Skip to main content

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Measuring Institutional Quality: A Review

verfasst von : Ali Hussein Samadi, Masoumeh Alipourian

Erschienen in: Dynamics of Institutional Change in Emerging Market Economies

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

To empirically assess the role of institutions and institutional quality in economic performance, it is necessary to select the proxy variable(s) for institutional quality. Although several indicators have been suggested in the literature, individuals and international organizations are still trying to introduce indicators that reflect the actual institutional quality of various countries. As institutions have different dimensions, several indicators have been suggested in the literature to measure the quality of institutions. However, there is no consensus among experts on which index should be used.
Each scholar, especially those in transition countries, has used a different proxy variable, depending on the limitations to data access, to measure institutional quality. However, the key question is whether any indicator can be used as a proxy variable to determine institutional quality. The main purpose of this chapter is to answer this important question. To this end, most of the existing indicators are described descriptively and some important points regarding the use of each indicator are made. In addition, some indicators, including the rule of law and property rights as two measures of the quality of legal-economic institutions, are described in more detail.
The literature review showed that not all indicators had a common characteristic. In fact, different indicators were proposed for each specific institution; thus, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of empirical studies.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
For more on these two interpretations and the advantages of thin interpretation of RoL, see Moller (2018) and Bender (2018).
 
2
See Versteeg and Ginsburg (2017) or https://​worldjusticeproj​ect.​org ›our-work› wjp-rule-law-index for further details.
 
3
The detail of calculation and further explanation of this index are given in Voigt (2012, pp. 270–276).
 
4
The detail of calculation and further explanation of this index can be found in Nardulli et al. (2013, pp. 165–175).
 
5
For further detail on the calculation of this index, see Wang et al. (2019, pp. 277–278).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Alchian, A. A. 1977 [1965], “Some Economics of property rights”, Il Politico, 30:816–829, reprinted in Alchian, A. A., Economic Forces at work, Indianapolis: Liberty fund. Alchian, A. A. 1977 [1965], “Some Economics of property rights”, Il Politico, 30:816–829, reprinted in Alchian, A. A., Economic Forces at work, Indianapolis: Liberty fund.
Zurück zum Zitat Alonso, J. A., & Garciamartin, C. (2009). The determinants of institutional quality: More on the debate. Últimos Títulos Publicados, WP03/09. Alonso, J. A., & Garciamartin, C. (2009). The determinants of institutional quality: More on the debate. Últimos Títulos Publicados, WP03/09.
Zurück zum Zitat Apodaca, C. (2004). The rule of law and human rights. Judicature, 87(6), 292–299. Apodaca, C. (2004). The rule of law and human rights. Judicature, 87(6), 292–299.
Zurück zum Zitat Banks, A. S. (1971). Cross-polity time-series data. Cambridge: MIT Press. Banks, A. S. (1971). Cross-polity time-series data. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Barzel, Y. (1989). Economic analysis of property rights (political economy of institutions and decisions). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Barzel, Y. (1989). Economic analysis of property rights (political economy of institutions and decisions). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Beck, T., Clarke, G., Groff, A., Keefer, P., & Walsh, P. (2001). New tools in comparative political economy: The database of political institutions. World Bank Economic Review, 15(1), 165–176.CrossRef Beck, T., Clarke, G., Groff, A., Keefer, P., & Walsh, P. (2001). New tools in comparative political economy: The database of political institutions. World Bank Economic Review, 15(1), 165–176.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bender, A. (2018). The promise of a thick view, In Handbook on the Rule of Law, Christopher May and Adam Winchester (Editors), Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. Bender, A. (2018). The promise of a thick view, In Handbook on the Rule of Law, Christopher May and Adam Winchester (Editors), Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
Zurück zum Zitat Bingham, T. (2010, November). The rule of law. The British Journal of Criminology, 50(6), 1202–1205. Bingham, T. (2010, November). The rule of law. The British Journal of Criminology, 50(6), 1202–1205.
Zurück zum Zitat Bovard, J. (2000). Property and liberty. Foundation for Economic Education. Articles (Justice) September 1. Bovard, J. (2000). Property and liberty. Foundation for Economic Education. Articles (Justice) September 1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bromley, D. W., & Cernea, M. M. (1989). The management of common property natural resources: Some conceptual and operational fallacies. Washington, DC: World Bank. Bromley, D. W., & Cernea, M. M. (1989). The management of common property natural resources: Some conceptual and operational fallacies. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Zurück zum Zitat Butkiewicz, J. L., & Yanikkaya, H. (2006). Institutional quality and economic growth: Maintenance of the rule of law or democratic institutions, or both? Economic Modelling 23, 648–661. Butkiewicz, J. L., & Yanikkaya, H. (2006). Institutional quality and economic growth: Maintenance of the rule of law or democratic institutions, or both? Economic Modelling 23, 648–661.
Zurück zum Zitat Chong, A., & Zanforlin, L. (2004). Inward-looking policies, institutions autocrats, and economic growth in Latin American: An empirical exploration. Public Choice, 121, 335–361.CrossRef Chong, A., & Zanforlin, L. (2004). Inward-looking policies, institutions autocrats, and economic growth in Latin American: An empirical exploration. Public Choice, 121, 335–361.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Clague, C., Keefer, P., Knack, S., & Olson, M. (1996). Property and contract rights in autocracies and democracies. Journal of Economic Growth, 1, 243–276.CrossRef Clague, C., Keefer, P., Knack, S., & Olson, M. (1996). Property and contract rights in autocracies and democracies. Journal of Economic Growth, 1, 243–276.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Clague, C., et al. (1997). Democracy, autocracy, and the institutions supportive of economic growth. In C. Clague (Ed.), Institutions and economic development. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. Clague, C., et al. (1997). Democracy, autocracy, and the institutions supportive of economic growth. In C. Clague (Ed.), Institutions and economic development. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Clague, C., Keefer, P., Knack, S., & Olson, M. (1999). Contract-intensive money: Contract enforcement property rights, and economic performance. Journal of Economic Growth, 4, 185–211.CrossRef Clague, C., Keefer, P., Knack, S., & Olson, M. (1999). Contract-intensive money: Contract enforcement property rights, and economic performance. Journal of Economic Growth, 4, 185–211.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Commons, J. R. (1950). The economic of collective action. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Commons, J. R. (1950). The economic of collective action. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Coase, R. (1960). The problem of social cost. The Journal Of Law & Economics, 3, 1–44. Coase, R. (1960). The problem of social cost. The Journal Of Law & Economics, 3, 1–44.
Zurück zum Zitat Demsetz, H. (1967). Toward a theory of property rights. The American Economic Review, 57(2). Papers and proceedings of the seventy-ninth annual meeting of the American Economic Association, May 1967, pp. 347–359. Demsetz, H. (1967). Toward a theory of property rights. The American Economic Review, 57(2). Papers and proceedings of the seventy-ninth annual meeting of the American Economic Association, May 1967, pp. 347–359.
Zurück zum Zitat Dincer, O. C. (2007). The effects of property rights on economic performance. Applied Economics, 39(7), 825–839.CrossRef Dincer, O. C. (2007). The effects of property rights on economic performance. Applied Economics, 39(7), 825–839.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2003). Courts. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(2), 453–517.CrossRef Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2003). Courts. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(2), 453–517.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dutta, N., & Kar, S. (2018). Relating rule of law and budgetary allocation for tourism: Does per capita income growth make a difference for Indian states? Economic Modelling, 71, 263–271.CrossRef Dutta, N., & Kar, S. (2018). Relating rule of law and budgetary allocation for tourism: Does per capita income growth make a difference for Indian states? Economic Modelling, 71, 263–271.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Eggertsson, T. (1990). Economic behavior and institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. xv+385, $17.95.CrossRef Eggertsson, T. (1990). Economic behavior and institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. xv+385, $17.95.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fedderke, J. W., de Kadt, R. H. J., & Luiz, J. M. (2001). Indicators of political liberty, property rights and political instability in South Africa: 1935–97. International Review of Law and Economic, 21, 103–139.CrossRef Fedderke, J. W., de Kadt, R. H. J., & Luiz, J. M. (2001). Indicators of political liberty, property rights and political instability in South Africa: 1935–97. International Review of Law and Economic, 21, 103–139.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Feld, L., & Voight, S. (2003). Economic growth and judicial Independence: Cross-country evidence using a new set of indicators. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(2), 497–527.CrossRef Feld, L., & Voight, S. (2003). Economic growth and judicial Independence: Cross-country evidence using a new set of indicators. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(2), 497–527.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Furuboton, E. G., & Pejovich, S. (Eds.). (1974). The economics of property rights. New York: Ballinger Publishing Company. Furuboton, E. G., & Pejovich, S. (Eds.). (1974). The economics of property rights. New York: Ballinger Publishing Company.
Zurück zum Zitat Ginsburg, T. (2018). Difficulties with measuring the rule of law. In C. May & A. Winchester (Eds.), Handbook on the rule of law. Northampton: Edward Elgar. Ginsburg, T. (2018). Difficulties with measuring the rule of law. In C. May & A. Winchester (Eds.), Handbook on the rule of law. Northampton: Edward Elgar.
Zurück zum Zitat Glaeser, E. L., et al. (2004). Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth, 9, 271–303.CrossRef Glaeser, E. L., et al. (2004). Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth, 9, 271–303.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haggard, S., & Tiede, L. (2011). The rule of law and economic growth: Where are we? World Development, 39(5), 673–685.CrossRef Haggard, S., & Tiede, L. (2011). The rule of law and economic growth: Where are we? World Development, 39(5), 673–685.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haji Ibrahim, M. (1996). Property rights security and savings behavior in developing countries. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Washington University. Haji Ibrahim, M. (1996). Property rights security and savings behavior in developing countries. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Washington University.
Zurück zum Zitat Henisz, W. J. (2000). The institutional environment for economic growth. Economics and Politics, 12(1), 1–31.CrossRef Henisz, W. J. (2000). The institutional environment for economic growth. Economics and Politics, 12(1), 1–31.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Howard, R. M., & Carey, H. F. (2004). Is an independent judiciary necessary for democracy? Judicature, 87(6), 284–290. Howard, R. M., & Carey, H. F. (2004). Is an independent judiciary necessary for democracy? Judicature, 87(6), 284–290.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, S., McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2002). Property rights and finance. The American Economic Review, 92(5), 1335–1356.CrossRef Johnson, S., McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2002). Property rights and finance. The American Economic Review, 92(5), 1335–1356.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Karimi, Z. (1995). Several articles on the institutional barriers to economic development. Tehran: Majlis Research Center. Karimi, Z. (1995). Several articles on the institutional barriers to economic development. Tehran: Majlis Research Center.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2010). The worldwide governance indicators: Methodology and analytical issues. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5430. Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2010). The worldwide governance indicators: Methodology and analytical issues. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5430.
Zurück zum Zitat Keefer, P., & Knack, S. (2002). Polarization, politics and property rights and growth. Public Choice, 111, 127–154.CrossRef Keefer, P., & Knack, S. (2002). Polarization, politics and property rights and growth. Public Choice, 111, 127–154.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Khalid, U. (2016), Catch-up in institutional quality: An empirical assessment, CREDIT Research Paper, No. 16/04, The University of Nottingham, Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade (CREDIT), Nottingham Khalid, U. (2016), Catch-up in institutional quality: An empirical assessment, CREDIT Research Paper, No. 16/04, The University of Nottingham, Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade (CREDIT), Nottingham
Zurück zum Zitat La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1998). Law and finance. Journal of Political Economy, 106(6), 1113–1155.CrossRef La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1998). Law and finance. Journal of Political Economy, 106(6), 1113–1155.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Pop-Eleches, C., & Shleifer, A. (2004). Judicial checks and balances. Journal of Political Economy, 112(2), 445–470.CrossRef La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Pop-Eleches, C., & Shleifer, A. (2004). Judicial checks and balances. Journal of Political Economy, 112(2), 445–470.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2008). The economic consequences of legal origins. Journal of Economic Literature, 46(2), 285–332.CrossRef La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2008). The economic consequences of legal origins. Journal of Economic Literature, 46(2), 285–332.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lele, P., & Siems, M. (2007). Shareholder protection: A Leximetric approach. Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 7(1), 17–50.CrossRef Lele, P., & Siems, M. (2007). Shareholder protection: A Leximetric approach. Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 7(1), 17–50.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Libecap, G. D. (1989). Distributional issues in contracting for property rights. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 145, 6–24. Libecap, G. D. (1989). Distributional issues in contracting for property rights. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 145, 6–24.
Zurück zum Zitat May, C., & Winchester, A. (Eds.). (2018). Handbook on the rule of law. Northampton: Edward Elgar. May, C., & Winchester, A. (Eds.). (2018). Handbook on the rule of law. Northampton: Edward Elgar.
Zurück zum Zitat McKay, L. (2015). Toward a rule of law culture, exploring effective responses to justice and security challenges. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP). McKay, L. (2015). Toward a rule of law culture, exploring effective responses to justice and security challenges. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP).
Zurück zum Zitat Merry, S. E. (2011). Measuring the world: Indicators, human rights, and global governance: With CA comment by John M. Conley. Current Anthropology, 52(S3). Corporate lives: New perspectives on the social life of the corporate form. Edited by D. J. Partridge, M. Welker, & R. Hardin (Supplement to April 2011), pp. S83–S95. Merry, S. E. (2011). Measuring the world: Indicators, human rights, and global governance: With CA comment by John M. Conley. Current Anthropology, 52(S3). Corporate lives: New perspectives on the social life of the corporate form. Edited by D. J. Partridge, M. Welker, & R. Hardin (Supplement to April 2011), pp. S83–S95.
Zurück zum Zitat Moller, J. (2018). The advantages of a thin view. In C. May & A. Winchester (Eds.), Handbook on the rule of law. Northampton: Edward Elgar. Moller, J. (2018). The advantages of a thin view. In C. May & A. Winchester (Eds.), Handbook on the rule of law. Northampton: Edward Elgar.
Zurück zum Zitat Nardulli, P. F., Peyton, B., & Bajjalieh, J. (2013). Conceptualizing and measuring rule of law constructs. Journal of Law and Courts, 1(Spring), 139–192.CrossRef Nardulli, P. F., Peyton, B., & Bajjalieh, J. (2013). Conceptualizing and measuring rule of law constructs. Journal of Law and Courts, 1(Spring), 139–192.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat North, D., & Thomas, R. (1973), The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History, Cambridge University Press. North, D., & Thomas, R. (1973), The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History, Cambridge University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University press.CrossRef North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat North, D. C. (2001). Needed: A theory of change. In G. M. Meier & J. E. Stiglitz (Eds.), Frontiers of development economics; the future in perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. North, D. C. (2001). Needed: A theory of change. In G. M. Meier & J. E. Stiglitz (Eds.), Frontiers of development economics; the future in perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Norton, S. W. (2003). Economic institutions and human well-being: A cross-national analysis. Eastern Economic Journal, 29(1), 23–44. Norton, S. W. (2003). Economic institutions and human well-being: A cross-national analysis. Eastern Economic Journal, 29(1), 23–44.
Zurück zum Zitat Peerenboom, R. (2002). China’s long march toward rule of law. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Peerenboom, R. (2002). China’s long march toward rule of law. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pipes, R. (1999). Property and freedom. New York/Knopf and London: Alfred A./The Harvill Press. Pipes, R. (1999). Property and freedom. New York/Knopf and London: Alfred A./The Harvill Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Renani, M. (2005). Market or nonmarket? A study of market failure in Iranian economy. Plan and budgeting organization publication. isbn: 964-425-011-7. Renani, M. (2005). Market or nonmarket? A study of market failure in Iranian economy. Plan and budgeting organization publication. isbn: 964-425-011-7.
Zurück zum Zitat Renani, M., & Moayedfar, R. (2012). The decline cycles of morals and economy: The social capital and development in Iran. Tehran: Tarh-E-No Press. Renani, M., & Moayedfar, R. (2012). The decline cycles of morals and economy: The social capital and development in Iran. Tehran: Tarh-E-No Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Samadi, A. H. (2008). Property rights and economic growth: An endogenous growth model. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Faculty of Administrative Science and Economics, Department of Economics, University of Isfahan. Samadi, A. H. (2008). Property rights and economic growth: An endogenous growth model. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Faculty of Administrative Science and Economics, Department of Economics, University of Isfahan.
Zurück zum Zitat Samadi, A. H. (2010). The position of property rights in economic thoughts and schools with emphasis on new Institutionalist views. Law Quarterly (Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science-Tehran University), 40(3), 229–246. Samadi, A. H. (2010). The position of property rights in economic thoughts and schools with emphasis on new Institutionalist views. Law Quarterly (Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science-Tehran University), 40(3), 229–246.
Zurück zum Zitat Samadi, A. H. (2019). Institutional quality and globalization in developing countries. In N. Faghih (Ed.), Globalization and development – Economic and socio-cultural perspectives from emerging markets. Cham: Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-030-14370-1 (eBook). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14370-1. Samadi, A. H. (2019). Institutional quality and globalization in developing countries. In N. Faghih (Ed.), Globalization and development – Economic and socio-cultural perspectives from emerging markets. Cham: Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-030-14370-1 (eBook). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-030-14370-1.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamanaha, B. Z. (2007). A concise guide to the rule of law. Florence workshop on the rule of law, Neil Walker, Gianluigi Palombella, eds., Hart Publishing Company, St. John’s Legal Studies Research Paper No. 07-0082. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1012051. Tamanaha, B. Z. (2007). A concise guide to the rule of law. Florence workshop on the rule of law, Neil Walker, Gianluigi Palombella, eds., Hart Publishing Company, St. John’s Legal Studies Research Paper No. 07-0082. Available at SSRN: https://​ssrn.​com/​abstract=​1012051.
Zurück zum Zitat United Nations Development Programme. (2005). A practitioner’s guide to a human rights-based approach to access to justice (p. 178). Bangkok: UNDP. United Nations Development Programme. (2005). A practitioner’s guide to a human rights-based approach to access to justice (p. 178). Bangkok: UNDP.
Zurück zum Zitat United Nations Development Programme. (2010). 8 governance principles, institutional capacity and quality. New York: UNDP Bureau for Development Policy One. United Nations Development Programme. (2010). 8 governance principles, institutional capacity and quality. New York: UNDP Bureau for Development Policy One.
Zurück zum Zitat United Nations Security Council. (2004). The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies: report of the secretary general. Para. 6, S/2004/616. United Nations Security Council. (2004). The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies: report of the secretary general. Para. 6, S/2004/616.
Zurück zum Zitat Voigt, S. (2012). How to measure the rule of law. Kyklos, 65(2), 262–284.CrossRef Voigt, S. (2012). How to measure the rule of law. Kyklos, 65(2), 262–284.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wade, C. (2010). Grammar lessons learned: Dependent clauses, false cognates, and other problems in rule of law programming. University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 72(2010), 174. Wade, C. (2010). Grammar lessons learned: Dependent clauses, false cognates, and other problems in rule of law programming. University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 72(2010), 174.
Zurück zum Zitat Williamson, O. E. (2000). The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking Ahead. Journal of Economic Literature, 38, 595–613. Williamson, O. E. (2000). The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking Ahead. Journal of Economic Literature, 38, 595–613.
Zurück zum Zitat Woodruff, C (2006). Measuring Institutions, In: Susan Rose-Ackerman (ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption. chapter 3, Edward Elgar Publishing, 105–125. Woodruff, C (2006). Measuring Institutions, In: Susan Rose-Ackerman (ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption. chapter 3, Edward Elgar Publishing, 105–125.
Zurück zum Zitat Woodruff, C. (2010, forthcoming). Measuring Institutions. In S. Rose-Ackerman (Eds.), Handbook on corruption. Woodruff, C. (2010, forthcoming). Measuring Institutions. In S. Rose-Ackerman (Eds.), Handbook on corruption.
Zurück zum Zitat World Bank (2011). Worldwide governance indicators (WGI) project. World Bank (2011). Worldwide governance indicators (WGI) project.
Zurück zum Zitat World Justice Project. (2019). Rule of law index. Washington, DC/Seattle: WJP. World Justice Project. (2019). Rule of law index. Washington, DC/Seattle: WJP.
Metadaten
Titel
Measuring Institutional Quality: A Review
verfasst von
Ali Hussein Samadi
Masoumeh Alipourian
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61342-6_6