nach oben

Erschienen in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Mainland Southeast Asia’s Regional Integration and Ethnic Minority Communities

verfasst von : Scott Hipsher

Erschienen in: Poverty Reduction, the Private Sector, and Tourism in Mainland Southeast Asia

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The countries and regions of Mainland Southeast Asia (SEA) are linked together through their membership in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). Yet the level of economic integration and political cooperation in the region remain relatively low. Mainland SEA has seen significant improvements in the average standard of living, but substantial levels of poverty remain in the region. The region is very ethnically diverse, and many ethnic minority communities, especially those living in remote mountainous regions, have not benefitted from economic growth to the same extent as have ethnic majority communities. While many ethnic minority communities throughout the region have shown resistance to accepting government programs designed to force conforming to the culture norms of the majority populations, when presented opportunities to engage in economic activities on their own terms linking the communities to global trading networks, the communities have willingly engaged in these non-traditional economic activities. As many of the people in these communities live in areas where manufacturing on a large scale is not feasible, tourism offers opportunities to engage in global economic activities, as employees or as microentrepreneurs, without having to abandon their cultural heritage or move to new locations.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Poverty Reduction and Wealth Creation

Nächstes Kapitel Cambodia: Background, Economic Conditions, and Tourism

Alexander, D. (2008). Burma in urgent need of change. Forced Migration Review, 30, 6.

Amare, M., Hohfeld, L., Jitsuchon, S., & Waibel, H. (2012). Rural-urban migration and employment quality: A case study from Thailand. Asian Development Review, 29(1), 57–79.

Andrews-Speed, P. (2015). Mixed motivations and mixed blessings: Chinese investments in Southeast Asian energy and mineral resources. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Perspective, 2015-40.

Areethamsirikul, S. (2008). The impact of ASEAN enlargement on economic integration: Successes and impediments under ASEAN political institution. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UMI No. 3314276).

Ashayagachat, A., & Jitcharoenkul, P. (2015, May 30). Meeting agrees to help migrants. Bangkok Post.

Asian Development Bank. (2011). Greater Mekong subregion cross-border transport facilitation agreement: Instruments and drafting history. Mandaluyong City: Asian Development Bank.

Asian Development Bank. (2012a). Greater Mekong subregion: Atlas of the environment (2nd ed.). Mandaluyong City: Asian Development Bank.

Asian Development Bank. (2012b). Greater Mekong subregion: Twenty years of partnership. Mandaluyong City: Asian Development Bank.

Asian Development Bank. (2013). Facilitating safe labor migration in the greater Mekong subregion: Issues, challenges and forward-looking interventions. Mandaluyong City: Asian Development Bank.

Asian Development Bank. (2016). Asian economic integration report: What drives foreign direct investment in Asia and the Pacific? Mandaluyong City: Asian Development Bank.

Askew, M. (2009). Landscapes of fear, horizons of trust: Villagers dealing with danger in Thailand’s insurgent south. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 40(1), 59–86.CrossRef

Baird, I. G. (2011). Questioning the precolonial, colonial and postcolonial in the context of the Brao of Souther Laos and northeastern Cambodia. ACME: An International E-journal for Critical Geographies, 10(1), 48–57.

Baldwin, R., & Kawai, M. (2013). Multilateralizing Asian regionalism. Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Working Paper, 431.

Banki, S., & Lang, H. (2008). Difficult to remain: The impact on mass resettlement. Forced Migration Review, 30, 42–44.

Bhrukasri, W. (1989). Government policy: Highland ethnic minorities. In J. McKinnon & B. Vienne (Eds.), Hill tribes today (pp. 5–31). Bangkok: White Lotus.

Brees, I. (2008). Forced displacement of Burmese people. Forced Migration Review, 30, 4–5.

Buszynski, L. (2013). The South China Sea maritime dispute: Legality, power and conflict prevention. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 1(1), 39–63.CrossRef

Chachavalpongpun, P. (2013). Thai-Cambodian conflict: The failure of ASEAN’s dispute settlement mechanisms. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 1(1), 65–86.CrossRef

Chaipigusit, P. (1989). Anarchists of the highlands? A critical review of a stereotype applied to the Lisu. In J. McKinnon & B. Vienne (Eds.), Hill tribes today (pp. 173–190). Bangkok: White Lotus.

Chalk, P. (2008). The Malay-Muslim insurgency in Southern Thailand: Understanding the conflict’s evolving dynamic. Rand Counterinsurgency Study, Paper 5.

Chandra, V., Lin, J. Y., & Wang, Y. (2013). Leading dragon phenomenon: New opportunities for catch-up in low-income countries. Asian Development Review, 30(1), 52–84.CrossRef

Cotterell, A. (2014). A history of Southeast Asia. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Private Limited.

Das, S. B. (2015a). Five facts about the ASEAN Economic Community. ISEAS Perspective, 2015-20.

Das, S. B. (2015b). Can the China-led AIIB support the ASEAN Connectivity master plan? ISEAS Perspective, 2015-30.

Das, S. B., Sen, R., & Srivastava, S. (2015). The feasibility of an ASEAN customs union post-2015. ISEAS Perspective, 2015-13.

Daviau, S. (2011). Integration of a lineage society on the Laos-Vietnam border. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in highland China, Vietnam and Laos (pp. 50–75). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Democratic Voice of Burma. (2015, August 18). KNU to sign ceasefire with Myanmar government. Bangkok Post, B1.

Ebenstein, A. (2012). Winners and losers of multinational firm entry into developing countries: Evidence from the special economic zones of the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Review, 29(1), 29–56.

Emmerson, D. K. (2007). Challenging ASEAN: A ‘topological’ view. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 29(2), 424–446.CrossRef

Evans, G. (2002). A short history of Laos: A land in between. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin.

Evard, O. (2011). Oral histories of livelihoods and migration under socialism and post-socialism among the Khmu of northern Laos. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam and Laos (pp. 76–99). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Ferguson, J. (2004). ASEAN concord II: Policy prospects for participant regional ‘development. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 26(3), 393–415.CrossRef

Forsyth, T., & Michaud, J. (2011). Rethinking the relationships between livelihoods and ethnicity in Highland China, Vietnam, and Laos. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam and Laos (pp. 1–27). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Foster, A. (2012). Creating good employment opportunities for the rural sector. Asian Development Review, 29(1), 1–28.

Fujii, T. (2017). Has the development gap between ethnic minority and majority groups narrowed in Vietnam? Evidence from household surveys. Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Working Paper Series, no. 661.

Gradín, C. (2016). Poverty and ethnicity in Asian countries. ADBI Working Paper Series, no. 624.

Gros, S. (2011). Economic marginalization and social identity among the Drung people of northwest Yunnan. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam and Laos (pp. 28–49). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Gu, J. (2015). Memory, status and identity: A psychological investigation of people living in the neighboring border areas of Vietnam and Yunnan Province in China. In W. Panyagaew & Z. Bai (Eds.), Uncertain lives: Changing borders and mobility in the borderlands of the Upper Mekong (pp. 79–88). Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University’s Regional Center for Social Science & Sustainable Development.

Hengsuwan, P. (2015). Living in fear of violence at the Thai-Burma border. In W. Panyagaew & Z. Bai (Eds.), Uncertain lives: Changing borders and mobility in the borderlands of the Upper Mekong (pp. 15–836). Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University’s Regional Center for Social Science & Sustainable Development.

Hong, Z. (2015). The Maritime Silk Road and China-Southeast Asia relations. ISEAS Perspective, 2015-34.

Huang, Y., & Wang, B. (2013). Investing overseas without moving factories abroad: The case of Chinese outward direct investment. Asian Development Review, 30(1), 85–107.CrossRef

Index of Economic Freedom. (2017). Asia-Pacific. In T. Miller & A. B. Kim (Eds.), 2017 index of economic freedom (pp. 101–195). Washington, DC/New York: Heritage Foundation & Wall Street Journal.

Ishii, K. (2012). The impact of ethnic tourism on hill tribes in Thailand. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 290–310.CrossRef

Jagan, L. (2009, February 15). Eradicating opium has become a pipe dream. Bangkok Post.

Jerryson, M. (2009). Appropriating a space for violence: State Buddhism in southern Thailand. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 40(1), 33–57.CrossRef

Jitpiromsri, S., & McCargo, D. (2008). A ministry for the south: New governance proposals for Thailand’s southern region. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30(3), 403–428.CrossRef

Juelsgaard, M. R. (2014). Lahu students in Thai schools: The cases of Som and Noi. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Contemporary socio-cultural and political perspectives in Thailand (pp. 253–265). Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRef

Kammerer, C. A. (1989). Territorial imperatives: Akha ethic identity and Thailand’s national integration. In J. McKinnon & B. Vienne (Eds.), Hill tribes today (pp. 259–301). Bangkok: White Lotus.

Kanbur, R., & Zhuang, J. (2013). Urbanization and inequality in Asia. Asian Development Review, 30(1), 131–147.CrossRef

Kaveevivijchai, N. (2013, July 15). AEC dream collides with reality. Bangkok Post, Asia/Focus, 1.

Kawai, M., & Wignaraja, G. (2007). ASEAN+3 or ASEAN+6: Which way forward? Asian Development Bank Institute, Discussion Paper, 77.

Kim, A. M. (2008). Learning to be capitalists: Entrepreneurs in Vietnam’s transition economy. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Koh, T. (2008). ASEAN at forty: Perceptions and reality. In D. Nair & L. P. Onn (Eds.), Regional outlook, Southeast Asia, 2008–2009. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Kumara, T. (2015). Decomposing spatial inequality in Sri Lanka: A quantile regression approach. In A. Heshmati, E. Maasoumi, & G. Wan (Eds.), Poverty reduction policies and practices in developing Asia (pp. 165–186). Mandaluyong City/Dordrecht: Asian Development Bank & Springer.

Larkin, S. (2015a). China’s “Great Leap Outward:” The AIIB in context. ISEAS Perspective, 2015-27.

Larkin, S. (2015b). The conflicted role of the AIIB in Southeast Asia. ISEAS Perspective, 2015-23.

Larkin, S. (2015c). Multiple challenges for the AIIB. ISEAS Perspective, 2015-33.

Lee, J. (2015). Japan’s strategic role in Southeast Asia: A cause for concern? ISEAS Perspective, 2015-28.

Lertchavalitsakul, B. (2015). An intrusion into the transnational kitchen: the foodways of Shan labor migrants in urban Chiang Mai, Thailand. In W. Panyagaew & Z. Bai (Eds.), Uncertain lives: Changing borders and mobility in the borderlands of the Upper Mekong (pp. 125–154). Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University’s Regional Center for Social Science & Sustainable Development.

Lortanavanit, D. (2009). Decentralization, empowerment and tourism development: Pai Town in Mae Hong Son, Thailand. Southeast Asian Studies, 47(2), 150–179.

McCargo, D. (2009). The politics of Buddhist identity in Thailand’s deep south: The demise of civil religion? Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 40(1), 11–31.CrossRef

McGee, T. (2011). Foreword. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam and Laos. Vancouver: UBC Press.

McKinnon, J. (1989). Structural assimilation and the consensus: Clearing grounds on which to rearrange our thoughts. In J. McKinnon & B. Vienne (Eds.), Hill tribes today (pp. 303–360). Bangkok: White Lotus.

McKinnon, J. (2011). Hani agency and ways of seeing environmental change on the China-Vietnam border. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam and Laos (pp. 123–145). Vancouver: UBC Press.

McKinnon, J., & Vienne, B. (1989). Introduction: Critics words for critical days. In J. McKinnon & B. Vienne (Eds.), Hill tribes today (pp. xix–xxvii). Bangkok: White Lotus.

Mellac, M. (2011). Land reform and changing identities in two Tai-speaking districts in northern Vietnam. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam and Laos (pp. 146–172). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Miller, T., & Kim, A. B. (2015). Global and regional trends in economic freedom. In T. Miller & A. B. Kim (Eds.), 2015 index of economic freedom (pp. 69–90). Washington, DC/New York: Heritage Foundation and Wall Street Journal.

Moeller, J. O. (2007). ASEAN’s relations with the European Union: Obstacles and opportunities. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 29(3), 465–482.CrossRef

Montlake, S. (2008, October 10). Vanishing Asia: A written thread: How exiles keep the Shan language alive. The Wall Street Journal Asia, W.9.

Oh, S. A. (2015). On the Rohingya, statelessness and “trafficking:” Separating the fundamental from the sensational. ISEAS Perspective, 2015-32.

Osborne, M. (1990). Southeast Asia: An illustrated introductory history. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

Peng, M., Wang, D., & Jiang, Y. (2008). An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(5), 920–936.CrossRef

Petry, J. (1993). The sword of the spirit: Christians, Karens, colonialists, and the creation of a nation of Burma. Doctoral dissertation, Rice University, Houston (UMI No. 9408655).

Phommavong, S. (2011). International tourism development and poverty reduction in Lao PDR. Doctoral dissertation, UMEA University, Sweden.

Phothiart, P. (1989). Karen: When the wind blows. In J. McKinnon & B. Vienne (Eds.), Hill tribes today (pp. 369–392). Bangkok: White Lotus.

Rajah, A. (2008). Remaining Karen: A study of cultural reproduction and the maintenance of identity. Canberra: Australian National University Press.CrossRef

Ruan, Z. (2013, August 28). Securing a strong partnership. China Daily, p. 8.

Severino, R. (2013). The rise of Chinese power and the impact on Southeast Asia. ISEAS Perspective, 2013-32.

Shukla, K. (2008). The international community’s responsibility to protect. Forced Migration Review, 30, 7–9.

Siriphon, A. (2006). Local knowledge, dynamism and the politics of struggle: A case study of the Hmong in Northern Thailand. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 37(1), 65–81.CrossRef

Siriphon, A. (2015). Trans-border trade, changing gender roles and empowerment: Tai traders along the Yunnan-Burma border. In W. Panyagaew & Z. Bai (Eds.), Uncertain lives: Changing borders and mobility in the borderlands of the Upper Mekong (pp. 63–78). Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University’s Regional Center for Social Science & Sustainable Development.

Smith, A. L. (2004). ASEAN’s ninth summit: Solidifying regional cohesion, advancing external linkages. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 26(3), 416–433.CrossRef

South, A. (2007). Karen nationalist communities: The ‘problem’ of diversity. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 29(1), 55–76.CrossRef

Storey, I. (2015). China’s terraforming in the Spratlys: A game changer in the South China Sea? ISEAS Perspective, 2015-29.

Sturgeon, J. C. (2011). Rubber transformations: Post-socialist livelihoods and identities for Akha and Tai Lue farmers in Xishuangbanna, China. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam and Laos (pp. 193–214). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Suraratdecha, S. (2014). Language and cultural rights in the ethnic revival movement of the Black Tai in Khaoyoi, Petchaburi. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Contemporary socio-cultural and political perspectives in Thailand (pp. 237–252). Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRef

Suzuki, Y. (2011). Vision as an interactive practice: Focusing on the influences of global tourism on the Moken “Sea Nomads”. Journal of Area-Based Global Studies (AGLOS), 2, 47–82.

Swain, M. (2011). Commoditized ethnicity for tourism development in Yunnan. In J. Michaud & T. Forsyth (Eds.), Moving mountains: Ethnicity and livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam and Laos (pp. 173–192). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Tang, S. M. (2015). The politics of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). Trends in Southeast Asia, 2015-10.

Theerapappisit, P. (2012). The bottom-up approach of community-based ethnic tourism: A case study in Chiang Rai. In M. Kasimoglu (Ed.), Strategies for tourism industry – Micro and macro perspectives, In Tech. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/strategies-for-tourism-industry-micro-and-macro-perspectives/the-bottom-up-approach-of-community-based-ethnic-tourism-a-case-study-in-chiang-rai

Theparat, C. (2013, January 21). GMS needs $9bn more. Bangkok Post, p. B1.

Thuzar, M. (2015). ASEAN Community 2015: What’s in it for the region? ISEAS Perspective, 2015-9.

To, P. (2011). Forest conflicts in the Vietnamese uplands of Ba Vi National Park: A case study. In C. Vaddhanaphuti & C. Wittayapakm (Eds.), Revisiting agrarian transformations in the Greater Mekong Sub-region: New challenges (pp. 160–184). Chaing Mai: Chaing Mai University’s Regional Center for Social Science & Sustainable Development.

Tran, V. T. (2013). The middle-income trap: Issues for members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. ADBI Working Paper, 421.

Troilo, M. (2010). Microenterprise start-up: A cross cultural comparison. In J. Munoz (Ed.), Contemporary micro-enterprise: Concepts and cases (pp. 9–19). Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Trupp, A. (2011). Exhibiting the ‘other’ then and now: ‘Human Zoos’ in southern China and Thailand. ASEAS – Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 4(1), 139–149.

Trupp, A. (2014a). Rural-urban migration and ethnic minority enterprise. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Contemporary socio-cultural and political perspectives in Thailand (pp. 267–282). Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRef

Trupp, A. (2014b). Host perspectives on ethnic minority tourism in northern Thailand. Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice, 6(1), 52–80.

Uttama, N. P. (2015). Foreign direct investment and the poverty reduction nexus in Southeast Asia. In A. Heshmati, E. Maasoumi, & G. Wan (Eds.), Poverty reduction policies and practices in developing Asia (pp. 281–298). Mandaluyong City/Dordrecht: Asian Development Bank & Springer.

Walton, M. J. (2008). Ethnicity, conflict, and history in Burma: The myths of Panglong. Asian Survey, 48(6), 889–910.CrossRef

Warr, P. (2015). Poverty reduction and the composition of growth in the greater Mekong economies. In A. Balisacan, U. Chakravorty, & M. L. Ravago (Eds.), Sustainable economic development: Resources, environment, and institutions (pp. 469–482). Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRef

Weng, L. (2008). An enduring culture. The Irrawaddy, 16(4), 28–29.

Wignaraja, G. (2012). Engaging small and medium enterprises in production networks: Firm-level analysis of five ASEAN economies. Asian Development Bank Institution (ADBI) Working Paper, 361.

Wignaraja, G. (2013). Regional trade agreements and enterprises in Southeast Asia. ABDI Working Paper, 442.

Winzeler, R. L. (2011). The peoples of Southeast Asia today: Ethnography, ethnology, and change in a complex region. Lanham: AltaMira Press.

Zheng, Y., & Zeng, J. (2015). Transnational ethnic flows and national identity construction: The case of a Miao/Hmong village. In W. Panyagaew & Z. Bai (Eds.), Uncertain lives: Changing borders and mobility in the borderlands of the Upper Mekong (pp. 109–124). Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University’s Regional Center for Social Science & Sustainable Development.

Zhu, Z. (2010). Mekong development and China’s (Yunnan) participation in the greater Mekong subregion cooperation. Ritsumeikan International Affairs, 8, 1–16.

Titel: Mainland Southeast Asia’s Regional Integration and Ethnic Minority Communities
verfasst von: Scott Hipsher
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Poverty Reduction, the Private Sector, and Tourism in Mainland Southeast Asia
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5947-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-5948-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5948-3_4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"