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2023 | Buch

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Materials Chemistry

verfasst von: Bradley D. Fahlman

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This award-winning textbook delivers an earnest and comprehensive treatment of the rapidly evolving field of Materials Chemistry. It addresses inorganic-, organic-, and nano-based materials from a structure vs. property treatment, providing a suitable breadth and depth coverage of the field—in a concise and accessible format.

The updated 4th edition features significant updates to glasses and ceramics, solid-state impurities, nanomaterial toxicity, as well as materials used in energy storage, photovoltaic, and electronics applications. Advanced fabrication techniques such as additive manufacturing (3-D printing) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) characterization of suspended nanoparticles are now also included. This new edition also expands the coverage of sustainability and life cycle analysis, of increasing importance for a world plagued with the effects of climate change.

Recognized by a 2008 Textbook Excellence Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association (TAA), Fahlman’s Materials Chemistry is ideal for upper-level undergraduate students, as well as first-year graduate students in chemistry, physics, or engineering fields, and may also serve as a valuable reference to industrial researchers. Each chapter concludes with a section that describes important materials applications and an updated list of thought-provoking questions.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. What is “Materials Chemistry”?

Abstract

Since ancient times, societies have manipulated materials in their surroundings to fabricate items that address a societal need and/or desire. This opening chapter of Materials Chemistry will provide a historical perspective of materials discovery, and how new techniques such as machine learning will be extremely important for future discoveries. Details regarding materials sustainability and life cycle analysis are also provided.

Bradley D. Fahlman

Chapter 2. Solid-State Chemistry

Abstract

The properties of materials are governed by the interactions among its associated sub-units. This chapter will describe the bonding motifs of both crystalline and amorphous solids. Details of common archetypical crystal structures will be given, as well as introductory X-ray crystallography. The various types of defects in solids are also described, which are critical in understanding electrical conductivity and optical properties of crystalline solids. The structure vs. property relationship for key classes of materials such as ceramics, glasses, semiconductors, insulators, and gemstones will be described for a myriad of applications.

Bradley D. Fahlman

Chapter 3. Metals

Abstract

From bronzes to copper- and iron-based alloys, metallic weaponry and artifacts represent some of the earliest types of materials that date back to the earliest civilizations. This chapter will describe metallurgical methodologies that are used to isolate various metals from their ores, as well as processing used in the steel-making industry. The benefits of powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing are also highlighted, as compared to standard bulk processing techniques. Detailed structural descriptions of various alloys and steels are provided, with a discussion of how their microstructure affects overall physical properties, such as hardening mechanisms shape-memory, magnetism, and reversible hydrogen storage.

Bradley D. Fahlman

Chapter 4. Semiconductors

Abstract

Without question, semiconductors represent the most utilized and under-appreciated class of materials in our society. From our cell phones that keep us connected to the world around us, to our vehicles that bring us home from work each day, semiconductor-based computer chips impact virtually every part of our lives. This chapter will describe the types and properties of semiconductors, and applications such as integrated circuits (chips), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), thermoelectrics, and photovoltaics (solar panels). Thin-film deposition techniques such as chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition are also described, as well as advanced patterning techniques such as EUV photolithography.

Bradley D. Fahlman

Chapter 5. Polymeric Materials

Abstract

Plastics represent one of the most pervasive types of materials in our society. This chapter describes the structure, formation mechanisms, and nomenclature of various classes of polymers. The applications described in this chapter span biomaterials (e.g., biodegradable medical stents, contact lenses, drug delivery), lithography, conductive polymers, polymer additives, and self-healing plastics.

Bradley D. Fahlman

Chapter 6. Nanomaterials

Abstract

Nanotechnology is more than science fiction or a passing fad. The synthesis of nanoscale materials is used to fine-tune the properties of any existing solid-state material, or design an entirely new material from the bottom-up to afford a desired set of properties. This chapter begins by discussing the increasingly relevant topic of nanotoxicity for various classes of nanomaterials. Structures, properties, applications and synthetic techniques for a variety of 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D nanomaterials are described throughout this chapter, citing many precedents from the scientific literature.

Bradley D. Fahlman

Chapter 7. Materials Characterization

Abstract

Once a material has been fabricated, how does one assess whether the synthetic technique has been successful? This chapter describes a plethora of sophisticated techniques that may be used to characterize the structure of various classes of materials. Precedents from the literature are used to provide examples of real-world characterization studies to illustrate the utility of the various techniques.

Bradley D. Fahlman

Backmatter

Titel: Materials Chemistry
verfasst von: Bradley D. Fahlman
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-18784-1
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-18783-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18784-1

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