Microcrystalline cellulose extraction from comprehensive characterization of Mangifera indica leaf biowaste for high-performance bio-based polymer composites

New natural cellulosic materials used to make high-performance bio-based composites are attracting a lot of attention due to their enhanced properties. This study aimed to investigate micro-sized cellulosic fillers produced from Mangifera indica (Mango) leaves (MIL) with respect to their morphological and physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour, crystallinity and other relevant parameters. Some of cellulose's notable properties are excellent mechanical capabilities, biocompatibility, low density, biodegradability and heat stability. An acid hydrolysis process was used to extract cellulose from dried MIL. Isolated microcrystalline cellulose's crystallinity index and crystalline size were measured using X-ray diffraction, with results of 58.6% and 20.28 nm, respectively. The extracted cellulose filler's morphology was investigated using FESEM and ImageJ. The FESEM image shows MCCs morphology, thick framework formation, cellular structure, microfibrils, surface roughness and bonding making it a promising candidate for high-strength applications due to its enhanced bonding surface and structural integrity. The average size of the microfillers was found to be 103.161 μm. The absence of lignin, hemicelluloses and other non-cellulosic impurities in the extracted cellulose fillers was verified by infrared analysis employing Fourier transforms (FTIR). The findings suggest that waste materials that are already present in nature can be transformed into useful components for polymeric composites that can withstand processing temperatures ranging from 180℃ to 200℃. Surface roughness indicates cellulose is smooth, appropriate and noticeable without cracks. Therefore, lot of possibilities for extrusion methods in incorporating these microparticles into polymer composites.