Skip to main content

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) for Water Reuse in the USA

verfasst von : Ziqiang Yin, Irene Xagoraraki

Erschienen in: Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Water scarcity is a global problem, and the production of wastewater is growing correspondingly along with the ever-increasing water consumption. Wastewater can be used as an alternative water resource. Technological developments in treating municipal wastewater, such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs), provide high-quality effluents appropriate for water reuse. In this chapter, we review water reuse issues and standards, features and challenges of membrane bioreactor systems, and status of MBR applications in the USA. It can be concluded that MBRs are a superior wastewater treatment technology compared to conventional activated sludge systems, and they can help fulfill the growing water reuse demand.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat International Water Management Institute (IWMI) (2000) World water demand and supply, 1990 to 2025: scenarios and issues. Research Report, 19 International Water Management Institute (IWMI) (2000) World water demand and supply, 1990 to 2025: scenarios and issues. Research Report, 19
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Hightower M, Pierce SA (2008) The energy challenge. Nature 452(7185):285–286CrossRef Hightower M, Pierce SA (2008) The energy challenge. Nature 452(7185):285–286CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Jimenez B, Asano T (2008) Water reclamation and reuse around the world. In: Water reuse: an international survey of current practice, issues and needs, vol 20. IWA, London, p 3 Jimenez B, Asano T (2008) Water reclamation and reuse around the world. In: Water reuse: an international survey of current practice, issues and needs, vol 20. IWA, London, p 3
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller WG (2006) Integrated concepts in water reuse: managing global water needs. Desalination 187(1):65–75CrossRef Miller WG (2006) Integrated concepts in water reuse: managing global water needs. Desalination 187(1):65–75CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012) Guidelines for water reuse. EPA/600/R-12/618 United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012) Guidelines for water reuse. EPA/600/R-12/618
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bryk J, Prasad R, Lindley T, Davis S, Carpenter G (2011) National database of water reuse facilities: summary report. WateReuse Foundation. Alexandria Bryk J, Prasad R, Lindley T, Davis S, Carpenter G (2011) National database of water reuse facilities: summary report. WateReuse Foundation. Alexandria
7.
Zurück zum Zitat State Water Resources Control Board (2013) Recycled water policy. Resolution 2013-0003 State Water Resources Control Board (2013) Recycled water policy. Resolution 2013-0003
11.
Zurück zum Zitat National Water Research Institute (2012) Direct potable reuse: benefits for public water supplies, agriculture, the environment, and energy conservation. Publication Number NWRI-2012-01 National Water Research Institute (2012) Direct potable reuse: benefits for public water supplies, agriculture, the environment, and energy conservation. Publication Number NWRI-2012-01
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Asano T, Burton FL, Leverenz HL, Tsuchihashi R, Tchobanoglous G (2007) Water reuse: issues, technologies, and applications. McGrawHill, New York Asano T, Burton FL, Leverenz HL, Tsuchihashi R, Tchobanoglous G (2007) Water reuse: issues, technologies, and applications. McGrawHill, New York
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouwer H (2000) Integrated water management: emerging issues and challenges. Agric Water Manage 45(3):217–228CrossRef Bouwer H (2000) Integrated water management: emerging issues and challenges. Agric Water Manage 45(3):217–228CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Water Reuse Association (2009) WateReuse Association 2008 Property owner and homeowner market perception study: final report. Group 3 Research, Pittsburg Water Reuse Association (2009) WateReuse Association 2008 Property owner and homeowner market perception study: final report. Group 3 Research, Pittsburg
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruvold WH (1998) Public opinion on water reuse options. J Water Pollut Control Fed 60(1):45–50 Bruvold WH (1998) Public opinion on water reuse options. J Water Pollut Control Fed 60(1):45–50
20.
Zurück zum Zitat National Research Council (2012) Water reuse: potential for expanding the nation’s water supply through reuse of municipal wastewater. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC National Research Council (2012) Water reuse: potential for expanding the nation’s water supply through reuse of municipal wastewater. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Levine AD, Asano T (2004) Peer reviewed: recovering sustainable water from wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 38(11):201A–208ACrossRef Levine AD, Asano T (2004) Peer reviewed: recovering sustainable water from wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 38(11):201A–208ACrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hartley TW (2006) Public perception and participation in water reuse. Desalination 187(1):115–126CrossRef Hartley TW (2006) Public perception and participation in water reuse. Desalination 187(1):115–126CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization (1989) Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. Technical report series 778. ISBN 92 4 120778 7 World Health Organization (1989) Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. Technical report series 778. ISBN 92 4 120778 7
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Pescod (1992) Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 47. ISBN 92-5-103135-5 Pescod (1992) Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 47. ISBN 92-5-103135-5
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Li F, Wichmann K, Otterpohl R (2009) Review of the technological approaches for grey water treatment and reuses. Sci Total Environ 407(11):3439–3449CrossRef Li F, Wichmann K, Otterpohl R (2009) Review of the technological approaches for grey water treatment and reuses. Sci Total Environ 407(11):3439–3449CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Cornel P, Krause S (2008) Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment. In: Advanced membrane technology and applications. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 217–238CrossRef Cornel P, Krause S (2008) Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment. In: Advanced membrane technology and applications. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 217–238CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Judd S, Judd C (2011) The MBR book: principles and applications of membrane bioreactors in water and wastewater treatment. Elsevier, Oxford Judd S, Judd C (2011) The MBR book: principles and applications of membrane bioreactors in water and wastewater treatment. Elsevier, Oxford
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Daigger GT (2003) State of the art of membrane bioreactors in North America. In: Proceedings of the international conference application and perspectives of MBRs in wastewater treatment and reuse, Cremona, 28–29 April 2013 Daigger GT (2003) State of the art of membrane bioreactors in North America. In: Proceedings of the international conference application and perspectives of MBRs in wastewater treatment and reuse, Cremona, 28–29 April 2013
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Wachinski MT (2013) Membrane process for water reuse. McGraw Hill, New York. ISBN 0-07-174895-4 Wachinski MT (2013) Membrane process for water reuse. McGraw Hill, New York. ISBN 0-07-174895-4
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi JG, Bae TH, Kim JH, Tak TM, Randall AA (2002) The behavior of membrane fouling initiation on the crossflow membrane bioreactor system. J Membr Sci 203(1):103–113CrossRef Choi JG, Bae TH, Kim JH, Tak TM, Randall AA (2002) The behavior of membrane fouling initiation on the crossflow membrane bioreactor system. J Membr Sci 203(1):103–113CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bixio D, Thoeye C, De Koning J, Joksimovic D, Savic D, Wintgens T, Melin T (2006) Wastewater reuse in Europe. Desalination 187(1):89–101CrossRef Bixio D, Thoeye C, De Koning J, Joksimovic D, Savic D, Wintgens T, Melin T (2006) Wastewater reuse in Europe. Desalination 187(1):89–101CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Melin T, Jefferson B, Bixio D, Thoeye C, De Wilde W, De Koning J, van der Graaf J, Wintgens T (2006) Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse. Desalination 187(1):271–282 Melin T, Jefferson B, Bixio D, Thoeye C, De Wilde W, De Koning J, van der Graaf J, Wintgens T (2006) Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse. Desalination 187(1):271–282
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Zanetti F, De Luca G, Sacchetti R (2010) Performance of a full-scale membrane bioreactor system in treating municipal wastewater for reuse purposes. Bioresour Technol 101(10):3768–3771CrossRef Zanetti F, De Luca G, Sacchetti R (2010) Performance of a full-scale membrane bioreactor system in treating municipal wastewater for reuse purposes. Bioresour Technol 101(10):3768–3771CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Atasoy E, Murat S, Baban A, Tiris M (2007) Membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment of segregated household wastewater for reuse. CLEAN Soil Air Water 35(5):465–472CrossRef Atasoy E, Murat S, Baban A, Tiris M (2007) Membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment of segregated household wastewater for reuse. CLEAN Soil Air Water 35(5):465–472CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Galil NI, Levinsky Y (2007) Sustainable reclamation and reuse of industrial wastewater including membrane bioreactor technologies: case studies. Desalination 202(1):411–417CrossRef Galil NI, Levinsky Y (2007) Sustainable reclamation and reuse of industrial wastewater including membrane bioreactor technologies: case studies. Desalination 202(1):411–417CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Marrot B, Barrios‐Martinez A, Moulin P, Roche N (2004) Industrial wastewater treatment in a membrane bioreactor: a review. Environ Prog 23(1):59–68CrossRef Marrot B, Barrios‐Martinez A, Moulin P, Roche N (2004) Industrial wastewater treatment in a membrane bioreactor: a review. Environ Prog 23(1):59–68CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Cicek N (2003) A review of membrane bioreactors and their potential application in the treatment of agricultural wastewater. Can Biosyst Eng 45:6–37 Cicek N (2003) A review of membrane bioreactors and their potential application in the treatment of agricultural wastewater. Can Biosyst Eng 45:6–37
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Côté P, Siverns S, Monti S (2005) Comparison of membrane-based solutions for water reclamation and desalination. Desalination 182(1):251–257CrossRef Côté P, Siverns S, Monti S (2005) Comparison of membrane-based solutions for water reclamation and desalination. Desalination 182(1):251–257CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bolzonella D, Fatone F, di Fabio S, Cecchi F (2010) Application of membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in the Mediterranean region: focusing on removal efficiency of non-conventional pollutants. J Environ Manage 91(12):2424–2431CrossRef Bolzonella D, Fatone F, di Fabio S, Cecchi F (2010) Application of membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in the Mediterranean region: focusing on removal efficiency of non-conventional pollutants. J Environ Manage 91(12):2424–2431CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Howell JA (2004) Future of membranes and membrane reactors in green technologies and for water reuse. Desalination 162:1–11CrossRef Howell JA (2004) Future of membranes and membrane reactors in green technologies and for water reuse. Desalination 162:1–11CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouhabila EH, Ben Aım R, Buisson H (2001) Fouling characterisation in membrane bioreactors. Sep Purif Technol 22:123–132CrossRef Bouhabila EH, Ben Aım R, Buisson H (2001) Fouling characterisation in membrane bioreactors. Sep Purif Technol 22:123–132CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Ji J, Qiu J, Wong FS, Li Y (2008) Enhancement of filterability in MBR achieved by improvement of supernatant and floc characteristics via filter aids addition. Water Res 42(14):3611–3622CrossRef Ji J, Qiu J, Wong FS, Li Y (2008) Enhancement of filterability in MBR achieved by improvement of supernatant and floc characteristics via filter aids addition. Water Res 42(14):3611–3622CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Shin H, Kang S (2003) Performance and membrane fouling in a pilot scale SBR process coupled with membrane. Water Sci Technol 47(1):139–144 Shin H, Kang S (2003) Performance and membrane fouling in a pilot scale SBR process coupled with membrane. Water Sci Technol 47(1):139–144
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Murase T, Ohn T, Kimata K (1995) Filtrate flux in crossflow microfiltration of dilute suspension forming a highly compressible fouling cake-layer. J Membr Sci 108(1):121–128CrossRef Murase T, Ohn T, Kimata K (1995) Filtrate flux in crossflow microfiltration of dilute suspension forming a highly compressible fouling cake-layer. J Membr Sci 108(1):121–128CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hwang KJ, Hsueh CL (2003) Dynamic analysis of cake properties in microfiltration of soft colloids. J Membr Sci 214(2):259–273CrossRef Hwang KJ, Hsueh CL (2003) Dynamic analysis of cake properties in microfiltration of soft colloids. J Membr Sci 214(2):259–273CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Ognier S, Wisniewski C, Grasmick A (2002) Membrane fouling during constant flux filtration in membrane bioreactors. Membr Technol 2002(7):6–10CrossRef Ognier S, Wisniewski C, Grasmick A (2002) Membrane fouling during constant flux filtration in membrane bioreactors. Membr Technol 2002(7):6–10CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Ognier S, Wisniewski C, Grasmick A (2004) Membrane bioreactor fouling in sub-critical filtration conditions: a local critical flux concept. J Membr Sci 229(1):171–177CrossRef Ognier S, Wisniewski C, Grasmick A (2004) Membrane bioreactor fouling in sub-critical filtration conditions: a local critical flux concept. J Membr Sci 229(1):171–177CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee J, Ahn WY, Lee CH (2001) Comparison of the filtration characteristics between attached and suspended growth microorganisms in submerged membrane bioreactor. Water Res 35(10):2435–2445CrossRef Lee J, Ahn WY, Lee CH (2001) Comparison of the filtration characteristics between attached and suspended growth microorganisms in submerged membrane bioreactor. Water Res 35(10):2435–2445CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang IS, Le Clech P, Jefferson B, Judd S (2002) Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment. J Environ Eng 128(11):1018–1029CrossRef Chang IS, Le Clech P, Jefferson B, Judd S (2002) Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment. J Environ Eng 128(11):1018–1029CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato T, Ishii Y (1991) Effects of activated sludge properties on water flux of ultrafiltration membrane used for human excrement treatment. Water Sci Technol 23(7–9):1601–1608 Sato T, Ishii Y (1991) Effects of activated sludge properties on water flux of ultrafiltration membrane used for human excrement treatment. Water Sci Technol 23(7–9):1601–1608
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Han SS, Bae TH, Jang GG, Tak TM (2005) Influence of sludge retention time on membrane fouling and bioactivities in membrane bioreactor system. Process Biochem 40(7):2393–2400CrossRef Han SS, Bae TH, Jang GG, Tak TM (2005) Influence of sludge retention time on membrane fouling and bioactivities in membrane bioreactor system. Process Biochem 40(7):2393–2400CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang IS, Kim SN (2005) Wastewater treatment using membrane filtration effect of biosolids concentration on cake resistance. Process Biochem 40(3–4):1307–1314CrossRef Chang IS, Kim SN (2005) Wastewater treatment using membrane filtration effect of biosolids concentration on cake resistance. Process Biochem 40(3–4):1307–1314CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Hong SP, Bae TH, Tak TM, Hong S, Randall A (2002) Fouling control in activated sludge submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactors. Desalination 143(3):219–228CrossRef Hong SP, Bae TH, Tak TM, Hong S, Randall A (2002) Fouling control in activated sludge submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactors. Desalination 143(3):219–228CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Li J, Yang F, Li Y, Wong FS, Chua HC (2008) Impact of biological constituents and properties of activated sludge on membrane fouling in a novel submerged membrane bioreactor. Desalination 225(1):356–365CrossRef Li J, Yang F, Li Y, Wong FS, Chua HC (2008) Impact of biological constituents and properties of activated sludge on membrane fouling in a novel submerged membrane bioreactor. Desalination 225(1):356–365CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Judd S (2008) The status of membrane bioreactor technology. Trends Biotechnol 26(2):109–116CrossRef Judd S (2008) The status of membrane bioreactor technology. Trends Biotechnol 26(2):109–116CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagaoka H, Ueda S, Miya A (1996) Influence of bacterial extracellular polymers on the membrane separation activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 34(9):165–172CrossRef Nagaoka H, Ueda S, Miya A (1996) Influence of bacterial extracellular polymers on the membrane separation activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 34(9):165–172CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Meng F, Shi B, Yang F, Zhang H (2007) Effect of hydraulic retention time on membrane fouling and biomass characteristics in submerged membrane bioreactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 30(5):359–367CrossRef Meng F, Shi B, Yang F, Zhang H (2007) Effect of hydraulic retention time on membrane fouling and biomass characteristics in submerged membrane bioreactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 30(5):359–367CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Rittmann BE, Bae W, Namkung E, Lu CJ (1987) A critical evaluation of microbial product formation in biological processes. Water Sci Technol 19(3–4):517–528 Rittmann BE, Bae W, Namkung E, Lu CJ (1987) A critical evaluation of microbial product formation in biological processes. Water Sci Technol 19(3–4):517–528
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Reid E, Liu X, Judd SJ (2006) Effect of high salinity on activated sludge characteristics and membrane permeability in an immersed membrane bioreactor. J Membr Sci 283(1):164–171CrossRef Reid E, Liu X, Judd SJ (2006) Effect of high salinity on activated sludge characteristics and membrane permeability in an immersed membrane bioreactor. J Membr Sci 283(1):164–171CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Janga N, Ren X, Kim G, Ahn C, Cho J, Kim IS (2007) Characteristics of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances in the membrane bioreactor for water reuse. Desalination 202(1):90–98CrossRef Janga N, Ren X, Kim G, Ahn C, Cho J, Kim IS (2007) Characteristics of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances in the membrane bioreactor for water reuse. Desalination 202(1):90–98CrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenberger S, Krüger U, Witzig R, Manz W, Szewzyk U, Kraume M (2002) Performance of a bioreactor with submerged membranes for aerobic treatment of municipal waste water. Water Res 36(2):413–420CrossRef Rosenberger S, Krüger U, Witzig R, Manz W, Szewzyk U, Kraume M (2002) Performance of a bioreactor with submerged membranes for aerobic treatment of municipal waste water. Water Res 36(2):413–420CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Meng F, Shi B, Yang F, Zhang H (2006) New insights into membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor based on rheology and hydrodynamics concepts. J Membr Sci 302(1):87–94 Meng F, Shi B, Yang F, Zhang H (2006) New insights into membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor based on rheology and hydrodynamics concepts. J Membr Sci 302(1):87–94
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Meng F, Zhang H, Yang F, Li Y, Xiao J, Zhang X (2006) Effect of filamentous bacteria on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor. J Membr Sci 272(1):161–168CrossRef Meng F, Zhang H, Yang F, Li Y, Xiao J, Zhang X (2006) Effect of filamentous bacteria on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor. J Membr Sci 272(1):161–168CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Visvanathan C, Yang BS, Muttamara S, Maythanukhraw R (1997) Application of air backflushing technique in membrane bioreactor. Water Sci Technol 36(12):259–266CrossRef Visvanathan C, Yang BS, Muttamara S, Maythanukhraw R (1997) Application of air backflushing technique in membrane bioreactor. Water Sci Technol 36(12):259–266CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee W, Kang S, Shin H (2003) Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactors. J Membr Sci 216(1):217–227CrossRef Lee W, Kang S, Shin H (2003) Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactors. J Membr Sci 216(1):217–227CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang X, Gui P, Qian Y (2001) Effect of sludge retention time on microbial behaviour in a submerged membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem 36(10):1001–1006CrossRef Huang X, Gui P, Qian Y (2001) Effect of sludge retention time on microbial behaviour in a submerged membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem 36(10):1001–1006CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang N, Ren X, Cho J, Kim IS (2006) Steady-state modeling of bio-fouling potentials with respect to the biological kinetics in the submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). J Membr Sci 284(1):352–360CrossRef Jang N, Ren X, Cho J, Kim IS (2006) Steady-state modeling of bio-fouling potentials with respect to the biological kinetics in the submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). J Membr Sci 284(1):352–360CrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Marie-Laure P, Hatcher J (2008) Old plant, new tricks – MBR retrofit: how to maximize performance while minimizing costs & disruptions. Florida Water Resour J 60(1):12–14 Marie-Laure P, Hatcher J (2008) Old plant, new tricks – MBR retrofit: how to maximize performance while minimizing costs & disruptions. Florida Water Resour J 60(1):12–14
73.
Zurück zum Zitat General Electric Case Study (2011) City of Redlands wastewater treatment plant. CS-RDLDS-MUNWW-EN-1206-NA GE Logo.doc General Electric Case Study (2011) City of Redlands wastewater treatment plant. CS-RDLDS-MUNWW-EN-1206-NA GE Logo.doc
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Carollo Engineers (2006) City of Santa Paula, water recycling facility project. Technical Memorandum Economic Alternative Assessment Carollo Engineers (2006) City of Santa Paula, water recycling facility project. Technical Memorandum Economic Alternative Assessment
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Crawford G, Daigger G, Erdal Z (2006) Enhanced biological phosphorus removal within membrane bioreactors. Proc Water Environ Fed 2006(11):1856–1867CrossRef Crawford G, Daigger G, Erdal Z (2006) Enhanced biological phosphorus removal within membrane bioreactors. Proc Water Environ Fed 2006(11):1856–1867CrossRef
76.
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Saddoud A, Ellouze M, Dhouib A, Sayadi S (2007) Anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment of domestic wastewater in Tunisia. Desalination 207(1):205–215CrossRef Saddoud A, Ellouze M, Dhouib A, Sayadi S (2007) Anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment of domestic wastewater in Tunisia. Desalination 207(1):205–215CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Tazi-Pain A, Schrotter JC, Bord G, Payreaudeau M, Buisson H (2002) Recent improvement of the BIOSEP® process for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. Desalination 146(1):439–443CrossRef Tazi-Pain A, Schrotter JC, Bord G, Payreaudeau M, Buisson H (2002) Recent improvement of the BIOSEP® process for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. Desalination 146(1):439–443CrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Cirja M, Ivashechkin P, Schäffer A, Corvini PF (2008) Factors affecting the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater in conventional treatment plants (CTP) and membrane bioreactors (MBR). Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 7(1):61–78CrossRef Cirja M, Ivashechkin P, Schäffer A, Corvini PF (2008) Factors affecting the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater in conventional treatment plants (CTP) and membrane bioreactors (MBR). Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 7(1):61–78CrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez S, Petrovic M, Barcelo D (2007) Removal of a broad range of surfactants from municipal wastewater – comparison between membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge treatment. Chemosphere 67(2):335–343CrossRef Gonzalez S, Petrovic M, Barcelo D (2007) Removal of a broad range of surfactants from municipal wastewater – comparison between membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge treatment. Chemosphere 67(2):335–343CrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang X, Liu R, Qian Y (2000) Behaviour of soluble microbial products in a membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem 36(5):401–406CrossRef Huang X, Liu R, Qian Y (2000) Behaviour of soluble microbial products in a membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem 36(5):401–406CrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Crocetti GR, Banfield JF, Keller J, Bond PL, Blackall LL (2002) Glycogen-accumulating organisms in laboratory-scale and full-scale wastewater treatment processes. Microbiology 148(11):3353–3364CrossRef Crocetti GR, Banfield JF, Keller J, Bond PL, Blackall LL (2002) Glycogen-accumulating organisms in laboratory-scale and full-scale wastewater treatment processes. Microbiology 148(11):3353–3364CrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Oehmen A, Zeng RJ, Yuan Z, Keller J (2005) Anaerobic metabolism of propionate by polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 91(1):43–53CrossRef Oehmen A, Zeng RJ, Yuan Z, Keller J (2005) Anaerobic metabolism of propionate by polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 91(1):43–53CrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Oehmen A, Lemos PC, Carvalho G, Yuan Z, Keller J, Blackall LL, Reis MA (2007) Advances in enhanced biological phosphorus removal: from micro to macro scale. Water Res 41(11):2271–2300CrossRef Oehmen A, Lemos PC, Carvalho G, Yuan Z, Keller J, Blackall LL, Reis MA (2007) Advances in enhanced biological phosphorus removal: from micro to macro scale. Water Res 41(11):2271–2300CrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Bassyouni A, Garcia G, Mc Dermott D (2006) Small community treatment plant expansion while in operation using advanced technology. Proc Water Environ Fed 2006(10):3018–3024CrossRef Bassyouni A, Garcia G, Mc Dermott D (2006) Small community treatment plant expansion while in operation using advanced technology. Proc Water Environ Fed 2006(10):3018–3024CrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Guerra L (2010) Evaluation of Bassussarry wastewater treatment plant after upgrading with 632 membrane bioreactor technology. Master’s Thesis. Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden Guerra L (2010) Evaluation of Bassussarry wastewater treatment plant after upgrading with 632 membrane bioreactor technology. Master’s Thesis. Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Wen X, Ding H, Huang X, Liu R (2004) Treatment of hospital wastewater using a submerged membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem 39(11):1427–1431CrossRef Wen X, Ding H, Huang X, Liu R (2004) Treatment of hospital wastewater using a submerged membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem 39(11):1427–1431CrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat De Luca G, Sacchetti R, Leoni E, Zanetti F (2013) Removal of indicator bacteriophages from municipal wastewater by a full-scale membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge process: implications to water reuse. Bioresour Technol 129:526–531CrossRef De Luca G, Sacchetti R, Leoni E, Zanetti F (2013) Removal of indicator bacteriophages from municipal wastewater by a full-scale membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge process: implications to water reuse. Bioresour Technol 129:526–531CrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Sima LC, Schaeffer J, Le Saux JC, Parnaudeau S, Elimelech M, Le Guyader FS (2011) Calicivirus removal in a membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plant. Appl Environ Microbiol 77(15):5170–5177CrossRef Sima LC, Schaeffer J, Le Saux JC, Parnaudeau S, Elimelech M, Le Guyader FS (2011) Calicivirus removal in a membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plant. Appl Environ Microbiol 77(15):5170–5177CrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Francy DS, Stelzer EA, Bushon RN, Brady AM, Williston AG, Riddell KR, Borchardt MA, Spencer SK, Gellner TM (2012) Comparative effectiveness of membrane bioreactors, conventional secondary treatment, and chlorine and UV disinfection to remove microorganisms from municipal wastewaters. Water Res 46(13):4164–4178 Francy DS, Stelzer EA, Bushon RN, Brady AM, Williston AG, Riddell KR, Borchardt MA, Spencer SK, Gellner TM (2012) Comparative effectiveness of membrane bioreactors, conventional secondary treatment, and chlorine and UV disinfection to remove microorganisms from municipal wastewaters. Water Res 46(13):4164–4178
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Aidan A, Mehrvar M, Ibrahim TH, Nenov V (2007) Particulates and bacteria removal by ceramic microfiltration, UV photolysis, and their combination. J Environ Sci Health A 42(7):895–901CrossRef Aidan A, Mehrvar M, Ibrahim TH, Nenov V (2007) Particulates and bacteria removal by ceramic microfiltration, UV photolysis, and their combination. J Environ Sci Health A 42(7):895–901CrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrera-Robledo M, Morgan-Sagastume JM, Noyola A (2010) Biofouling and pollutant removal during long-term operation of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater. Biofouling 26(1):23–30CrossRef Herrera-Robledo M, Morgan-Sagastume JM, Noyola A (2010) Biofouling and pollutant removal during long-term operation of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater. Biofouling 26(1):23–30CrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirani ZM, DeCarolis JF, Adham SS, Jacangelo JG (2010) Peak flux performance and microbial removal by selected membrane bioreactor systems. Water Res 44(8):2431–2440CrossRef Hirani ZM, DeCarolis JF, Adham SS, Jacangelo JG (2010) Peak flux performance and microbial removal by selected membrane bioreactor systems. Water Res 44(8):2431–2440CrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Winward GP, Avery LM, Frazer-Williams R, Pidou M, Jeffrey P, Stephenson T, Jefferson B (2008) A study of the microbial quality of grey water and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse. Ecol Eng 32(2):187–197CrossRef Winward GP, Avery LM, Frazer-Williams R, Pidou M, Jeffrey P, Stephenson T, Jefferson B (2008) A study of the microbial quality of grey water and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse. Ecol Eng 32(2):187–197CrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Jefferson B, Palmer A, Jeffrey P, Stuetz R, Judd S (2004) Grey water characterisation and its impact on the selection and operation of technologies for urban reuse. Water Sci Technol 50(2):157–164 Jefferson B, Palmer A, Jeffrey P, Stuetz R, Judd S (2004) Grey water characterisation and its impact on the selection and operation of technologies for urban reuse. Water Sci Technol 50(2):157–164
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Xagoraraki I, Yin Z, Svambayev Z (2014) Fate of viruses in water systems. J Environ Eng 140(7):04014020CrossRef Xagoraraki I, Yin Z, Svambayev Z (2014) Fate of viruses in water systems. J Environ Eng 140(7):04014020CrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Havelaar AH, van Olphen M, Drost YC (1993) F-specific RNA bacteriophages are adequate model organisms for enteric viruses in fresh water. Appl Environ Microbiol 59(9):2956–2962 Havelaar AH, van Olphen M, Drost YC (1993) F-specific RNA bacteriophages are adequate model organisms for enteric viruses in fresh water. Appl Environ Microbiol 59(9):2956–2962
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo DH-W, Simmons FJ, Blair S, Hart E, Rose JB, Xagoraraki I (2010) Assessment of human adenovirus removal in a full-scale membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater. Water Res 44:1520–1530CrossRef Kuo DH-W, Simmons FJ, Blair S, Hart E, Rose JB, Xagoraraki I (2010) Assessment of human adenovirus removal in a full-scale membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater. Water Res 44:1520–1530CrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Da Silva AK, Le Saux J-C, Parnaudeau S, Pommepuy M, Elimelech M, Le Guyader FS (2007) Evaluation of removal of noroviruses during wastewater treatment, using real-time reverse transcription-PCR: different behaviors of genogroups I and II. Appl Environ Microbiol 73(24):7891–7897CrossRef Da Silva AK, Le Saux J-C, Parnaudeau S, Pommepuy M, Elimelech M, Le Guyader FS (2007) Evaluation of removal of noroviruses during wastewater treatment, using real-time reverse transcription-PCR: different behaviors of genogroups I and II. Appl Environ Microbiol 73(24):7891–7897CrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Simmons FJ, Xagoraraki I (2011) Release of infectious human enteric viruses by full-scale wastewater utilities. Water Res 45:3590–3598CrossRef Simmons FJ, Xagoraraki I (2011) Release of infectious human enteric viruses by full-scale wastewater utilities. Water Res 45:3590–3598CrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Simmons FJ, Kuo DH-W, Xagoraraki I (2011) Removal of human enteric viruses by a full-scale membrane bioreactor during municipal wastewater processing. Water Res 45:2739–2750CrossRef Simmons FJ, Kuo DH-W, Xagoraraki I (2011) Removal of human enteric viruses by a full-scale membrane bioreactor during municipal wastewater processing. Water Res 45:2739–2750CrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Madaeni SS, Fane AG, Grohmann GS (1995) Virus removal from water and wastewater using membranes. J Membr Sci 102:65–75CrossRef Madaeni SS, Fane AG, Grohmann GS (1995) Virus removal from water and wastewater using membranes. J Membr Sci 102:65–75CrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu J, Li H, Huang X (2010) Indigenous somatic coliphage removal from a real municipal wastewater by a submerged membrane bioreactor. Water Res 44(6):1853–1862CrossRef Wu J, Li H, Huang X (2010) Indigenous somatic coliphage removal from a real municipal wastewater by a submerged membrane bioreactor. Water Res 44(6):1853–1862CrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Gallas-Lindemann C, Sotiriadou I, Plutzer J, Karanis P (2013) Prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater and the surface, drinking and ground waters in the Lower Rhine, Germany. Epidemiol Infect 141(01):9–21CrossRef Gallas-Lindemann C, Sotiriadou I, Plutzer J, Karanis P (2013) Prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater and the surface, drinking and ground waters in the Lower Rhine, Germany. Epidemiol Infect 141(01):9–21CrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrera-Robledo M, Cid-Leon DM, Morgan-Sagastume JM, Noyola A (2011) Biofouling in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating municipal sewage. Sep Purif Technol 81(1):49–55CrossRef Herrera-Robledo M, Cid-Leon DM, Morgan-Sagastume JM, Noyola A (2011) Biofouling in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating municipal sewage. Sep Purif Technol 81(1):49–55CrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Saddoud A, Ellouze M, Dhouib A, Sayadi S (2006) A comparative study on the anaerobic membrane bioreactor performance during the treatment of domestic wastewaters of various origins. Environ Technol 27(9):991–999CrossRef Saddoud A, Ellouze M, Dhouib A, Sayadi S (2006) A comparative study on the anaerobic membrane bioreactor performance during the treatment of domestic wastewaters of various origins. Environ Technol 27(9):991–999CrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Saddoud A, Abdelkafi S, Sayadi S (2009) Effects of domestic wastewater toxicity on anaerobic membrane‐bioreactor (MBR) performances. Environ Technol 30(13):1361–1369CrossRef Saddoud A, Abdelkafi S, Sayadi S (2009) Effects of domestic wastewater toxicity on anaerobic membrane‐bioreactor (MBR) performances. Environ Technol 30(13):1361–1369CrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdel-Shafy SH. Membrane biofactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater in Egypt. Groundwater Conference. National Research Centre, El-Behous st., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Abdel-Shafy SH. Membrane biofactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater in Egypt. Groundwater Conference. National Research Centre, El-Behous st., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Wastewater technique fact sheet: chlorine disinfection. EPA 832-F-99-062 Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Wastewater technique fact sheet: chlorine disinfection. EPA 832-F-99-062
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Wastewater technique fact sheet: ozone disinfection. EPA 832-F-99-063 Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Wastewater technique fact sheet: ozone disinfection. EPA 832-F-99-063
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Wastewater technique fact sheet: ultraviolet disinfection. EPA 832-F-99-064 Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Wastewater technique fact sheet: ultraviolet disinfection. EPA 832-F-99-064
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Gao M, Yang M, Li H, Yang Q, Zhang Y (2004) Comparison between a submerged membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge system on treating ammonia-bearing inorganic wastewater. J Biotechnol 108(3):265–269CrossRef Gao M, Yang M, Li H, Yang Q, Zhang Y (2004) Comparison between a submerged membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge system on treating ammonia-bearing inorganic wastewater. J Biotechnol 108(3):265–269CrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Ouyang K, Liu JX (2009) [Analysis of characteristics of microbial communities in membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge process]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue/[bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui “Huan jing ke xue” bian ji wei yuan hui.] 30(2):499–503 Ouyang K, Liu JX (2009) [Analysis of characteristics of microbial communities in membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge process]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue/[bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui “Huan jing ke xue” bian ji wei yuan hui.] 30(2):499–503
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Li H, Yang M, Zhang Y, Liu X, Gao M, Kamagata Y (2004) Comparison of nitrification performance and microbial community between submerged membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge system. Water Sci Technol J Int Assoc Water Pollut Res 51(6–7):193–200 Li H, Yang M, Zhang Y, Liu X, Gao M, Kamagata Y (2004) Comparison of nitrification performance and microbial community between submerged membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge system. Water Sci Technol J Int Assoc Water Pollut Res 51(6–7):193–200
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva CC, Jesus EC, Torres AP, Sousa MP, Santiago VM, Oliveira VM (2010) Investigation of bacterial diversity in membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge processes from petroleum refineries using phylogenetic and statistical approaches. J Microbiol Biotechnol 20(3):447–459 Silva CC, Jesus EC, Torres AP, Sousa MP, Santiago VM, Oliveira VM (2010) Investigation of bacterial diversity in membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge processes from petroleum refineries using phylogenetic and statistical approaches. J Microbiol Biotechnol 20(3):447–459
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Munz G, Gualtiero M, Salvadori L, Claudia B, Claudio L (2008) Process efficiency and microbial monitoring in MBR (membrane bioreactor) and CASP (conventional activated sludge process) treatment of tannery wastewater. Bioresour Technol 99(18):8559–8564CrossRef Munz G, Gualtiero M, Salvadori L, Claudia B, Claudio L (2008) Process efficiency and microbial monitoring in MBR (membrane bioreactor) and CASP (conventional activated sludge process) treatment of tannery wastewater. Bioresour Technol 99(18):8559–8564CrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Cieck N, Franco JP, Suidan MT, Urbain V, Manem J (1999) Characterization and comparison of a membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated-sludge system in the treatment of wastewater containing high-molecular-weight compounds. Water Environ Res 71(1):64–70CrossRef Cieck N, Franco JP, Suidan MT, Urbain V, Manem J (1999) Characterization and comparison of a membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated-sludge system in the treatment of wastewater containing high-molecular-weight compounds. Water Environ Res 71(1):64–70CrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Holbrook RD, Massie KA, Novak JT (2005) A comparison of membrane bioreactor and conventional-activated-sludge mixed liquor and biosolids characteristics. Water Environ Res 77:323–330CrossRef Holbrook RD, Massie KA, Novak JT (2005) A comparison of membrane bioreactor and conventional-activated-sludge mixed liquor and biosolids characteristics. Water Environ Res 77:323–330CrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu R, Huang X, Liu R, Qian Y (2001) A comparison between a submerged membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge process. Chin J Environ Sci 22(3):20–24 Liu R, Huang X, Liu R, Qian Y (2001) A comparison between a submerged membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge process. Chin J Environ Sci 22(3):20–24
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Soriano GA, Erb M, Garel C, Audic JM (2003) A comparative pilot-scale study of the performance of conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactors under limiting operating conditions. Water Environ Res 75:225–231CrossRef Soriano GA, Erb M, Garel C, Audic JM (2003) A comparative pilot-scale study of the performance of conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactors under limiting operating conditions. Water Environ Res 75:225–231CrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernhard M, Müller J, Knepper TP (2006) Biodegradation of persistent polar pollutants in wastewater: comparison of an optimised lab-scale membrane bioreactor and activated sludge treatment. Water Res 40(18):3419–3428CrossRef Bernhard M, Müller J, Knepper TP (2006) Biodegradation of persistent polar pollutants in wastewater: comparison of an optimised lab-scale membrane bioreactor and activated sludge treatment. Water Res 40(18):3419–3428CrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Wei Y, van Houten RT, Borger AR, Eikelboom DH, Fan Y (2003) Comparison performances of membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge processes on sludge reduction induced by Oligochaete. Environ Sci Technol 37(14):3171–3180CrossRef Wei Y, van Houten RT, Borger AR, Eikelboom DH, Fan Y (2003) Comparison performances of membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge processes on sludge reduction induced by Oligochaete. Environ Sci Technol 37(14):3171–3180CrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Pauwels B, Fru Ngwa F, Deconinck S, Verstraete W (2006) Effluent quality of a conventional activated sludge and a membrane bioreactor system treating hospital wastewater. Environ Technol 27(4):395–402CrossRef Pauwels B, Fru Ngwa F, Deconinck S, Verstraete W (2006) Effluent quality of a conventional activated sludge and a membrane bioreactor system treating hospital wastewater. Environ Technol 27(4):395–402CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) for Water Reuse in the USA
verfasst von
Ziqiang Yin
Irene Xagoraraki
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2014_324