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2014 | Buch

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Manufacturing and Service Enterprise with Risks II

The Physics and Economics of Management

verfasst von: Masayuki Matsui

Verlag: Springer Japan

Buchreihe : International Series in Operations Research & Management Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book presents recent work in the physics and economics of management through the developmental theory and practice of management science/operations research (MS/OR) that goes beyond the author’s earlier book on the same subject. (Volume 125 in Springer’s MS/OR series) This current work makes a useful contribution to the next-generation discrete system of science and management for a better society.

The scope of the book is focused on the science and management of the 3M&I–Time system in the discrete world, where that system is a complex class consisting of humans, material/machine, money and time. The system is treated by a stochastic/intelligence (medium) approach. The science of this system is the interdisciplinary science of physics, management, economics and related fields and is based on synthesis and intelligence in the new discrete world. Here, this domain is referred to as a discrete and complex science (of physics and economics) in industry and society.

Another domain, which is referred to as higher management science and operations in this book, stems from the change in traditional management to higher management driven by the power of information and communications technology (ICT) in the cloud computing/global age. This domain exists to meet the needs of logic for real-time/systematic decisions and management in a changeable, speeded-up, and risk environment.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Problem and Preliminaries

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Management Issues in the Cloud-ICT Age

Abstract

So-called traditional management is central to static/statistical (mean) issues in Gaussian classes. In the cloud-ICT age, stochastic/intelligence (medium) issues are necessary in real-time and complex environments to improve society. This chapter presents the four views and one remark in management issues in the cloud-ICT age.

Masayuki Matsui

Chapter 2. Discrete Science and Knowledge Form

Abstract

This chapter introduces two knowledge forms, namely Matsui’s form and Chameleon’s criteria in the discrete world, and lays the basis for the physics and economics of management. The former is Matsui’s (1977) equation (W = ZL) and its circumference in the cyclic view. This form includes the generalized EOQ formula in 1913, Little’s formula in 1961, and Ohm’s law in physics. The latter is Muda’s form, which represents new criteria for the economic efficiency vs. ‘muda’ (loss) problem and control in the limited-cycle view. These relative criteria control are applicable to the standard vs. allowance time in time study as well as to inventory control, marginal profit and financial problems in enterprises.

Masayuki Matsui

Basic Method for Higher Management

Frontmatter

Chapter 3. Traffic Accounting Method

Abstract

Accounting information per unit time is critical for today’s corporate management because it is useful information to keep track of the actual situation of a business and to take corrective actions on a timely basis. Advanced accounting information is also necessary to analyze business performance and take timely strategic business actions. However, an ordinary accounting information system analyzes business information without considering the variable utilization rate of corporate facilities.

A higher utilization rate results in a longer lead-time and therefore higher inventory costs, whereas lower utilization results in higher idle costs. In other words, an optimal utilization rate exists in all systems, and thus, an advanced management approach that considers this rate is necessary to maintain and improve profit. This chapter presents the practical evolution of an accounting information system called traffic accounting, which considers the real-time utilization of systems, such as manufacturing management systems with/without loss.

Masayuki Matsui

Chapter 4. Progressive Control Method

Abstract

Some traditional methods of inventory control are statistical approaches that cannot deal with real demand fluctuations in modern society. In this chapter, we develop a look-ahead method for on-demand supply by using the pull-type progressive control method and apply it to inventory control in each stage of the supply chain. The presented method is an innovative/stochastic approach to supply chain control that provides an effective tool for demand-to-supply SCM in the RFID age (medium control tool). The key concept is the introduction of moving-standard inventory using the newsvendor problem and Matsui’s logic for its look-ahead. Several case studies are presented using the ODICS software, which is employed by wholesalers, distributors, and manufacturers, and notable reductions in inventory are shown in all cases.

Masayuki Matsui

Developments for Higher Management

Frontmatter

Chapter 5. Performance System for Real-Time Management

Abstract

There is a stochastic/intelligence enterprise problem in real-time and big data environments. These problems are illustrated in this chapter. Real-time management must be promoted, with the look-ahead balancing problem with delays (lead-time) becoming more important to enterprises. This problem includes the black-boxed treatment of larger delays (gains) to feed-forward control, which appears in larger ship control and would bring the newer and forthcoming subject beyond the feedback focus in traditional control theory. Section 5.1 presents a sandwich theory and develops a real-time theory and a look-ahead logic with delays to model enterprise-organizational behavior under big data. Also, Sect. 5.2 focuses on another performance-indexing method and decision system using a matrix approach (white-box type), and would give the scenario thinking for strategy.

Masayuki Matsui

Chapter 6. Invisible Balancing/Collaboration of Enterprises

Abstract

The well-known invisible hand in economics is hypothesized to cause a win-win situation in the division of work. The invisible hand is regarded here as the demand speed in Matsui (2008), and the system balancing problem by demand speed is considered to be stochastic under a station-centered approach. This chapter discusses a stochastic approach to system or risk balancing/re-balancing by demand speed based on an assembly line toward a demand (supply) chain and presents a fundamental theory for the cost/profit balancing of under and excess penalties based on demand speed. The next Sect. 6.2, focuses on the K-center model of series/parallel types in the invisible balancing/collaboration of enterprises.

Masayuki Matsui

Soft Tools Toward Post-ERP/SCM

Frontmatter

Chapter 7. SALPS for Stochastic Assembly Line

Abstract

Numerous studies based on a deterministic or stochastic approach have examined ALSs. However, no stochastic models have yet been found that are able to deal with the simultaneous determination of cycle time and buffers. We have already presented a two stage design method for the simultaneous determination using an SCA. This chapter therefore develops SALPS for the stopper/no-stopper type using the two-stage design method. SALPS consists of (area) line balancing, buffer design (items/time), and a pair strategy map. This Matsui–Yamada method can adjust strategically to follow demand changes according to the pair strategy map consisting of cycle times (input) and the number of stations (output). A numerical example for SALPS performance is given and the ellipse theory in the pair strategy map is discussed.

Masayuki Matsui

Chapter 8. DSMAP for Demand-to-Supply Planning

Abstract

The SCM age causes companies to produce excess inventories as well as long order fulfillment times. For the collaboration of the sales and production functions, a DSMAP is developed by using Matsui and Takahashi’s method. This map consists of a row for demand speed and a column for the smoothing factor, while the respective elements indicate the indices in economics and reliability on collaboration. This chapter presents a theory and an effective planning tool, called the planner, for collaborative demand-to-supply management based on the strategic demand-to-supply map. The planner consists of demand forecasting, aggregate planning, the strategic map, a scheduler, and progressive analysis. The effectiveness of the planner is demonstrated using a numerical example.

Masayuki Matsui

Backmatter

Titel: Manufacturing and Service Enterprise with Risks II
verfasst von: Masayuki Matsui
Verlag: Springer Japan
Electronic ISBN: 978-4-431-54619-1
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54618-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54619-1