LPO and ROS Production in Rat Brain Exposed to Microwaves: Computational Elucidation of Melatonin in Repair System

It is widely accepted that non-ionizing electromagnetic fields are present in the environment and are alarming as a major pollutant or electro-pollutant for health risk. The present study aimed to investigate the protective measures of melatonin against exposure of microwave radiations. Study also explored the mechanistic correlation among microwave radiation, melatonin and biological effects by computational method. For this, 60-day-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 4/group): sham exposed (control), Melatonin (Mel) treated (2 mg/kg), 2.45 GHz microwave (MWs) exposed and MWs + Mel treated. Exposure took place in Plexiglas cages for 2 h a day for 35 days where, power density (0.2 mW/cm²) and specific absorption rate (SAR-0.14 W/kg) were estimated. Results show that melatonin prevent oxidative damage biochemically by significant decrease (p < 001) the levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. However, exposure of microwave individually shows significant changes in LPO and ROS level. The effective dose of melatonin was validated by in silico method and which reveals the interaction of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) Eenzmyes of Central Nervous System (CNS) with melatonin. Where, AChE showed better interaction with the binding energy of −9.01 kcal/mol and inhibition constant 3.11 uM by comparing with BuChE. These results concluded that the melatonin has strong antioxidative potential against microwave radiation, which could be achieved by an implementation of computational approach.