7. Localization

Meaningful engagement in natural resources by the legitimate owners of their national wealth is key. Localization is about national and regional policy initiatives in education that empowers people on a meso level. The macro-economic strategic need is obviously there, and the micro level of tactical HRD mechanisms is a proven system. The problem then is in the middle. The political will to merge the two aspects comes to the fore via institutionalized policy and respect. Norway, a developed country, provides a localization roadmap of the merger between a nation’s natural resources and a national strategic development plan. Any localization initiative, however, must have empowered and actualized outcomes, not merely wish lists or political platitudes, that have engagement of the citizens in their resources at the core and as paramount. Policy then can be used to create educational initiatives and sustainable institutions, as opposed to merely protecting old contractual artifices that protect foreign investors and elites who contracted with them, ignoring impoverished citizens by perpetuating the status quo .