LTLGB 2012

Increasing environmental awareness has resulted in great interest in supply chain sustainability. Studies have shown that a large proportion of the carbon emission actually comes from the upstream and downstream members of the supply chain, so there is great need to access the greenness of a supply chain as a whole. For example, Wal-Mart found out that 90 % of their carbon emission comes from their suppliers. However, many activities in the supply chain are dependent and thus identifying the carbon emissions from each activity is difficult. To overcome those difficulties, we need to understand the important issues in green supply chains and the state-of-art research. In this talk, I will review various issues in green supply chain design and management and point out some research opportunities.

This paper considers the role that economics can play in integrating the environment, urban planning and transportation. The main challenge in moving towards sustainable development is in developing the holistic framework that integrates the environment, economy, and social stability highlighted in the Brundtland Report of 1987. There is a frequent misunderstanding that economics is purely concerned with the market and with prices in markets; e.g. the setting of transit prices and the financial viability of airlines. This has never been the case, and indeed, much of the current debate about the environment can be found, albeit in the context of the knowledge of the time in economic writings from at least the 1920 s or earlier. The paper highlights some of the contributions that economics can make in the particular case of handing environmental matters when concerned with urban planning and transport. Within this framework we are concerned with matters of social equity as well as narrower, and more traditional notions of efficiency. It will make use of a number of case studies to provide illustrations of where economics has proved useful.

Japan has been building the rail-based transportation system since the modernization of the 19th century. Yet it experienced the motorization starting the early 1970s and has been struggling for the low-carbon transportation system mainly by introducing transportation demand management schemes. The recent car technologies help lower CO

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emission by applying efficient engines, new generation vehicles and ITS.

Municipalities are administrative entities who manage a full set of key elements that are highly relevant to influence the future carbon-carbon footprint in regional contexts. In various approaches all over the world, cities are taking action and share their knowledge systematically. They combine a systematic change and quality management approach with the development of sector-specific tools as well as policy recommendations. A complete new approach in planning technologies will be needed to fully cope with the challenges, rising by the given growth of complexity in future urban developments. Based on cloud computing solutions, integrative planning can be reached by combining the different key layers into one overall approach that allows rapid prototyping and the parametric development of complex environments.

It is very difficult to reduce the energy consumption in domestic and passenger transport sectors, where households make use of various in-home and out-of-home energy-powered appliances (in-home: e.g., refrigerator, air-conditioner, and washing machine; out-of-home: e.g., passenger car and motorcycle) to meet their daily life needs. Decisions on the ownership of energy-powered appliances and the resulting amount of energy consumption are behaviorally interrelated with each other from appliance to appliance, from time to time, from household to household, and from context to context. To explain such complicated behavior phenomenon, various decision-making models have been proposed in different research disciplines, which are usually based on different behavioral assumptions.

The latest release of the ISI Journal Citation Reports (JCR) by Thomson Reuters reported that

IJSTL

secured an impact factor of 1.844: 46/166 in “Management” category, 7/24 in “Transportation” category.

China is a big developing country in the world. There are huge local differences between different areas in China on the conditions of geography, climate, population and on economical and social development. How to consider the Chinese conditions on developing green building in China is discussed in this paper from seven aspects: pay more attention on ordinary houses; energy and CO

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; “green” not be replace by “low carbon”; solar energy; “footprint” and “ecological value of land”; rethinking of Chinese condition “large population and little land”; insist the policy of architecture design: “applicability, economy, and attention to beauty with possible conditions”.

The road transport, as an important part of the whole contemporary transport system, has many advantages such as the flexibility, promptness, good accessibility and so on. However, the contradictions between the traditional development of road transport and natural environment and resource have been apparent. Specifically speaking, there are three aspects: (1) high consumption of resource; (2) land resource wasting; (3) severe pollution. Therefore, the sustainability assessment on transport infrastructures is highly necessary. This paper analyzes four problems of transport infrastructures including natural resource, environment, society and economy, and then a theory of sustainability assessment on transport infrastructures based on the quality and load of transport infrastructures is proposed. The assessment system contains 4 level-one indicators, 14 level-two indicators and 61 assessing criteria. The questionnaire method and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method are used to define the weights of every indicator. Finally, SDI (Sustainable Development Index) is introduced to express the sustainability of the infrastructure evaluated.

Along with the rapid development of the national economy, as well as the increasing of transportation on road, China’s road traffic infrastructure faces major challenges. It has been already widely accepted that it is imperative to protect the environment in the process of road transportation infrastructure construction and further realize the sustainable development of the transportation infrastructure. In this paper, the current situation of China’s road transportation infrastructure is analyzed; and the philosophy and connotation of the sustainable development of road transportation infrastructure is elaborated; at last, the corresponding countermeasures concerning the legal, fiscal and demonstration policies are provided.

This paper aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current status and future trends of energy demand and emissions from transportation sector in China. Firstly, a brief review of the national profile of energy demand and the CO

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emission is presented to serve as background for this study. Secondly, the current status of Chinese transportation sector, including the energy demand and emission for transportation sector and sub-sector, is analyzed. At last, a conclusion summarizes and analyses the findings from the study, with the aim to raise further discussion or research interests in this area. This study serves as a guideline for further investigation and research to implement and improve the transportation sector.

With a computer-aided simulation approach, this research analyzes the change of the traction energy cost intensity of a typically formed Chinese freight train hauled by representative locomotives for different target speeds. It is found that the inter-stop transport distance of a freight train should be longer than 20.00 km to decrease the traction energy cost per unit transport. Moreover, the railway freight transport work should organize heavy load trains hauled by respectively various locomotives with different traction performances which are suitable for different target speeds in view of different inter-stop transport distances.

Shockwave is one of the most complex recurrent traffic flow phenomena on freeway/expressway, whose characteristics are not fully understood. With the field data, we compared the driving behaviors (headways and reaction times) before and during the propagation of shockwaves. The drivers seemed to change their driving strategies when they “recognized” a shockwave, thus a

Fuzzy Logic based Shockwave Recognition Algorithm

was proposed, and last we proposed a shockwave elimination method applying the ideas of the Shockwave Recognition Algorithm and Internet of Things.

This paper proposes a stimulating mechanism for allocating subsidies to urban public transport enterprises. The allocation method is based on data envelopment analysis and the satisfaction degrees of urban public transport enterprises. It first finds the set of subsidy allocation that can keep the Pareto efficient for both the whole urban public transit industry and each urban public transport enterprise to reflect the efficiency principle, and then yields a unique subsidy allocation scheme from the set of subsidy allocations with considering the equity of satisfaction degrees. The allocation mechanism can reflect the market competition regulation on some level and benefit to achieve the goal of Green Transport in urban public transit industry. An example of allocating the subsidy among urban public transport enterprises is illustrated.

In order to lead people to pro-environmental transportation modes, it is necessary to learn about the psychology and behavior of users. Based on the extended theory of planned behavior—incorporating habit, descriptive norm and personal norm, this paper analyzes the relationship between these elements and intention to use bus, and the influence of habit on intention-behavior. The result of survey conducted in Chengdu City reveals different outcomes from previous study, especially for the attitude and perceived behavior control. In addition, the intention to use bus and habit can explain 41.7 % variance of the bus use ratio to the total travel. However, the interaction of habit and intention is insignificant.

Evaluation study on city bicycle rental system plays an extremely important role in the work of the whole city’s transportation. The quality and the service level of the rental system’s construction will influence the effects of citizens’ using it and the improving of the city’s transportation problems. However, there still has not a very independent and perfect evaluation system of the public bicycle rental studies so far in China. Based on the principle of selecting index, this thesis is going to divide the evaluation studies on city bicycle rental system into three index systems, namely the rental network design, infrastructure system and management system, by which it can build a scientific and rational evaluation system. By using the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP), transacting qualitative index into quantitative index, confirming every index weight, finally there could be a bicycle rental system evaluation value after a comprehensive analysis. Also proceeding an empirical study from the applicative angle to verify the practicality and the feasibility of this article’s evaluation theory and method.

This paper starts from green traffic design perspective of the low carbon community; studies the different layers as followed: planning low carbon traffic, constructing the community mode guided by no motor vehicle, encouraging low carbon transport, using environmental protection fuel and road materials; advocating low carbon traffic etc. The intention of this paper is to develop low carbon life style for city community, to reduce carbon emissions of overall city, and create a healthy, comfortable life environment for the residents.

Low-carbon tourism is gradually emerging currently, which caused Extensive attention by the government, academia and society. However, study of low-carbon tourism is still in initial stage. On the basis of reviewing of research progress at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the necessity and realistic foundation of China’s development of low-carbon tourism, and finally countermeasures are proposed to promote the development of low-carbon tourism in our country.

Vehicle exhaust emission is one of the main factors which cause global warming. Low-carbon transport should be developed without delay to mitigate global warming. This paper discusses the effect of tax policy adjustment on private vehicle ownership, that is, how tax policy adjustment guide private car consumption and uses, as a result to reduce CO

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emission and promote the development of low-carbon transport. In the paper with system dynamics model, the extent of tax policy adjustment’s effect on private vehicle ownership will be simulated. Finally the important role which vehicle tax policy adjustment plays in the achieving low-carbon transport will be found.

We make economic evaluation for ETC energy saving and emission reduction, Firstly, we analysis the mechanism of ETC energy saving and emission reduction. Secondly, we built an index system to evaluate the effect of ETC energy saving and emission reduction. Finally, we verify the feasibility of the evaluation indexes and evaluation methods proposed in this paper through studying atoll station which using ETC.

Based on the characteristics of Beijing traffic system, a model is built to calculate the energy consumption of urban road and rail transit and emissions of green house gas and their total amounts are calculated. At the same time, the comparison and analysis have been done to the energy consumption per capita per km and carbon dioxide emissions of different transportation means such as rail transit, public electric cars and social cars and so on.

With the concept of green traffic given public traffic get more and more attention from the people, through the survey data of the public bicycle rental of Jiangyin city it analyzes simply the characteristics of bicycles, and chooses some indexes of the public system to evaluate, such as for the whole system the indexes are analyzed by quantitative and weight quantitative, for the facilities of system consider the indexes from the utilization and the accessibility.

As an important part in the industrial chain of the Internet of Things (IOT), Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has been recognized as one of the priority sectors that IOT fells on the practical application successfully, and it is also the best starting point for government to create wisdom cities through IOT. We analyze the operation law and architecture of IOT, and put forward demands for urban ITS theory and technology on the Internet of Things. Then we combine with the existing urban ITS architecture and the IOT’s architecture features, and establish urban ITS architecture based on the Internet of Things.

Walking and cycling are important component in the urban transportation, residents’ life and leisure activities, especially in the medium and small cities. Improving the pedestrian and cycling environment is important, and the pedestrian and cycling planning plays an important role in the process. A pedestrian and cycling planning is introduced in this paper, taking Xuancheng, a medium-sized city as an example. Basing on the analysis of the existing conditions and issues of walking and cycling in Xuancheng, and considering the requirement of residents and the visions of upper level plannings, the planning goals including safety, priority and vibrancy are proposed as well as five objects to support these goals. Then, the planning strategies and actions including structure planning, differentiation district control, important district improvement, public transit access and advanced design guidelines are introduced in detail. At last, some suggestions are given to the planning implementation and management.

This paper is to develop an analysis tool to assess the modal shift potential (MSP) of subsidy policy in favor of Sea-Rail Intermodal Transport (SRIT) between Ningbo Port and East Jiangxi province. Based on random utility theory and stated preference (SP) experiments, two disaggregate models, a MMNL model and a MNL model, are established and estimated. Results show that all attributes have the expected sign and the MMNL model outperforms the MNL model. The analysis of MSR under seven scenarios based on MMNL model suggests that giving a subsidy of 400 RMB/TEU to shippers who use SRIT might be the optimal choice for a cost-effective modal shift. The above methodology and results are useful for policy-makers to make freight transport policy, especially the subsidy policy in favor of SRIT.

In this paper, the importance of energy saving on urban railway transportation and inevitability of energy-saving training are emphasized. To improve the energy-saving performance in the process of train operation, we propose a driver training system based on CBTC simulation test platform. In this system, driver’s energy-saving awareness can be strengthened. Besides, an energy-saving strategy, coasting driving, is researched and verified in this system as well. The driver training system with 3D video simulation technology and actual driving platform provides nearly practical driving experience. In this way, drivers get trained in an energy-saving form compared to the traditional form in the field.

Jinan, the capital of Shandong province, is located at coastal regions in east China. It is troubled with large traffic demand as many other cities do. Transport industry has been one large energy consumer, which carbon emission accounts for nearly 10 % of all the industries. In this situation, low-carbon transport with low energy consumption, low CO

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emission and low pollution is an increasing concern. This paper disclosed the relevance between transport and economy in Jinan by grey relational analysis, and described the causal relationship among several factors involved with low-carbon transport system. The making of low-carbon transport system in Jinan was discussed from short term and long term. The former was on the basis of energy saving potential, while the latter was based on scenario analysis. According to Jinan’s target for CO

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emission reduction, two key uncertainties, transport socialization and sustainability, are adopted as the axes to generate four future scenarios. To achieve the fourth scenario in favor of carbon reduction, much propulsive policies about structure adjustment, new energy use and public traffic travel mode have been put forward.

At present, low-carbon problems have become a hot spot at home and abroad, particularly in the field of transportation low-carbon transport is an important part of energy saving and emission reduction. This paper research the low-carbon factors impact on other transport modes in the city, and study the change of various transport modes share rate. A Logit model which is broadly applied in the transportation research was used for the study which selected economy, speed, convenience, comfort, safety and low-carbon as its 6 index. The share rate model of various transport modes is created according to the relevant research data and the maximum likelihood estimation method. Finally, the share rate considering the low-carbon factors are calculated and contrast the share rate value of before and after low-carbon factors.

The comprehensive evaluation index system of highway traffic modernization is established on the basis of the long-term plan for highway energy-saving of China. The AHP-Entropy method is expounded for quantifying the weight of evaluation index. In order to make up for the deficiencies of the present highway traffic modernization evaluation method, the multi-level extensible evaluation model is developed with the extension method as the core. Jiangxi Province is studied as an example, indicating that the new method is applicable to highway traffic modernization evaluation.

Making correct assessment on traffic congestion intensity of road network of the large passenger hub station area, has great significance in improving the traffic condition of the road network and ensuring passengers’ promptly arrival. This paper proposes a hierarchical evaluation method as section-road-network. Firstly, it determines the road section congestion intensity based on microcosmic simulation, then put the road connectivity as the weigh, to develop the weighting models for measuring traffic congestions. Finally, it conducts a case for Beijing South Railway Station by measuring congestion condition of the station area road network.

This paper starts with the phenomenon of urban traffic jam, summaries the existing measures for the governance of urban traffic jam from the perspective of urban residents travel and urban logistics. On the basis of summarizing the plugging measures as well as considering the actual situation of our country, this paper establishes the system dynamics model of the management of urban traffic jam with the method of system dynamics. In the last place, this paper takes Beijing as an example, simulates the effect of the typical plugging measures in Beijing, and reaches the suggestions for China to solve urban traffic jam.

With the advocating of the low-carbon traffic and transportation concept, more and more urban residents choose urban mass as their main travel mode every day. At the same time, development in urban mass transit impels mass lines to a complicated mass network. Based on the urban mass network, this paper aims to discuss how to design and realize an Urban Mass Information Publishing System to mainly publish passenger flow guidance information including urban mass network state information, passenger flow controlling information, operation situation information of first and last train, emergency information, etc. According to the analysis of system business requirements, the system architecture is divided in three layers: presentation layer, business service layer and data layer. The function architecture is also designed based on the requirement analysis. Then we design the business flow and data organization of the system. Finally a demo system is realized as a case application.

Developing low carbon transportation is the inherent requirement of sustainable development of urban transportation, as well as an effective way to deal with the greenhouse effect. After treating the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system as the research object, this paper established an index system of the multiple attribute decision for BRT system by considering low carbon factors, and proposed methods of the BRT system multiple attribute decision making using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory. The case study was conducted on the basis of BRT line 1, line 2 and line 3 in Beijing, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed index system and decision making methods.

During the past 10 years, with the geometric vehicle population growth and subsequent worse road congestion of Beijing, people have got longer travel time and more uncertainty and the speed of vehicles have got evident decrease. As road traffic efficiency drops, the cost of time delay for people increases. People often neglect time cost, but it plays an indispensable role in economics that you can hardly ignore. The externality caused by traffic congestion significantly affects the city’s transportation accessibility and efficiency, ultimately having a negative impact on the sustainable development of society and economy. With the aim to present the externality with the form of currency by quantitative method from the economic point of view, the external costs of congestion are measured by the proposal and accounting of cost of urban congestion based on relatively accurate data. In this thesis, research goals are refined to time cost which is emphasized and analyzed from congestion cost and quantified. Besides, policies and advice for alleviation of road congestion are also provided.

According to the established calculation model for energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Beijing low-carbon transport research, a general calculating software visualizing the whole calculation and providing flexible data input interface was developed. The user can calculate the values of energy consumption and GHG emission of urban road transport and rail transit, and do some scenario analysis through the succinct interface of the software and rich parameters to input. This tool allows the transport agencies to analyze transport policies and evaluate the implication of these policies, the analysis can improve the scientific and rationality of the traffic decision-making and ensure the implementation of green transport goals.

Electric bus has a different energy resource from the traditional one, which makes the traditional bus operating mode unsuitable for the electric one. In consideration of battery state of charge, a single depot and single route vehicle scheduling model of electric bus is built with route and charging time constraints. A case study of Dongguan Songshan Lake National High-tech Industrial Development Zone is presented: Electric bus is selected as operational vehicle, an operational scheme of electric bus is proposed based on field testing data and operational model by Higer KLQ6702EV electric bus.

Transportation demand management is an effective way to realize urban low-carbon transport. The urban vehicle restriction is one of the modes of transportation demand management. However, why, when, and how to start the vehicle restriction are the problems the traffic administrators will meet with. Therefore, in this paper, three criterions are presented, and then are verified by the case of vehicle restriction schemes adopted in Hangzhou to show the significance and effectiveness.

Energy constraints and climate change are being more and more concerned. It is the objective requirement of following the world trend to develop the low-carbon economy vigorously. As the transportation industry is an important section of energy-saving, the low-carbonization of it is inevitable. However, resource-wasting still exists in the construction of traffic infrastructure at present in China. The irrationality of transportation structure results in inefficient use of resources, which opposite to the idea of low-carbon transportation. These problems caused by the discordance between the traffic management system and traffic development limit the advance of low-carbon transportation. This paper argues that it is necessary to build integrated transportation management system to realize the advance of low-carbon transportation, and also put forward ideas and specific suggestions on the establishment of integrated transportation management system.

Establishment of urban low-carbon transportation system is the main means to achieve urban low-carbon transport. Learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries, the construction of urban low-carbon transport system mainly consists of the layout of urban traffic, the public transport system construction, the main optimization of the traveling population, the development of the transport of low-carbon technologies and the improvement of traffic management policies. As to how to realize low-carbon transport, this paper first analyzes the energy consumption and carbon emissions; then it illustrates the concept and connotation of low-carbon transport; then it raises the above five aspects of the construction of urban low-carbon transport system. Finally, based on china national conditions, the paper proposes some suggestions for establishing green transportation system characterized by low-carbon and promoting sustainable urban development.

This paper evaluate the testing bench of AC dynamometer system, the induction machine can run in electro motion and generate electricity status under speed and torque control by direct torque control (DTC). It develops the AC dynamometer system controller based on PXI, and study on the AC dynamometer steady-state control strategy under the rapid prototype method in LabVIEW RT software. It effectively enable to n/P, M/P, n/M and M/n control mode, get ideal control quality by adjusting the PID control parameter, each control mode charge smoothness. Experimental results show that the controller is excellent, and the control performances for engine testing completely satisfied the demand of quality control. It provides the basis for further study on dynamic control of AC dynamometer.

Low-carbon transportation is the trend of development of the sustainable urban transport. With the features as lightweight, flexible, environmentally friendly, and comfortable, bicycle transport has become an important part of the urban low-carbon transport. The article describes the background of low-carbon transportation in Malmö, Sweden, analyzes the status and strategies taken for bicycle travel and proposes problems to be solved and solutions.

Public transportation is an important way to realize the mode of urban low-carbon transportation. Reasonable design and planning of urban complex will effectively organize as well as integrate regional public transportation. And it could also achieve low-carbon travel of urban residents on the premise of comfortableness and convenience. The article took cities of Shenzhen and HongKong as examples, and discussed planning and design of urban complex oriented by low-carbon transportation.

Particle size partition plays a key role in the optimization of historical database precision and data storage space. When establishing the historical database of traffic information for floating car systems, proper size of data storage particle can optimize data precision and storage space simultaneously and gives minimum comprehensive cost. This paper proposes a data storage particle size optimization model, which tries to balance data precision as well as data storage space for floating car systems. Furthermore, the proposed data storage particle size optimization model is executed in Beijing case study. The results show that the data storage particle size is 35 min at night while 10 min in the day under the given constraints of minimum cost of data precision and storage space, which is consistent with the real traffic condition and application requirement.

Urban traffic congestion is increasing seriously, the arterial coordination control is an effective way to improve the smooth of arterial road. This paper designs an arterial double green waves coordination control method, which divides the arterial road into two coordination control sections bases on traffic flow, and redistributes the traffic flow in time and space according to phase offsets cooperative setting. This method can make traffic flow run smoothly on arterial road and improve the traffic condition of arterial road. Taking Ronghua Road in Beijing as an example, this paper simulates and analyzes the arterial double green waves coordination control scheme based on the microscopic traffic simulation software VISSIM. The results show that after optimizing, the traffic delay of the arterial road is decreased, and queue spillover phenomenon is improved obviously.

Establishing an indicator system is an effective way to find out the exited problems in development low-carbon transport. In this paper, we have analyzed the related principles and established the system of evaluation based on data dependency and principal components analysis (PCA). This system is composed by 23 indicators, taking the core of sustainable development. Based on the index system and weights of index, the paper gives an evaluated level of low-carbon transport in Beijing from 2006 to 2010. The conclusion is that Beijing’s low-carbon transport development level is increasing continuously. Some positive results were achieved form public infrastructure construction, improving ecological environment and upgrading the industrial structure. But there are still some shortcomings, such as decline in bicycle riding, traffic jams and insufficient investment in assets, which reduce the overall level of the low-carbon transport.

In order to help drivers get traffic information more easily and accurately, a new regional traffic information disseminating system based on ZigBee and GPRS is introduced in this paper. The system consists of two main components: an Information Sending Device (ISD) fixed on the roadside which sends traffic information as well as an Information Receiving Device (IRD) equipped in vehicles which receives traffic information. Real-time traffic information is sent to ISDs through GPRS network by traffic information management center. Then ISD disseminates the information timely and accurately to IRDs through ZigBee network. At last the traffic information is broadcasted vocally to drivers using Text To Speech (TTS) technology by IRD. The hardware structure and software design are presented respectively. The system is tested in Chegongzhuang Street, Beijing. The test results show that the system works well and drivers can obtain traffic information accurately and timely.

To develop electric vehicle is an approach to increasing the competition of electric vehicles industry, safeguarding energy security and boosting low carbon economy. It is well known that batteries can cause environment problem. Several problems must be solved before electric vehicle technology is applied in large scale. One of the problems is how many batteries should be equipped to meet the demand of certain electric vehicles. In this paper, we have built a batteries consumption model of electric vehicles based on agent. Simulation result shows that the optimum ratio of electric vehicles and lead-acid batteries is 1:2.93 and the optimum ratio of electric vehicles and lithium batteries is 1:1.36 as well. If electric vehicles are equipped with lithium batteries instead of lead-acid batteries, 53.4 % of batteries will be reduced.

This article discussed possible ways of implementing effective energy conservation and GHG emission reduction measures by providing: the forecasts of mid-to-long term city-wide carbon emission rate; and the analysis of potential low-carbon transport solutions. According to the characteristics of the transport system in a metropolitan in China, the comprehensive carbon emission calculation model established in this article includes road traffic and urban rail transit. Existing data were utilized with regression analysis to project the prospective traffic data in the baseline scenario at the target year of 2020 to calculate the emission amount. Four low-carbon scenarios were set in accordance with the goal of “low carbon transportation, green trip”, and the effectiveness of each low-carbon scenario was evaluated by comparing them with the baseline scenario in terms of the respective GHG emission rate. The mode switching that increases the ridership of urban rail transit turned out to be the most effective outcome.

This paper studied the influence of the introduction of carbon trading system to small size highway fright transport companies in China based on cost-benefit analysis. Considering a carbon trading market consists of large number of identically small size companies, where each company is distributed the same amount of carbon credits for free and could sell or buy extra credits from the market. If the market is perfectly competitive, it will reduce the profit of the companies in the long run. The government could regulate the profit indirectly by free carbon credits and penalty for over emission.

With the rapid development of transportation industry and China’s economy, the construction and development of low-carbon transportation system is an important support to the development of low-carbon economy and sustainable economy in China, and is the only way to realize the low-carbon and sustainable development of the transportation of the transportation industry. Based on the existing problems in the transportation system, the article analyses the importance of developing the low-carbon transportation system, and propose measures of establishing the low-carbon transportation system.

Environmentally sustainable transportation becomes an important issue as well for intercity passenger transportation, where modal shifting from energy consuming airline and bus service to energy efficient high speed railway is the most feasible measure. But due to the less flexibility and fixed to locations of railway improvements, strategic redistribution of network-wide demand onto the improving rail lines is required (Okumura and Tsukal 2007). This paper presents an optimal modal-mix planning model in intercity passenger transportation, which aims to design a modal mix network of least CO

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emissions and less total travel time, as well as less intermediate transfer cost, considering feasibility and economical sustainability of the service frequency. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model, which can be numerically solved by general solver programs.

Public bike-rental system is a kind of green, low carbon, economical and convenient city public slow traffic system. In the management mode of government leading and enterprises participating, public bike-rental system’s normal operation depends on close link of capital and liability. It is a large engineering system which needs strict control. Based on the theory of life cycle, this article analyzes and divides the life cycle of public bike-rental system into five stages. Taking example by the experience of the other countries and cities, we put forward the corresponding optimization scheme with the problems in different stages.

With increasingly fast urbanization process, motorization makes urban traffic crowded and air pollution. Considering about environmental protection and trip, the application of bicycle microcirculation system may these problems. This paper analyses the primary condition of bicycle microcirculation system demographically runs in urban by contrasting Hangzhou and Beijing. Government can promote the supply rationalization of bicycle microcirculation system and stimulate demand by funds, policy and technology, thus promotes bicycle microcirculation system demographically dunning in urban.

With the advent of “low carbon” economy, new energy vehicles are increasingly favored by the Chinese government and manufacturers. New energy buses have become an important channel for the promotion of new energy utilizations. Based on the summary of policies, this paper conducts a thorough research on the technology and promotion achievements on new energy buses. We have found that the promotion achievements have difference with plans and gaps exist in different cities. In the paper we discuss the policy efficiency, the correlation between achievements, policies and the influence from oil price. We draw the conclusions that clear direction and detailed plans will enhance the new energy bus promotion and rising oil prices will promote new energy buses as well.

This study aims to examine the factors that influence individual intention towards the adoption of electric vehicles. Questionnaire survey was conducted in public area in Macau. Data collected were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of data analysis show that environmental concern and environmental policy are the antecedent factors of perception of electric vehicles, and that influences customer’s behavioral intension to purchase electric vehicles. This study also finds that perception of benefit is one of the factors that influence the adoption of electric vehicles. Vehicle operators are more sensitive to fuel economy. They are seeking for future long-term fuel savings. Thus, government striving to promote low-carbon transportation needs to scale up its efforts to enhance citizens’ environmental concern, establish proper environmental policy, and provide long-term financial and strategic support for electric vehicles.

Through research and analysis on the status of domestic and international high-speed rail, this paper established the Theoretical Framework of the economic benefits, Social benefits and Synthetical benefits of high-speed railway. And this paper summarized and summed up the factors affecting the efficiency and evaluation methods, and finally got a more standardized evaluation criteria. Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, for instance, has a strong comprehensive benefits. The corresponding conclusions and policy recommendations in this article is below; firstly high-speed rail line that has been put into operation, planning or under construction, should be made the necessary adjustments and evaluation; Secondly, the Government should give different types of subsidies to high-speed rail for different comprehensive benefits; and last, for high-speed rail line, we should give full play to the advantage of high-speed rail such as obtain the largest passenger flow, and increase the transport density.

China is in an important period of the urbanization and the rapid development of urban construction stage, in the backdrop of global climate change, the coordinated development of economy and the environment between the central city and satellite towns facing enormous challenges. In this paper, the case study of Shanghai, the main problems of the current satellite towns transportation planning and construction, from the angle of low-carbon, analysis methods to solve problems, to adapt to the trend of the development of low-carbon transport.

As an important node of three-dimensional development of urban space, rail transportation hub plays a positive role in guiding low-carbon urban construction and intensive development. The construction of rail transit has promoted integration of urban functions of surrounding lots, which can be seen as a catalyst for urban development. Targeted to low-carbon city construction, the paper will analyze main problems of urban rail transport hubs through investigations on urban rail transportation hubs in Beijing, analyze the integration role of rail transit according to catalyst theory, explore and summarize the practices of foreign successful cases, and finally propose solving strategies, hoping to promote the low-carbon development of mega-cities.

In this study, the situations of surface freights and potential demands to be suitable for railway container are analyzed, and the possible predominance ranges of railway in transport cost are estimated by the comparative analysis between railway and truck freight rates in transport distance. Moreover, by a case study, the effects of railway freight transport in the reductions of logistics costs and CO

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emissions, and the savings of energy are derived. Finally, the relevant issues concerning the actual conditions are discussed.

Coal industry occupies a dominant position in our energy supply and consumption, which is directly related to national security, social stability and sustainable development. However, under the environment of low-carbon economy, with resources and environmental problems becoming increasingly prominent, the constraints on economic development are increasingly influencing the stable and healthy development of the industry. Therefore, it requires taking resources and environmental factors into the evaluation index system of the industrial security. Based on the coal industry security factors and principles of indicators system designing, the policy that states to promote energy conservation to achieve the strategic objectives of the low-carbon development, and characteristics of coal industrial development, establish a more systematic, comprehensive evaluation index system of low-carbon development on the coal industry.

Energy security issues related to China’s economic lifeline and livelihood of our people, also of great significance to maintaining world peace and stability and promoting common development. With China’s rapid economic development of China’s energy demand is also increasing year by year in this article mainly analyzes the current development of China’s energy industry, and development issues, and made recommendations on China’s energy development.

Under the targets of low-carbon environment, China solar industry developed fairly fast during the last ten years. However, as an important component of China solar industry, PV industry is facing the most difficult time. This paper analyses the problems along the development of China PV industry and some suggestions for a better development of the industry.

The minimax optimization model proposed in this paper is an important model which has received some attention over the past years. In this paper, the application of minimax model on how to select of distribution center location was first introduced. Then a new algorithm using nonmonotone line search to solve the non-decomposable minimax optimization is proposed. Numerical results show the proposed algorithm is effective.

Finance is the core of modern economy, and green finance is the key of low carbon economy. The development of low carbon economy can not be separated from the green finance. Low carbon economy is becoming the new trend of international economic development. This paper, based on the analysis of the ‘low carbon economy’ development and green finance foundation, suggests how to develop green finance to promote low carbon economy development.

Based on the theory of low-carbon economy, this paper evaluates the influence of carbon emissions on supply chains’ overall value using carbon footprint. It is showed that three objects, namely, profitability, service level and environmental protection should be coordinated, and to balance cost, response time and carbon footprint, the penalty function coefficient is introduced, which coverts a multi-objective optimization problem to a single objective one. Also, a network optimization model is formulated to offer a supplementary solution for optimization design of green supply chain network.

Remanufacturing is an effective means to realize energy saving and emission reduction. The remanufacturing industry makes important contribution to achieve the goal of low-carbon economy. This paper develops an evolutionary game model with a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain to study evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) of manufacturers and retailers. Through analyzing evolutionary path of the game, we find that there are two possible evolutionary results affected by the profits of manufacturers.

The sequencing problem for mixed-model assembly has a direct influence on the parts supply chain, production logistics and mobile sale logistics; it is also one of the key factors to design and organize low-carbon model logistics. The model in this paper assumed that the parts is supplied in JIT and assembled into products in a mixed-model line. A part of the products are transported to the distributor directly by car-carrier after production. In this circumstance, the essay proposes a new sequencing method on mixed-model assembly line, which considers keeping a constant speed in consuming each part in the line, leveling the load on each process within the line, and the products transportation planning above-mentioned. At last an example is given to illustrate the characteristics and effectiveness of the method in the paper.

Tourism was considered a “smokeless industry”, depending on using and developing the natural and cultural resources of a country to attract visitors. This paper studies the impact of different power structures on the room rates decisions in a tourism supply chain with two hotels, one luxury and the other economic, and one travel agency. Stackelberg game and Nash game models are formulated to analyze the pricing decisions in the power structures. We conduct comparative study between the three structures and explore the effects of different parameters on equilibrium prices, demands and profits.

With the fast development of the tourism industry, the land transportation system at present can barely sustain the overpopulated city. Based on the merits of the cheaper investment, massive capacity, less contamination, effectiveness and the short construction cycle, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is one of the best alternatives to enhance urban transportation service levels in a short period. This study takes an example of Macau and tries to identify the features of the public transportation system as well as analyzing the existing problems. Then the study conducts an assessment of the significance of launching a BRT in Macau with respect to the underlying economic revenue and exhaust reduction. Finally, it is supported that the BRT system can effectively reduce the traffic congestion and CO

2

emission.

This paper firstly compares the meaning and the general conceptual model of traditional supply chain with those of green supply chain and finds out the green supply chain’s advantages; then it puts forward an evaluation index system of enterprises green degree and builds a multifactor fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of enterprises green degree. Finally, it puts forward some measures to improve enterprises green degree, in order to enhance a whole green level of enterprises and supply chain.

Macau is one of the well-known tourism-dominated urban cities with high population density and limited natural resources. To maintain the reputation of tourism industry and cope with expanding public service demand, such as hospital service, hospital industry is now looking for solutions to enhance the service quality and efficiency. This paper proposes analysis and suggestions towards the improvement of operations activities in Macau’s hospital industry. The analysis covers the impact of economic growth, employee distribution, population growth, current scale of hospital and infrastructure in Macau. Discussion about the suitability of adopting third party logistics at certain logistics activities is also conducted. Through the research contributions, it is expected that the globalized concept of “leisure and tourism oriented city” can be realized in Macau.

The regulation of vehicle exhaust emission requires the regulators to establish the vehicle exhaust emission level desirable for the society and then select inspection agencies to check every registered vehicle periodically. Both these decisions create opportunities for rent seeking. In this paper, we present the incentives of rent-seekers for being selected as inspection agencies and analyze the consequences for social welfare. We find differences in firms’ rent-seeking choices compared to a traditional rent-seeking model. We see that a fundamental aspect of firms’ incentives to seek rent depends on the number of incumbent inspection agencies and the present value of every successful rent-seeker’s rent income, which mainly depends on the distortion degree of inspection process and which is inversely related to social welfare.

This article estimates CO

2

emissions intensity embodied in 42 sectors’ products based on the Input–Output Table in 2007 from the whole life of product process, including 4 energy sectors and 38 non-energy sectors. And then we distinguish energy and non-energy products to estimate CO

2

emissions embodied in 42 sectors’ products’ exports in 2007. The result shows that China is a net exporter of CO

2

, CO

2

emissions embodied in the export trade increase with the increase of exports except for the 4 energy sectors. 54.5 % of the total emissions are caused by exports, which shows the typical characteristic of “consumption in foreign countries and pollution in domestic”.

The urban rail transit system is widely adopted in big cities for its large transit capacity, fast speed, low power consumption, and comfortable riding experience. But recently frequent metro accidents appear and the subsequent social impact is very bad, which remind us of the risk in the rail transit system. Therefore, this paper analyzes the risk factors in rail transit project, divides them into different phases, and then specifies the risk in different phases. Then, an AHP

-

based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is developed for the urban rail transit system based on the identified risk factors.

In this paper, based on the previous studies, we use the combination of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to study the low carbon supply chain performance evaluation. BSC-DEA model combines both the BSC and DEA common advantage. From the DEA’s perspective, the model classify the input and output indicators to certain grade, for DEA model get a more complete index system and provide a balance constrains for any given DMU. From the perspective of the BSC, the model complement the shortcoming of BSC approach when carry out performance evaluation lack of quantitative analysis, and fulfilling the calculation of the relative effectiveness between the different low carbon supply chain.

This paper presents a multi-time-step, a single type of waste household appliances reverse logistics model. The model is formulated that using carbon tax to take into account the transport carbon emissions in the system, and subject to constraints that take into account business operating strategies and governmental regulations. Numerical example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

With the blooming of economics and development of supply chain management, the relationships between enterprises and suppliers are changing. Many companies began to consider environmental factors in procurement process, which mainly concentrated in green procurement. However, it hard to achieve procurement method transformation and supply system rebuilt. Supply relationship integration can optimize the purchase pattern and bring benign environmental effects in order to implement cost and energy savings and emission-reduction. This paper use an electric power enterprise as an example and build a supply relationship integration model including three steps: evaluating suppliers by trading data; dividing supply relationships into 6 categories by cluster analysis method; using the improved Kraljic model to analyze the pros and cons of different supply relationships, then compared with the ideal supplier and combined with the actual situation to draw out the recommendations of the supply relationship integration, finally analysis the environmental effects of it.

Low carbon agriculture is defined as new agriculture model based on low energy consumptions, low pollution and low emissions. We consider a two-echelon supply chain under contract farming and model a bilateral monopoly between a single agricultural producer and a single processor. The demand of market is influenced by the retail price and the level of low carbon technology. The optimal solution in a supply chain is studied in the model of Stackelberg game and centrally coordinated system. In the Stackelberg game model, the low-carbon technology, order quantity of the processor and the total profit of supply chain are all smaller than that in centrally coordinated system. Then revenue and cost sharing contract is designed to coordinate the supply chain. Then revenue and cost sharing contract is proposed. It’s verified that supply chain profits are attained at the same level as in a centrally coordinated system with revenue and cost sharing contract.

Logistics finance is a financial innovation business which just rise in recent years. Through the introduction of the third party logistics enterprise, it thus sets up the financing bridge between the banks and enterprises. But its business model has not yet have perfect and unified standard. In modern society a low carbon economy is energetically advocated, and how to realize low carbon and sustainable development of logistics finance has become a problem which logistics enterprise and financial institutions need to think of. This article is based on analysis of the basic operation mode of logistics finance, compares advantage differences between professional market and logistics enterprises, puts forward innovation mode of future development of logistics finance in low carbon economy, through using the results of logistics financial innovation mode which was carried out by Wujiang Oriental silk exchange.

This paper mainly discusses the impact of carbon emission cap-and-trade mechanism on the order decision-making with random demand. First, considering the random demand, carbon emission cap-and-trade, a single-cycle order model has been established. Then this model is solved and the optimal order quantity is put forward. Many interesting observations which are different from the order decision-making for stable demand are found out. The research shows that: a value range of carbon trading price exists; Carbon cap-and-trade mechanism can motivate the organizations to reduce carbon emission effectively; whether the company should buy carbon credits depends on the actual carbon emission and carbon emission cap; Reducing carbon emission doesn’t necessarily lead to high cost.

In this paper we consider a low-carbon inventory control policy planned for creative products sold in hybrid channels, where there is vertical and horizontal competition. We set up a tow-echelon base-stock model and under the assumption of demand transfer we analyze competitive stocking decisions with manufacture and retailer using base-stock inventory control policy. By numerical experiments, we analyze the impact of demand uncertainty and competition factor on manufacturer and retailer’s stocking decision variables and the corresponding performance. Finally we conclude the management enlightenments.

In this paper we first consider the content and the importance of cooperation in low carbon supply chain and then set up cooperative game model to analyze the equilibrium policy. On the base of the above analysis we provide some advice to promote cooperating of low carbon.

With the industry reform in progress, China’s economic development model is in a gradual shift from extensive economy to intensive economy, low-carbon economy emerged as an economic development model and economic pattern. It can significantly improve resource utilization, reduce harmful gas emissions, develop clean renewable resources, making the sustainability of economic development possible. By analyzing the trend of urban development of Beijing, the paper drew the conclusion that Low-carbon economic development is the future trend, and listed requirements of road freight industry in developing low carbon economy such as the mode of transport, the mode of operation, etc. And the paper put forward suggestions and improvements referring to these requests.

With the development of low-carbon awareness, integrating environmental criteria into supply management has become an important strategic issue for industries. All members in the supply chain, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and consumers, are facing increasing regulatory pressures to embrace sustainable operations and achieve better environmental and economic performance. This research examines the carbon footprint across the manufacturing supply chains and thus contributes to the knowledge and practice of green manufacturing supply chain management. This paper will use process analysis to calculate the carbon footprint in the whole end-to-end supply chain.

For supply chain, enterprises’ collaboration is necessary condition to meet carbon emission constraints. Pricing decisions influence the profit allocation and is the key factor influencing the stability of collaborative relationship. Based on the above opinion, this paper reviews literatures of studies on carbon emission constraints and enterprises’ collaborative pricing decisions, then constructs collaborative pricing decision model. The model is nonlinear programming model with objective function of profits maximization and constraints of carbon emission. Kuhn-Tucker theorem is used as basic tool to analyze this model. In conditions of non-cooperation, the Stackelberg game theory is used. Through comparison of profits under conditions of cooperation and non-cooperation, Rubinstein bargaining game theory is used to analyze the coordination process. This paper provides framework for collaborative pricing decisions of enterprises in supply chain.

This paper analyses the importance to develop low carbon districts in Beijing; builds up Motivation Mechanism, International Competitive Mechanism and Cultural Mechanism for Beijing; and points out that districts in Beijing, in order to become low carbon ones, should improve themselves from the aspects of economy, energy, technology and society.

Actual trends in corporate structures of modern globalization processes are searched. Process dynamics of interaction between actors in cooperation, integration and analysis of trends in capital funding-term business aviation industry is determined.

With increasingly fierce competition, it is a trend for shipping enterprise to provide the integrated logistics service rather than just ocean transportation. Meanwhile, the hot topics of global warming, environment pollution, energy prices rise, and low carbon economy are taken more and more seriously, hence Chinese shipping industry faces a series of challenges. This paper constructs a developmental pattern of shipping enterprises based on low-carbon integrated logistics, calculates the carbon emission of the main low-carbon integrated logistics service activities and then concludes the major carbon emission influencing factors of shipping enterprise implementing low-carbon integrated logistics, offers several suggestions for implementing low-carbon integrated logistics strategy in the aspect of technology, operation, management and market. This research enriches the academic theories on low-carbon integrated logistics and provides a certain amount of inspiration and references for the shipping enterprises.

Production Logistics includes a series of processing activities in manufacturing systems. With following the trend of low carbon economics, the estimation and analysis of the carbon footprint in manufacturing logistics system concern the sustainable development of a company. In this paper, we first put forward a conception of carbon footprint from the manufacturing logistics system level, and further definite the boundary to estimate carbon footprint of the production logistics system. With the help of Kaya Identity, the four main factors are presented to describe the influence on the production logistics carbon footprint and a carbon footprint calculation method is provided. By the traditional factor analysis approach, the sensitivity of changes of each factor on the carbon footprint is discussed.

Considering the location, storage, transportation and service in the reverse logistics network of resource recycling, this paper puts forward a multi-echelon reverse logistics network which includes customers, initial collection point, centralized recycling center and recovery processing factory. Based on the constraint of facility capacity and customer demand, this paper establishes the 0-1 mixed integer programming model. We use Lingo 8.0 to solve it and prove it is feasible, combined with the example and the simulation analysis of it.

The low-carbon economy is a kind of Win–win economic development patterns of developing economic and protecting environment. The logistics industry occupies an important position in the low-carbon economy. The development of low-carbon economy relies on the support of low-carbon logistics. Firstly, this paper analyzes the relationship between low-carbon economy and low-carbon logistics. Secondly, it expounds the current development status of China’s low-carbon logistics; Finally to focus, it raises the forward suggestions and countermeasures of China’s development of low-carbon logistics.

In this paper the question of trading off the economic and environmental effects embodied in eco-efficiency in the hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing logistics network design in the context of low-carbon economy is examined. A multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model to find the optimal facility locations and materials flow allocation is established. In the objective function, three minimum targets are set: economic cost, CO

2

emission and waste generation. Through an iterative algorithm, the Pareto Frontier of the problem is obtained. The results of numeric study show that in order to achieve a Pareto improvement over an original system, three of the critical rates should be increased. Also, to meet the need of low-carbon dioxide, an iso-CO

2

emission curve in which decision makers have a series of optimal choices with the same CO

2

emission but different cost and waste generation is plotted. Each choice may have different network design but all of these are Pareto optimal solutions, which provide a comprehensive evaluation of both economics and ecology for the decision making.

It is significant to studying the supply chain of household electrical appliances in low-carbon product certification. In the situation of low-carbon product certification, this paper used the LCA method to analyze the carbon emissions of household electrical appliances and to study how to optimize household electrical appliances’ supply chain management in the situation of China’s low-carbon product certification.

With the rapid development of computer and its correlation techniques, the discarded computers are becoming a growing burden to the modern society. The Green IT advocate the green design, but the appropriate time you discard your computer isn’t done in-depth research. This essay puts its effort on computer component update and maintenance work. Firstly we will calculate the environmental cost caused by each period of the life cycle of computers, then draw a contrast between the cost of reusing the computer after maintenance and of replacing a new one, in order to figure out the optimal time at which the life cycle of computer product ends. And Environmental cost reach the lowest.

Nowadays, industry development with low-carbon has become a trend. How a energy-intensive company can get an advantages to adapt to the requirements of the carbon emissions policy? Because of the ignoring the carbon emissions factors, the original Hoteling model does not apply to the new circumstance easily. In order to provide a reference to the management of energy-intensive industries under this new challenge, we add the carbon emissions constraints to the Hoteling model in this paper. We confirm that the unit cost of carbon and carbon emissions quotas are directly related to the profits of enterprises. For the enterprise, one of the best way to increase the profit is to decrease the unit cost of carbon emissions of enterprises with advanced low-carbon technologies in the production process and to gain more carbon emission quotas rationally.

This survey investigates reverse logistics practices related to electronics industry firms-from the producer’s perspective-with the objective of identifying the status of reverse logistics practices. Site visits were conducted to develop a survey instrument. The survey provides detailed information about types and reasons of returns, reverse logistics channels, final disposition options involving 150 different companies in Guangdong in electronic industry. Results indicate that reverse logistics do bring added value to companies. However, there are some problems in returns: warranty returns are predominating type of returns, defective causes most returns among all reasons for return and 3PSP doesn’t take use of its advantages, finally some suggestions are proposed to overcome these problems.

Low-carbon logistics, as a new trend of the logistics development, requires advanced technology and perfect legal system. Due to the lack of systematicness and practical effect in the existing logistics laws and regulations in china, it is difficult to provide effective legal guarantee and support for the healthy development of logistics industry and logistics international competitiveness. This paper put forward constructive countermeasures of building and improving the logistics legal system based on the experience of logistics legal system construction in the developed countries and the problems existing in the related law system design of China’s low-carbon logistics development.

Since the 21st century, due to accelerating the process of industrialization with the footsteps of human, it brings the increasingly serious problem about the environment and energy. Direction to low-carbon development has become the common choice in various countries. In this paper, with the research status of low-carbon supply chain, we explore the warehouse location problem under the low carbon supply chain, make the analysis of transportation costs, renting costs in warehousing, put forward cost analysis method in the warehouse location selection, with the target of cost optimized, combined with the center of gravity method, derived the optimal warehouse location.

In this paper, cost of carbon emissions is integrated into multi-facility Weber problem. In order to deal with this problem well, an improved alternative location-allocation algorithm is developed. And impact of carbon emissions on location and allocation is taken into account in the algorithm. Then thus not only the cost of carbon emissions but also the total cost including the cost of both transportation and carbon emissions can be optimized. Finally, numerical analysis shows the superior quality of the algorithm. And positive significance of parameter

k

to improve the solution continuously is revealed.

This research investigates impact of carbon emissions policies on multimodal transportation planning in a fresh produce transportation case. Optimised multimodal transportation has the potential to reduce negative impact on environment. Multimodal transport uses a combination of at least two modes of transportation in a single transport chain, without a change of container for the goods, with most of routes travelled by road, rail, inland waterway or shipping. An optimization analysis is carried out with different carbon charges to identify impact of carbon policies on the transportation mode selection and the logistics performance. This research shows that, with different carbon emission charges, optimal logistics chain speed with lowest transportation and carbon emission costs can be identified.

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has become a potentially valuable way of securing competitive advantage and improving organizational performance since competition is no longer between organizations, but among supply chains. The paper reviewed the definition research in sustainable supply chain management and discussed the drive model of SSCM. We aim to provide managers and industry practitioners with a better understanding about why and how to implement SSCM.

As the supported industry of the whole national economy, shipbuilding industry, on the one hand creates abundant substance fortune, on the other hand it resumes a lot of resources and energy, and leads to environmental pollution at the same time. Therefore, how to make a harmonious development beside environmental protect and shipbuilding supply chain, are becoming the essential and key factors to the success, when shipyard pursuitting high returns. So, the paper research on the construction of green shipbuilding system systematically.

The Mahoney tables are a set of reference tables used in architecture, used as a guide to climate-appropriate design. In order to research the Shanghai building energy saving design strategy, the paper studies the Shanghai building with the method of Mahoney tables combined with Shanghai meteorological data, and puts forward a series of building energy efficiency design strategies for Shanghai climate characteristics. Finally, according to the climatic characteristics of Shanghai and the residents’ living characteristics, the limitations of strategies proposed by the Mahoney tables were analyzed.

This paper probed the current status and prospect of China’s green real estate development from the perspective of concepts, markets, industries, policies and human resources. Through the probation, the authors give their understanding on the latest trends in this field.

Ancient Chinese cities have a history of thousands of years. Different historical dynasties recorded different urban planning philosophy. Many of these ancient practices on urban planning and design can be used as references for today’s urban planning. A study of the climate adaptability of ancient Chinese urban form is theoretically significant. It helps to guide the modern city design, to create and build a modern city with Chinese characteristics and to inherit and carry forward the local traditional culture. Moreover, such studies can enrich the current deficient knowledge in ancient city construction history.

Building energy consumption is increasing great over time so that we need to take measures to reduce it. Building energy analysis and evaluation is the premise to realize building energy-saving. Calculating the heating or cooling load by static algorithm is a traditional method to do building energy analysis. This method ignores the delay and attenuation of heat transfer so that it’s not accurate as well as unsustainable. According to BIM’s completeness of information, good visualization and sustainability, a method to evaluate building energy based on BIM is presented in this paper. Firstly, BIM technology and it’s research status are introduced. Secondly, a framework to explain how to analyze and assess building energy by BIM software is presented. Then, a teaching building in Hefei is taken as an example, and it’s building energy evaluation is done with Ecotect. Some energy-saving measures are put forward finally. This article provides some ideas and methods for evaluating building energy in hot summer and cold winter region.

High cost is core puzzle that affects effect of low-carbon city and green architecture construction. Greenway is an important linear landscape sector in connection with open space, marsh, drainage system and abandoned railways as green infrastructure to form a regional green space system. The paper notices greenway’s important role with low resource cost and high green value in creating sustainable green value in Pearl River Delta (PRD) and tries to figure out the successful cooperation pattern of PRD greenway in China.

Due to the externality of green building, it’s necessary to establish a government leading comprehensive system consisting of law and policy. Chinese green building is still in a primary stage and the law and policy system is imperfect. Based on the analysis of current status and deficiency in economic incentive policies on Chinese green building, this paper puts forward some suggestions on economic incentive policies such as special funds, tax incentives and financial subsidy, etc., to promote the development of green building.

Beijing is the first city to develop green building in China. It has achieved a certain degree of effectiveness by developing green building in these years and has made new construction targets in “12th five-year”, in order to expand the percent of green building. Though the rapid development it has, Beijing green building’s current situation has a big gap with many developed countries as well as some first-tier cities in China. This article analyses the questions and difficulties in Beijing green building development from diffident angles and makes some measures and ways to promote the development of green building in Beijing.

First, this paper introduces the process of the green concept in recent years, summarizes the green concept, focuses on the meaning of the “Green Railway Station”, and shows that it has public good attributes. Based on this, the paper establishes the Evaluation Index System of the Green Railway Station. Furthermore, this paper designs the supply mechanism to promote the development of the green railway passenger station.

For the purpose of more extensive application and revision in the future of current national standard,

Evaluation Standard for Green Building

(GB/T50378-2006), its application status is investigated by two methods. One is counting compliance ratio of each provision in 57 green building projects. Another is comparing it with 13 local standards. It’s concluded that technical difficulties among provisions differ sharply, some provisions are restricted in specific building stage, function and region, and changes on evaluating provision and evaluating method in local standards could be helpful to the improvement and revision on GB/T50378-2006.

As China’s railway is undergoing a period of massive construction, scheduling more reasonablely and levelingly means lot to railway construction project management. At this stage, China’s railway construction projects mainly adopt the traditional network planning methods or Gantt chart methods in its management, which has its limits for the typical linear project of railway construction. This paper uses the linear scheduling method to solve the resource-leveling-based railway construction project scheduling problem of China, proposes the China railway construction project scheduling model and employs the constraint programming technique for the searching of the solution. On basis of this, the actual data of Urumqi-Junggar railway in Urumqi Railway Bureau is used to verify the model and algorithm.

External thermal insulation composite systems’ structure and feature are analysed, and the technology system is summarized. Then, an evaluating system of external thermal insulation composite systems is designed, composed of safety, economy, energy efficiency, environmental conversation and applicability, based on total life cycle of building. Fuzzy evaluation mode is applied to the evaluating system, while confirming weight with AHP and getting fuzzy membership degree with different methods between qualitative and quantitative indexes. The evaluating system is comprehensive, objective, and operational and provides a good guide.

With the recognition to the concept of sustainable development around the world, the idea of green construction has been increasingly valued in China. China has already achieved a lot in this field. But owing to its large population, lack of resources and poor bearing capacity of environment, green construction’s further development and popularization has been restrained. Thus, from the perspective of technology level and content, this paper explores the economic feasibility of many techniques in the popularization of green construction. Perhaps China can adopt a gradual approach which is suitable to its domestic situation.

In marine environment, due to the effect of chloride ion, sulfate, magnesium ions, dry-wet cycle, and freeze-thaw cycle, the damage of reinforced concrete bridge pier is extremely serious. Reactive powder concrete, which is considered as a kind of green high performance concrete, has high durability, high strength and presents good environmental protection performance. It is especially suitable for using as protection structure of reinforced concrete bridge pier in marine environment. Through the simulation of the actual service environment, dry-wet and freeze-thaw cycles are applied in durability experiments. The mass and relative dynamic elastic modulus variation of reactive powder concrete is investigated, and the rules are also discussed. The results indicate that the seawater corrosion resistance of reactive powder concrete is satisfactory, which provides design reference for reactive powder concrete pier protection in marine environment. Reactive powder concrete is suitable for marine engineering concrete protection structure as permanent template or maintenance component.

At present, the industry, construction and transportation are three main energy consumption areas. According to the data of the report of energy conservation and emission reduction in 2009, building energy consumption accounts for about 30–35 % of the total energy consumption. In this situation, the affect of main stakeholders of green buildings, and the dynamic mechanism of large-scale development on green buildings in China are analyzed in this paper. Meanwhile, this paper also learnt some experience from other countries and explored the strategy path of large-scale development on green buildings. The results of the study show that large-scale development on green buildings is related to the whole construction field of energy conservation and emission reduction effect directly and help to achieve the goals on low-carbon economy development.

In the 21st century, the world of industrialization and the development of high-tech make the entire human material civilization progress. However, our own environment has been damaged in different degrees. At present, the shortage of resources, environmental degradation becomes the main factor to hinder the rapid development of the world economic stability. In order to realize the strategic target of sustained development, we have to save energy, improve the environment. In recent years, green industry has become the world common development goals. Green building materials production enterprises in the building materials market a new force suddenly rises. High quality green building materials also quickly occupied this belongs to the traditional building materials market. This is an introductory paper of green building materials enterprises, analysis of green building materials production and the economic benefits of the enterprise and development direction.

Energy consumption of buildings is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, frequently accounting for around 40 % of the total energy consumption in urban areas. Reasonable sustainability assessment requires effective and efficient methods for energy consumption estimation of buildings. With an aim to improve the accuracy in building energy consumption estimation, this paper proposes a life cycle building energy consumption estimation method based on the work breakdown structure. For each basic work package, the relevant construction business information can support a more accurate estimation of energy consumption and thus the integration of all basic work packages can enhance the accuracy in energy consumption estimation.

This paper analyzed the lack of schedule techniques for railway tunnel construction project. According to the linear project characteristics of the railway tunneling, attribute data standard for linear schedule of railway tunnel project have been studied. Moreover, an algorithm of railway tunnel project scheduling based on the Linear scheduling method is given. The algorithm is applied to an example of railway tunnel project to validate its effect.

This paper reviews the experience and wisdom of using sunlight in city from ancient to modern times. Then, it addresses the concept of solar envelope and its relationship with architectural form, winter and summer sunshine, maximum plot ratio and street orientation. It’s imperative for city planners and constructors to identify the importance of transferring from solar oriented buildings to solar directed cities, and apply the concerning theory and method to determine road orientation, width, street block location and architect shape in the process of city planning.

This paper briefly summarized design principles and the development process of integration of solar collectors and building envelopes in China. Through analyzing the current situation of integrated positions, tilt angles and detailed conformation designs of solar thermal collectors, some existing problems and their causes were pointed out, and then solutions were put forward including correcting policy guidance, optimizing solar collector products and integration design, and promoting architects to master technologies of buildings integrated solar systems.

According to synergy and efficiency problem of today’s green building design, this article explores multi-system collaborative design model relying on BIM techniques as digital design platform in the green building design, that combines building information modeling (BIM) technology development and BIM application of Beijing Jiaotong University team in SD competition. This model achieves multi-disciplinary collaboration in the design stage, precisely controlling of building performance, providing an efficient digital platform for green building and strong support for promoting the development of green building.

The real estate industry has the characteristics of being highly associated with other industries, long industry chain, great resource consumption and so on. Though promoting green sustainable development strategy in the real estate industry, it can optimize the industry structure, and improve urban living environment. Referring to the characteristics of the real estate supply chain, this article introduces the real estate green supply chain management, preliminarily establishes a green supply chain structure after the component analysis and studies its operating characteristics, in order to provide some theoretical basis for the green real estate industry.

This paper analyzed the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in Jiangsu, China over 2000–2010, using the indicator of decoupling elasticity. Two weak decoupling periods, 2001–2002 and 2006–2009, were detected. The increases of carbon emissions were further decomposed with Logarithmic Mean Weight Divisia (LMDI) method and it was showed that the overall economic activity played the most important role in leading to the increase of carbon emissions, the adjustment of industry structure had positive but very small effect on carbon emissions, and the decline of sectoral carbon intensity was the only factor that drove the emissions to decrease.

In recent years, China had achieved great economic development, but accompanied with the more and more serious environmental problems. Now people have realized the importance of the environment and environmental protection (energy conservation and emission reduction) had become global consensus. In this context,this paper puts forward an update criterion of choosing the leading industry based on the perspective of energy conservation and emission reduction. The specific indexes of energy conservation and emission reduction were increased on the basis of the index system of traditional criteria of choosing the leading industry. The update criteria were experimented in choosing the leading industry of Guangxi province in China.

This paper first illustrates the importance of low-carbon electricity and then analyzes the strategic and realistic significance for China’s power generation industry to operate in low-carbon state. Expounded the necessity and urgency for power generation industry in low-carbon economy, Finally it provides the thinking and policy to develop power generation industry in the low-carbon economy environment.

With the idea of sustainable development and environmental protection be widely recognized, the development of low-carbon economy is emphasized increasingly. The index system of port and city is put forward in the paper taking Ningbo for example, and the model of port and city is set up based on the theory of system dynamics. Based on historic data, the model is used to forecast the results, and affects between port and city is analyzed using Sensitivity analysis theory. Finally, optimal path of port and city interaction system is brought forward based on low-carbon economy background.

It is important to reduce energy consumption intensity and to improve the energy consumption efficiency in the low carbon economy development. Most scholars decomposed and analyzed industrial energy consumption intensity from the economic structure and the departmental energy efficiency. In this paper the impact on energy consumption efficiency was analyzed from the perspective of technical factors of social economic entities. The empirical results show that: (1) To increase energy efficiency, those methods like fiscal spending and related policy support adopted by the government are not obviously effective, and maybe further research should be done on its mechanism; (2) Market demand, public awareness, enterprise initiative and effectiveness on the energy saving help to improve energy efficiency; In view of these, more practical and reference value could be achieved with resort to the study on how to improve industrial energy consumption efficiency from these angles.

Low carbon cities construction is an important content and pointcut of “Two-oriented society” construction. Since Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration was authorized to be “Two-oriented society” pilot zone by the State Council in December, 2007, Chang-Zhu-Tan Low Carbon urban agglomeration has achieved remarkable progresses and accumulated precious experience which is necessary to summarize comprehensively and systematically to provide effective strategies for the development in next step. Three aspects of contents are presented in this paper. Firstly, four major progresses of Chang-Zhu-Tan Low Carbon urban agglomeration have been summarized systematically. Secondly, successful experiences in five aspects are summarized. Lastly, three main conclusions are concluded.

As an important part of the carbon accounting, Carbon accounting information disclosure has attracted much attention in recent years. However, our current carbon accounting information disclosure is fragmented and not standard; the level of corporation’s voluntary disclosure is not high. The lack of uniform standards and comparable information result in the value of the carbon accounting information can not be achieved. Therefore, this paper draws on the related field research to explore how to construct a model of information carbon accounting disclosure of listed companies in China, establish the principle of carbon accounting information disclosure, and design the content and ways of carbon accounting information disclosure, therefore, making our carbon accounting information disclosure a standardized basis.

This paper selects 341 from Shenzhen and Shanghai listed companies as a sample, and uses the descriptive statistical analysis to find out the status quo of disclosure from the perspective of industry type and year respectively, then this paper analyzes the influence of the industry type, company size, governance structure, business performance, development ability and the debt level on the carbon accounting information disclosure of the listed companies.

In order to achieve the successful development of low carbon economy in Jiangsu Province, this paper analyses the present situation of energy consumption in above-scale manufacturing enterprises which is based on the manufacturing total energy consumption and gross industrial output value data of Jiangsu Province, at the same time undertake an empirical calculation, analyses the results according to the consequence by using grey relational analysis method of grey system theory between manufacturing energy consumption and economic growth about Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2010. At last recommend countermeasures for the development of low carbon economy.

The Internet of Things is a new technology which once more transforms the retail sales settlement, logistics delivers and product tracking model after the bar code technology. The Internet of Things will produce tremendous effect in the development of low-carbon economy because it can provide good technical support for the development of low-carbon economy. This article describes the internet of things and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. It analyses three aspects of the security problems that the RFID system, wireless network and the internet of things business, and puts forward the security mechanisms of internet of things that authentication and access control, data encryption and legislative protection. This article can play a positive role in the development of internet of things and low-carbon economy.

This paper expounds the impact brought by global warming and its influence on China, analyzes the emission status of greenhouse gas and the development trend of our country and proposes China’s prevention measures by learning experiences from other countries as follows: Government implements supervision by establishing special organization and enacting corresponding laws and policies, industrial sector formulates various solutions and measures to ensure that the tasks stipulated by state will be achieved, and propagates the danger brought by global warming and the necessity for preventing global warming, so as to reach a consensus and form conscious actions.

Based on different interests and strategies, this paper divides related countries in Cancun summit into developed and developing camp and proposes symmetrical evolutionary model and asymmetric evolutionary model of cooperative behavior. Then it makes a duplicated analysis on the game theoretical model utilizing the evolutional game theory and studies its evolutionary path and impact factors. The results show that only the nations in the camps unite together can the favorable results appear; the more developing countries depend on the aid of developed countries, the more disadvantageous in the negotiation. Finally this paper analyzes the policy implications of research findings.

This paper chooses five independent variables as the impact factors to investigate industrial carbon emission, analyses the impact mechanism of international oil price on it, and then uses the PLSR model to study its impact on carbon emission. Based on the data of 2011, the paper maintains three independent variables to study international oil prices’ impact on industry carbon emission at different levels of GDP. The result shows that with the same GDP growth, the industry carbon emission increases with the rise in international oil prices, and vice versa decreases; When GDP increases to a certain extent, in both cases of international oil prices’ rise or fall, the industry carbon emission will go up, and it increases even faster while the energy prices are rising.

In writing this paper, our objective was to use the concept of ecological landscape to explain why culture industrial cluster were formed. In recent years, rare extreme weather has continued coming, which made mankind living in “carbon” predicament. Compared with the extensive research on industrial sustainability in cities of the developed world, similar empirical work in developing countries is rare. We concluded from the perspective of cultural industrial space assemble, and take Qujiang cultural industry park based on local landscape design as an example, using hierarchy cluster analysis, based on selected variables that reflect the industrial advantages, government contributions, environmental management and economic performance of the enterprises. Consequently, the objective of a dynamic response to culture industrial cluster was seen as an attempt to form cultural industrial park sustainable development throughout the organizational.

This paper builds the low carbon comprehensive evaluation index system of city from the urban construction, the city clean ability and urban environmental protection, and use the grey correlation evaluation method to evaluate four municipalities directly under the central government comprehensively. The results show that the low carbon economy development level of Beijing is best, followed by Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing.

Professional agricultural logistics park is a logistics operation mode accompanied by intensification of agricultural production, using the SLP method based on the requirements of the low-carbon economy of logistics activities to sort the various functional areas to form a position to optimize the layout in order to complete professional agricultural logistics park layout to achieve low-carbon effect based on full analysis of logistics relationship between functional parks. Logistics object, logistics volume and logistics job line and support services should be fully considered in the process of professional agricultural logistics park layout with low-carbon concept of improving operating efficiency, reduce the intensity of logistics operations in the region.

Low-carbon mode is the inevitable choose for tourism development, while seldom work has linked to low-carbon tourism planning. This article aims to propose a framework to low-carbon tourism planning. Firstly, the low-carbon tourism system with energy cosumption subsystem,waste emission subsystem, and four elements is proposed. Based on the direct and indirect carbon emission analysis, a low-carbon tourism planning framework with five subsystems is developed. The low-carbon tourism planning framework can be used to any region that wants to develop low-carbon tourism, especially to those places which have natural scenic and fragile ecosystem.

The author intends to contribute to the operationalization of the ecological embeddedness concept through the development of tourism chain, by a first attempt to measure ecological embeddedness, technologically, conceptually and structurally and institutionally. The paper starts with a critical outline of the academic discourse on embeddedness in tourism chain studies. In the second section, general developments in domestic tourism chain and their ecological implications are illustrated for the national level. Thereafter, the author tries to measure the ecological embeddedness of the tourism chains from cognitive, political, structural and cultural perspectives, through the ranking of each index; the status of the ecological embeddedness is concluded based on the ecological environment quality classification.