed.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 11. Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography
Abstract
The chapter focuses on phenomenon of entropy/enthalpy compensation during the chromatographic run by continuous change in the temperature of the system. The working principle of the method is followed by a comprehensive discussion on its applications in polymer analysis. The application section is divided into numerous sub-sections based on the classifications of the analyzed polymer samples. Finally, limitations and opportunities of using TGIC in polymer analysis are critically discussed.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 12. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography
Abstract
The chapter provides a comprehensive description of possibilities of coupling of different modes of polymer LC. Approaches of two-dimensional analysis are followed by description of the experimental setup for such hyphenations. The application section is broadly divided into two subsections based on the technique used for 2nd dimension analysis such as SEC and IC. The two subsections are further divided into several segments based on the technique used for the first dimensional analysis. Finally, limitations and opportunities of using different approaches of 2d-LC in polymer analysis are critically discussed.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 13. Hyphenation of Liquid Chromatography with Spectroscopy
Abstract
The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art of the hyphenation of polymer LC methods with spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, MS, NMR). Challenges in hyphenation of LC with spectroscopic techniques are individually discussed. Finally, the experimental setup and applications of hyphenation of polymer LC with spectroscopy are discussed by taking representative examples from recent literature.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Chapter 14. Challenges and Opportunities
Abstract
The final chapter of the book summarizes the strengths and limitations of different methods of LC of polymers. Still existing challenges and opportunities are highlighted.
Muhammad Imran Malik, Dusan Berek
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Liquid Chromatography of Synthetic Polymers
verfasst von
Muhammad Imran Malik
Dusan Berek
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-34835-8
Print ISBN
978-3-031-34834-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34835-8

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