7. Machine Vision System for Orchard Management

This chapter overviews different machine vision systems in agricultural applications. Several different applications are presented, but a machine vision system which estimates fruit yield, an example of an orchard management application, is discussed at length. From the farmer’s perspective, an early yield prediction serves as an early revenue estimate. From this prediction, resources, such as employees and storage space, can more efficiently be allocated, and future seasons can be better planned. The yield estimate is accomplished using a camera with a color filter that isolates the blossoms on a tree when the tree is in its full blossom. The blossoms in the resulting image can be counted and the yield estimated. An estimate during the blossom period, as compared to when the fruit has begun to mature, provides a crop yield prediction several months in advance. Discussed as well, in this chapter, is a machine vision system which navigates a robot through orchard rows. This system can be used in conjunction with the yield estimation system, but it has additional applications such as incorporating a water or pesticide system, which can treat the trees as it passes by. To be effective, this type of system, must consider the operating scene as it can limit or constraint the system effectiveness. Such systems tend to be unique to the operating environment.