nach oben

Erschienen in:

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Measurement Methods

verfasst von : Bryan L. Hoskins, James A. Milke

Erschienen in: Study of Movement Speeds Down Stairs

Verlag: Springer New York

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Several authors have previously conducted studies that looked at movement speeds and human behavior while descending stairs. However, when estimating the movement speed of people, these authors tended to concentrate on the general characteristics of the entire population rather than those of the individuals. The previous studies tended to only consider average values for all observations or individuals in isolation.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Study Types

Nächstes Kapitel Additional Variables

Excluding the compiled studies that only gave rules of thumb or generalized findings.

Averill JD, Mileti DS, Peacock RD, Kuligowski ED, Groner N, Proulx G, Reneke PA Nelson HE (2005) Occupant behavior, egress, and emergency communication. Federal building and fire safety investigation of the World Trade Center disaster. National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST NCSTAR 1–7

Blair AJ (2010) The effect of stair width on occupant speed and flow of high rise buildings. MS thesis, University of Maryland, College Park

Boyce KE, Shields TJ, Silcock GWH (1999) Toward the characterization of building occupancies for fire safety engineering: capabilities of disabled people moving horizontally and on an incline. Fire Technol 35(1):51–67CrossRef

Daly PN, McGrath F, Annesley TJ (1991) Pedestrian speed/flow relationships for underground stations. Traffic Eng Control 32(2):75–78

Frantzich H (1994) A model for performance-based design of escape routes. Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University

Frantzich H (1996) Study of movement on stairs during evacuation using video analysis techniques. Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University

Fruin JJ (1971a) Pedestrian planning and design. Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners, New York

Fruin JJ (1971b) Designing for pedestrians: a level of service concept. Transp Res Rec 355:1–15

Fujiyama T, Tyler N (2004) An explicit study on walking speeds of pedestrians on stairs. Presented at 10th international conference on mobility and transport for elderly and disabled people, Hamamatsu

Galbreath M (1969) Time of evacuation by stairs in high buildings. National Research Council of Canada, fire research note No. 8

Galea ER, Blake S (2004) Collection and analysis of human behaviour data appearing in the mass media relating to the evacuation of the World Trade Centre towers of 11 September 2001. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister

Galea ER, Hulse L, Day R, Siddiqui A, Sharp G (2009) The UK WTC 9/11 evacuation study: an overview of the methodologies employed and some analysis relating to fatigue, stair travel speeds and occupant response times. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on human behaviour in fire, Robinson College, Cambridge, pp 27–40

Gwynne SMV, Rosenbaum ER (2008) Employing the hydraulic model in assessing emergency movement. In: DiNenno P (ed) The SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering, 4th edn. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy

Hoskins BL (2011) The effects of interactions and individual characteristics on egress down stairs. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

Hostikka S, Paloposki T, Rinne T, Saari J, Korhonen T, Heliövaara S (2007) Evacuation experiments in offices and public buildings. VTT, Working Papers 85

Joint Committee (1952) Fire grading of buildings part III precautions relating to personal safety. Post-war Building Studies Number 29:22–95

Kagawa M, Kose S, Morishita Y (1985) Movement of people on stairs during fire evacuation Drill-Japanese experience in a Highrise office building. Fire safety science In: Proceedings of the 1st international symposium, Gaithersburg, pp 533–540

Khisty CJ (1985) Pedestrian flow characteristics on stairways during disaster evacuation. Transp Res Rec 1047:97–102

Kratchman JA (2007) An investigation on the effects of firefighter counterflow and human behavior in a six-story building evacuation. MS thesis, University of Maryland, College Park

Lee JYS, Lam WHK (2006) Variation of walking speeds on a unidirectional walkway and on a bidirectional stairway. Transp Res Rec 1982:122–131CrossRef

London Transport Board (1958) Second report of the operational research team on the capacity of footways. London Transport Board research report No. 95

Melinek SJ, Booth S (1975) An analysis of evacuation times and the movement of crowds in buildings. Building research establishment, current paper 96/75

National Bureau of Standards (1935) Design and construction of building exits. National Bureau of Standards, miscellaneous publication M151

Pauls JL (1971) Evacuation drill held in the BC hydro building 26 June 1969. National Research Council of Canada, building research report 80

Pauls JL (1980) Building evacuation: research findings and recommendations. In: Cantor D (ed) Fires and human behaviour. Wiley, New York, pp 251–275

Pauls J (1984) The movement of people in buildings and design solutions for means of egress. Fire Technol 20(1):27–47CrossRef

Pauls JL, Jones BK (1980) Building evacuation: research methods and case studies. In: Cantor D (ed) Fires and human behaviour. Wiley, New York, pp 227–249

Peacock RD, Averill JD, Kuligowski ED (2009) Stairwell evacuations from buildings: what we know we don’t know. National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST technical note 1624

Peacock RD, Hoskins BL, Kuligowski ED (2011) Overall and local movement speeds during fire drill evacuations in buildings up to 31 stories. In: Peacock RD, Kuligowski ED, Averill JD (eds) Pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, 2010 conference. Springer, New York, pp 25–36CrossRef

Predtechenskii VM, Milinskii AI (1978) Planning for foot traffic flow in buildings (trans: Sivaramakrishnan MM). Amerind Publishing, New Delhi

Proulx G (1995) Evacuation time and movement in apartment buildings. Fire Saf J 24(3):229–246CrossRef

Proulx G (2008) Evacuation timing. In: DiNenno P (ed) The SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering, 4th edn. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy

Proulx G, Latour JC, Maclaurin JW, Pineau J, Hoffman LE, Laroche C (1995) Housing evacuation of mixed ability occupants in highrise buildings. National Research Council of Canada, internal report 706

Proulx G, Kaufman A, Pineau J (1996) Evacuation times and movement in office buildings. National Research Council of Canada, internal report 711

Proulx G, Tiller DK, Kyle BR, Creak J (1999) Assessment of photoluminescent material during office occupant evacuation. National Research Council of Canada, internal report 774

Proulx G, Bénichou N, Hum JK, Restivo KN (2007) Evaluation of the effectiveness of different photoluminescent stairwell installations for the evacuation of office building occupants. National Research Council of Canada, research report 232

Shields TJ, Boyce KE, Silcock GWH, Dunne B (1997) The impact of a wheelchair bound evacuee on the speed and flow of evacuees in a stairway during an uncontrolled unannounced evacuation. J Appl Fire Sci 7(1):29–39

Shields TJ, Boyce KE, McConnell N (2009) The behaviour and evacuation experiences of WTC 9/11 evacuees with self-designated mobility impairments. Fire Saf J 44:881–893CrossRef

Smith RA (1995) Density, velocity, and flow relationships for closely packed crowds. Saf Sci 18:321–327CrossRef

Tanaboriboon Y, Guyano JA (1991) Analysis of pedestrian movements in Bangkok. Transp Res Rec 1294:52–56

Templer JA (1992) The staircase: studies of hazards, falls and safer design. The MIT Press, Cambridge

Wright MS, Cook GK, Webber GMB (2001) The effects of smoke on people’s walking speeds using overhead lighting and Wayguidance provision. Human behavior in fire, In: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium, MIT

Ye J, Chen X, Yang C, Wu J (2008) Walking behavior and pedestrian flow characteristics for different types of walking facilities. Transp Res Rec 2048:43–51CrossRef

Titel: Measurement Methods
verfasst von: Bryan L. Hoskins
James A. Milke
Verlag: Springer New York
Buch: Study of Movement Speeds Down Stairs
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3972-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-3973-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3973-8_2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"