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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Living Labs: A New Tool for Co-production?

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Abstract

Living Labs are places for real-life test and experimentation where users and experts co-create innovative products and services through an ICT-based collaboration. Founded in the context of private firms, LLs evolved into a policy tool implemented to facilitate service innovation also in the public sector. Furthermore, due to their strong focus on user participation, LLs are now increasingly central in the smart-city strategy of various municipalities such as Barcelona, Helsinki, Tallinn and Birmingham. Citizen creativity, in fact, is an integral part of smart cities and the ‘laboratory dimension’ perfectly fits with this new approach to urban development. Namely, the transformation of the city into a living lab is aimed at supporting the process of policy innovation at the municipal level through local empowerment and the promotion of partnership among enterprises, public administration and citizens. In this respect, LLs can be viewed as a new form of co-production that is a process through which citizens participate in the design and creation of products or services that are less expensive and better tailored to citizens’ needs. Drawing on data related to 59 LLs listed in the database of the European Network of LLs, the paper is aimed at describing the main characteristics of LLs and at examining their strengths and weaknesses as co-production tools.

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Fußnoten
2
See The launch of a European Network of Living LabsCo-creation of innovation in public, private and civic partnership, Press release 8.2.2006, accessed at: https://​ec.​europa.​eu/​digital-single-market/​en/​news/​launch-european-network-living-labs-co-creation-innovation-public-private-and-civic-partnership
 
3
The criteria for selection are: (1) evidence of co-created values from research, development and innovation, (2) values/services offered/provided to LL actors, (3) measures to involve users, (4) reality usage contexts, where the LL runs its operations, (5) user-centricity within the entire service process, (6) full product lifecycle support—capability and maturity, (7) LL covers several entities within value-chain(s), (8) quality of user-driven innovation methods and tools, (9) availability of required technology and/ or test-beds, (10) evidence of expertise gained for LL operations, (11) commitment to open processes, (12) IPR principles supporting capability and openness, (13) openness towards new partners and investors, (14) business-citizens-government partnership: strength and maturity, (15) organisation of LL governance, management and operations, (16) business model for LL sustainability, (17) interest and capacity to be active in EU innovation systems, (18) international networking experience, (19) channels (e.g. web) supporting public visibility and interaction, (20) people/positions dedicated to LL management and operations (see http://​www.​scribd.​com/​doc/​254557130/​ENoLL-9th-Wave-of-Membership-Brochure-2015-pdf).
 
4
Adherent members are organisations that represent a Living Lab, which was duly selected according to ENoLL criteria but that do not pay any membership fee, except an annual administrative fee and have no voting rights in the General Assembly. Executive members are those who pay the annual fee and therefore have the right to vote in the Assembly.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Living Labs: A New Tool for Co-production?
verfasst von
Giorgia Nesti
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44899-2_16