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2011 | Buch

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Luminescence Applied in Sensor Science

herausgegeben von: Luca Prodi, Marco Montalti, Nelsi Zaccheroni

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Topics in Current Chemistry

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

Molecular Logic Gates and Luminescent Sensors Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer, by A. Prasanna de Silva and S. Uchiyama; Luminescent Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, and Screening Using Upconverting Nanoparticles, by D. E. Achatz, R. Ali, and O. S. Wolfbeis; Luminescence Amplification Strategies Integrated with Microparticle and Nanoparticle Platforms, by S. Zhu, T. Fischer, W. Wan, A. B. Descalzo, and K. Rurack; Luminescent Chemosensors Based on Silica Nanoparticles, by S. Bonacchi, D. Genovese, R. Juris, M. Montalti, L. Prodi, E. Rampazzo, M. Sgarzi, and N. Zaccheroni; Fluorescence Based Sensor Arrays, by R. Paolesse, D. Monti, F. Dini, and C. Di Natale; Enantioselective Sensing by Luminescence, by A. Accetta, R. Corradini, and R. Marchelli

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Molecular Logic Gates and Luminescent Sensors Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer

Abstract

The competition between Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and other de-excitation pathways such as fluorescence and phosphorescence can be controlled within designed molecular structures. Depending on the particular design, the resulting optical output is thus a function of various inputs such as ion concentration and excitation light dose. Once digitized into binary code, these input-output patterns can be interpreted according to Boolean logic. The single-input logic types of YES and NOT cover simple sensors and the double- (or higher-) input logic types represent other gates such as AND and OR. The logic-based arithmetic processors such as half-adders and half-subtractors are also featured. Naturally, a principal application of the more complex gates is in multi-sensing contexts.

A. Prasanna de Silva, Seiichi Uchiyama

Luminescent Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, and Screening Using Upconverting Nanoparticles

Abstract

Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) display the unique property of converting near-infrared light (with wavelengths of typically 800–1,000 nm) into visible luminescence. Following a short introduction into the mechanisms leading to the effect, the main classes of materials used are discussed. We then review the state of the art of using UCNPs: (1) to label biomolecules such as antibodies and (synthetic) oligomers for use in affinity assay and flow assays; (2) to act as nanolamps whose emission intensity is modulated by chemical indicators, thus leading to a novel kind of chemical sensors; and (3), to act as donors in luminescence resonance energy transfer in chemical sensors and biosensors.

Daniela E. Achatz, Reham Ali, Otto S. Wolfbeis

Luminescence Amplification Strategies Integrated with Microparticle and Nanoparticle Platforms

Abstract

The amplification of luminescence signals is often the key to sensitive and powerful detection protocols. Besides optimized fluorescent probes and labels, functionalized nano- and microparticles have received strongly increasing attention in this context during the past decade. This contribution introduces the main signalling concepts for particle-based amplification strategies and stresses, especially the important role that metal and semiconductor nanoparticles play in this field. Besides resonance energy transfer, metal-enhanced emission and the catalytic generation of luminescence, the impact of multi-chromophoric objects such as dye nanocrystals, dendrimers, conjugated polymers or mesoporous hybrid materials is assessed. The representative examples discussed cover a broad range of analytes from metal ions and small organic molecules to oligonucleotides and enzyme activity.

Shengchao Zhu, Tobias Fischer, Wei Wan, Ana B. Descalzo, Knut Rurack

Luminescent Chemosensors Based on Silica Nanoparticles

Abstract

The field of nanoparticles is amazingly many-sided and consequently their applications range between many different areas from industry to bio-analysis and catalysis. In particular, luminescent nanoparticles attract close attention in the areas of biology, medical diagnosis and therapy, where they already find many applications. In this so fascinating and wide framework we have focussed our attention on luminescent silica nanoparticles able to act as sensing materials. We highlight here the importance, especially with the aim of sensing, of gaining precise knowledge and control of their structures; the performance of a chemosensor is, in fact, totally dependent on its design. We then briefly present the state of the art and the progress both in the synthetic protocols and in the application of luminescent silica nanoparticles as chemosensors. We present many recent examples, organized into two main sections, the first dealing with systems presenting the signalling units on the surface (dye coated silica nanoparticles, DCSNs) and the second with systems entrapping the dyes inside the silica matrix (dye doped silica nanoparticles, DDSNs).

Sara Bonacchi, Damiano Genovese, Riccardo Juris, Marco Montalti, Luca Prodi, Enrico Rampazzo, Massimo Sgarzi, Nelsi Zaccheroni

Fluorescence Based Sensor Arrays

Abstract

Fluorescence-based cross reactive sensor arrays have experienced significant development in the last decade because of the advantages that they can offer with respect to other transduction mechanisms, in terms of the usual performance parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity and so on. From this point of view, a great impulse to this development has been due to the realization of novel transduction platforms, which has also taken advantage of the development of consumer electronics such as digital scanners, cameras, and screens, allowing the realization of low cost sensing layers suitable for many practical applications. This possibility, combined with continuous optimization of sensing material properties, the possible preparation of arrays with a high number of individual sensing elements and pattern recognition data analysis, has led to novel opportunities for the creation of luminescence based sensor arrays with improved capabilities. Herein we report on the development of these devices witnessed in the last decade, dividing the developed devices according to their exploitation in gaseous or in solution phase.

Roberto Paolesse, Donato Monti, Francesca Dini, Corrado Di Natale

Enantioselective Sensing by Luminescence

Abstract

Enantiomeric analysis is one of the crucial points for the sensor technology, due to the increasing importance that enantiomerically pure compounds and drugs have in pharmaceutic and agrochemical applications. Enantiomeric luminescent sensors give different responses by interaction or reaction with chiral molecules, allowing one to assess their optical purity by spectroscopic measurements. Moreover, chemosensors have been developed to perform enantiomeric analysis of both luminescent and non-luminescent organic compounds. In the present chapter we focus on the recent advances in the sensing of chiral molecules by luminescent sensory systems, with the aim of outlining different mechanisms: fluorescence quenching by metal complexes, photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching, fluorescence enhancement by PET inhibition, analyte induced sensor conformational changes, modulation of excimer and exciplex formation, and aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE). Recent advances in the use of more elaborate techniques such as anisotropy measurements, gated detection, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and perspectives in the field are also discussed. Emphasis is given to the methods which have provided high enantioselectivity and which are amenable to fast screening procedures.

Graphical Abstract

Alessandro Accetta, Roberto Corradini, Rosangela Marchelli

Backmatter

Titel: Luminescence Applied in Sensor Science
herausgegeben von: Luca Prodi
Marco Montalti
Nelsi Zaccheroni
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-19420-7
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19419-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19420-7

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