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2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. Measuring Media Usage Behavior: Improving the Quality of Research and Reports on Consumers’ Use of Media

verfasst von : Horst Stipp, Ph.D.

Erschienen in: The New World of Transitioned Media

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Provocative headlines such as “Americans Are Quitting TV,” designed to catch busy readers’ attention, do not reflect the content of the story and can be misleading if the readers skips the story itself. “Is Social Media Killing TV?” was the headline of an interesting piece on new research indicating that social media may actually cause an increase in TV viewing. How many headlines have pronounced an epidemic of “cord-cutting” only to reveal a very small drop in subscriptions? During a time of rapid change, our understanding of media behavior is more important than ever, but it seems we are becoming less informed. Most troubling are studies and reports that ignore fundamental research values such as sample limitations or statistical significance and interpret very small changes as major trends. Misinformation hurts business. We need better data collection from those inside the industry – and just as important is a more reasoned and responsible approach to reporting that data in the media.

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Fußnoten
1
The report, “Measuring Media Usage Behavior” was issued by the ARF in the spring of 2013. It is primarily intended for ARF members. This paper summarizes the report. The full report contains detail about media reports and their underlying data.
 
2
Nicholas Negroponte, “Being Digital”, Vintage, 1996.
 
3
An excellent critical analysis of media trend forecasts can be found in “when media are new”, by John Cary and Martin Elton, University of Michigan Press, 2011. See also: Jim Frederick, “The virtual science of high-tech forecasting”, New York Times Magazine, December 19, 1999, and: Nate Silver, “The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail-But Some Don’t”, Penguin Press, 2012. Further, by this author in German: Stipp, Horst “Die Fernsehentwicklung in den USA – 10 Jahre danach” (US TV-Trends – 10 years later), Media Perspektiven (Frankfurt, Germany) #12, 2004, 596–575.
It should be noted that we are not suggesting all forecasters and technology consulting companies subscribe to the methods and strategies criticized in the referenced books, articles, etc. For example, one such company, Deloitte, has issued reports that seem to be designed to debunk predictions based on poor data or inaccurate analy. (See: “TV:Why?” by James Bates and Paul Lee, Deloitte LLP, London, 2012.)
 
4
See also: Horst Stipp: “Predict the Future? We Aren’t Even Reporting the Present Accurately”; May 27, 2012, http://​adage.​com/​article/​guest-columnists/​predict-future-report-present/​234984/​, reprinted in the Appendix, which summarizes many of the issues raised in this White Paper.
 
6
For example: dms Research report, “The Devil is in the Data”, February 2009; Anne Crassweller President NADbank, Presentation at Media Research Council, “Audience Measurement in a Digital World”, New York, Nov 18, 2011.
Analyses of the polling for this year’s elections have also provided valuable insights and confirmed the importance of research quality. See: Nate Silver “Which Polls Fared Best (and Worst) in the 2012 Presidential Race”, November 10, 2012; http://​fivethirtyeight.​blogs.​nytimes.​com/​2012/​11/​10/​which-polls-fared-best-and-worst-in-the-2012-presidential-race/​.
 
7
Anne Crassweller, NADbank, op. cit.
 
8
Papper, Holmes, Popovich, “Middletown Media Studies”;The International Digital Media & Arts Association Journal; Vol 1 No 1, Spring 2004. A similar conclusion is reached by Sherrill Mane in “The Very visible Consequences of Bad Methodology” addressing a Forrester study based on consumer reports on the amount of TV and internet use; www.​iab.​net/​iablog/​2010/​12 (December 18, 2010).
 
9
We recommend reading the Council’s report on the “Video Mapping Study”, one of the largest, and arguably, one of best validation studies in his field http://​researchexcellen​ce.​com/​committees/​vcm_​finalreport.​pdf.
 
10
ARF Quality Enhancement Project; Overview report, Aug 2011.
 
11
dms Research report, op. cit.
 
12
See, for example, “The Art of Asking Questions”, Stanley Payne, Princeton University Press, 1951.
 
13
Thanks to Jess Aguirre of Crown Media for sharing these data with us.
 
14
It is worth adding that these considerations do not only impact surveys. The TV currency, for example, even though based on “passive” meters, does require panelists to register their “TV viewing” and the definition of “viewing” has been a subject of discussions as there is evidence that “being in the room with the TV set on” can lead to different data compared to other viewing definitions.
 
15
“Americans Are Quitting TV” http://​www.​foxnews.​com/​scitech/​2012/​01/​10/​americans-are-quitting-tv/​; “CES: Survey Finds traditional TV is Collapsing” (CES Live: Gadget trends to Watch for 2012 by Eric Savitz, Forbes), http://​www.​forbes.​com/​sites/​ericsavitz/​2012/​01/​09/​ces-survey-finds-traditional-tv-viewing-is-collapsing; and in Germany “CES: TV verliert gegenüber Tablets und Co.” (Meedia Abend-Newsletter, January 11, 2102). All these stories are about an Accenture study, “The 2011 Accenture Consumer Electronics Products and Services usage report”. Also, as reported in the New York Times Magazine, op. cit., a forecaster admitted that exaggerated, dramatic statements are often chosen in order to gain attention and more clients. This shows that recommendations about best practices should be followed not only by those who report about findings from media use studies, but also by users of the research and readers of those reports.
 
16
The New York Times address this issue in an article on February 8, 2012, “In Networks’ Race for Ratings, Chicanery Is on the Schedule”.
 
17
The term “The Illusion of Precision” stems from an AdAge column by Bob Barocci, President-CEO of the ARF, January 15, 2012.
 
18
Darrell Huff “How to Lie with Statistics”, WW Norton & Co.1954.
 
19
An example of this reach versus time spent confusion can be found in a recent Wall St Journal report with the headline “ YouTube’s audience easily dwarfs the viewership for traditional TV networks” , an erroneous conclusion that confuses monthly reach data with TV ratings (which are based on average minute reach and time spent). http://​online.​wsj.​com/​article/​SB10001424052970​2046242045771790​73123148432.​html; see also Stipp, 2012, op. cit. and FN 44.
 
20
4A’s “smartbrief” November 17, 2011. There are several data tables in the case studies section of this paper illustrating these issues.
 
21
Source: Nielsen Universe estimates, Nielsen Study: “The HD Experience”, Oct. 2010; Nielsen TV Ratings.
 
22
This issue is addressed, for example, in New York Magazine, November 5, 2012, in an article by Boris Kachka, “Proust Wasn’t a Neuroscientist. Neither Was Jonah Lehrer”. Kachka describes it as “snipping and tailoring factoids into ready to-wear tech-friendly conclusions”, not only “sacrificing a great deal of thorny complexity”, but reporting on research findings in a way that is designed to please the audience, promote a lecture circuit career, and increase book sales while “ignoring evidence”, and worse.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Measuring Media Usage Behavior: Improving the Quality of Research and Reports on Consumers’ Use of Media
verfasst von
Horst Stipp, Ph.D.
Copyright-Jahr
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09009-2_11