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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Literature Review

verfasst von : Michele Schirru

Erschienen in: Development of an Ultrasonic Sensing Technique to Measure Lubricant Viscosity in Engine Journal Bearing In-Situ

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter presents the literature review on liquid viscosity measurement by means of ultrasonic plane waves. The purpose of this review is to provide the knowledge of the current state of the art in ultrasonic plane waves viscometry. Several techniques have been developed to study viscosity with ultrasound. The first part of the literature review analyses these methods. They may be recapped in the following categories: crystal and rod resonators, the speed of sound and attenuation techniques, spectroscopy and the reflectance technique. In this review the advantages, applications and the limitations of each method are analysed. The second part of the literature reports how these techniques have been used to analyse lubricating oils. The review provides also a comparison between the ultrasonic viscometers and the conventional viscometers. Finally, the considerations on the limits of the literature methods are used to point out the direction undertaken in this research to design a novel ultrasonic viscometer for in situ applications in journal bearings.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Background on Ultrasound

Nächstes Kapitel A Novel Ultrasonic Model for Non-Newtonian Fluids

D.R. Augenstein, et al., Method and apparatus for determining the viscosity of a fluid in a container. US Patent Number CA2258329, 1999

S. Bair, et al., Oscillatory and steady shear viscosity: The Cox–Merz rule, superposition, and application to EHL friction. Tribol. Int. 79, 126–131 (2014)

A.J. Barlow, J. Lamb, The visco-elastic behaviour of lubricating oils under cyclic shearing stress. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol 253, no 1272, The Royal Society, 1959

R. Behrends, U. Kaatze, A high frequency shear wave impedance spectrometer for low viscosity liquids. Measur. Sci. Technol. 12(4), 519 (2001)

F. Buiochi, R.T. Higuti, C.M. Furukawa, in Ultrasonic Measurement of Viscosity of Liquids. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, vol. 1, pp. 525–528 (2000)

M.R. Bujard, Method of measuring the dynamic viscosity of a viscous fluid utilizing acoustic transducer. U.S Patent Number 04862384, 1989

F. Cohen-Tenoudji, et al., High temperature ultrasonic viscometer. US Patent Number 4779452. 25 October, 1988

W.P. Cox, E.H. Merz, Correlation of dynamic and steady flow viscosities. J. Polym. Sci. 28(118), 619–622 (1958)CrossRef

D. Dowson, A generalized Reynolds equation for fluid-film lubrication. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 4(2), 159–170 (1962)

A.S. Dukhin, P.J. Goetz, Bulk viscosity and compressibility measurement using acoustic spectroscopy. J. Chem. Phys. 130(12), 124519 (2009)

A. Dyson, Frictional traction and lubricant rheology in elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 266(1170), 1–33 (1970)

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W.A. Farone, et al., Acoustic viscometer and method of determining kinematic viscosity and intrinsic viscosity by propagation of shear waves. U.S. Patent Number 6439034, 2002

E.E. Franco, et al., Viscosity measurement of Newtonian liquids using the complex reflection coefficient. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectri. Freq. Control. 55(10) (2008)

M.S. Greenwood, et al., On-line ultrasonic density sensor for process control of liquids and slurries. Ultrasonics 37(2), 159–171 (1999)

M.S. Greenwood, Self calibrating apparatus and method for ultrasonic determination of fluid properties. U.S. Patent Number CA2479119, 2003

M.S. Greenwood, J.A. Bamberger, Measurement of viscosity and shear wave velocity of a liquid or slurry for on-line process control. Ultrasonics 39(9), 623–630 (2002)

R.J. Hinrichs, Method for determining resin viscosity with ultrasonic waves. U.S. Patent Number 4559810, 1985

H. Ju, E.J. Gottlieb, D.R. Augenstein, et al., in An Empirical Method to Estimate the Viscosity of Mineral Oil by Means of Ultrasonic Attenuation. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol 57, no 7, pp. 1612–1620 (2010)

S. Kasolang, R.S. Dwyer-Joyce, Viscosity measurement in thin lubricant films using shear ultrasonic reflection. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J: J. Eng. Trib. 222(3), 423–429 (2008)

J.J. Kauzlarich, Electronic viscometer. U.S. Patent Number 5571952, 1996

J.O. Kim, H.H. Bau, Instrument for simultaneous measurement of density and viscosity. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 1111–1115 (1988)CrossRef

J. Lamb, Physical properties of fluid lubricants: rheological and viscoelastic behaviour. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Conf. 182, 293–310 (1967)

H.M. Laun, Prediction of elastic strains of polymer melts in shear and elongation. J. Rheol. 30, 459–501 (1986)CrossRef

W.P. Mason, Viscosity and shear elasticity measurements of liquids by means of shear vibrating crystals. J. Colloid Sci. 3(2), 147–162 (1948)

W. Roth, S. Rich, A New Method for Continuous Viscosity Measurement. General Theory of the Ultra‐Viscoson. J. Appl. Phys. 24(7), 940–950 (1953)CrossRef

V. Shah, K. Balasubramaniam, Effect of viscosity on ultrasound wave reflection from a solid/liquid interface. Ultrasonics 34(8), 817−824 (1996)

V. Sharma, G.H. McKinley, An intriguing empirical rule for computing the first normal stress difference from steady shear viscosity data for concentrated polymer solutions and melts. Rheol. Acta 51(6), 487–495 (2012)

S.H. Sheen, et al., Method for measuring liquid viscosity and ultrasonic viscometer. U.S. Patent Number 5365778, 22 November, 1994

C. Verdier, P.Y Longin, M. Piau, Dynamic shear and compressional behavior of polydimethylsiloxanes: ultrasonic and low frequency characterization. Rheol. Acta 37(3), 234–244 (1998)

J.G. Woodward, A vibrating plate viscometer. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, 147–151 (1953)CrossRef

Y.H. Wen et al., An experimental appraisal of the Cox-Merz rule and Laun’s rule based on bidisperse entangled polystyrene solutions. J. Polym. 45, 8851–8859 (2004)

Titel: Literature Review
verfasst von: Michele Schirru
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Development of an Ultrasonic Sensing Technique to Measure Lubricant Viscosity in Engine Journal Bearing In-Situ
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53407-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-53408-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53408-4_4

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