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Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science 15/2018

26.04.2018 | Ceramics

Microcrystals of antimony compounds in lead–potassium and lead glass and their effect on glass corrosion: a study of historical glass beads using electron microscopy

verfasst von: Tatyana V. Yuryeva, Ekaterina A. Morozova, Irina F. Kadikova, Oleg V. Uvarov, Ilya B. Afanasyev, Alexey D. Yapryntsev, Maria V. Lukashova, Sergey A. Malykhin, Irina A. Grigorieva, Vladimir A. Yuryev

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science | Ausgabe 15/2018

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Abstract

Crystalline inclusions of antimony compounds in lead glass of the nineteenth century have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, electron backscatter diffraction and microcathodoluminescence. Microcrystallites of orthorhombic \(\hbox {KSbOSiO}_4\) (KSS) with the sizes ranging from about 200 nm to several micrometers have been detected in lead–potassium glass of turquoise seed beads prone to a glass disease causing the irrecoverable deterioration of beaded articles kept in museums. The KSS crystals have high number density and tend to form large colonies. Crystallites of cubic \(\hbox {Pb}_2\hbox {Fe}_{0.5}\hbox {Sb}_{1.5}\hbox {O}_{6.5}\) have been detected in stable yellow lead glass beads. Their number density and sizes are much less than those of the KSS particles observed in turquoise glass; they do not form large clusters. We have come to conclusion that KSS precipitates are responsible for the internal strain-induced corrosion of turquoise lead–potassium glass eventually resulting in crumbling of beads to sand particles. The following scenario explains this phenomenon: \(\hbox {K}^+\) and \(\hbox {Sb}^{5+}\) used for glass doping form KSS crystallites during glass melting; tensile strain arising in the glass matrix during cooling because of difference in temperature coefficients of linear expansion of glass and KSS crystals gives rise to crack formation and in course of time results in glass falling apart to heterogeneous pieces. Small crystallites of \(\hbox {Pb}_2\hbox {Fe}_{0.5}\hbox {Sb}_{1.5}\hbox {O}_{6.5}\) cannot induce a sufficient strain to break yellow lead glass, and internal cracks do not arise in this glass during its cooling. This may explain the stability of yellow lead glass.

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Fußnoten
1
KSS crystallites were observed and identified in this glass using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microspectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction [8].
 
2
During tumble polishing, bead holes were filled with a mixture of clay, chalk and charcoal [10] that introduced an additional perturbation into glass due to diffusion of foreign elements, e.g., carbon, into its volume around the hole. A tumbling barrel was also filled with the same abrasive mixture. Tumbling was usually repeated several times until brilliant round seed beads were obtained.
 
3
Some substances containing Sb, however, might be present in glass in amounts below the EDX detection limit of Sb.
 
4
A very weak band of antimony, insufficiently intense for determination of its quantity, is present in curve 1 of Fig. 10, however.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Microcrystals of antimony compounds in lead–potassium and lead glass and their effect on glass corrosion: a study of historical glass beads using electron microscopy
verfasst von
Tatyana V. Yuryeva
Ekaterina A. Morozova
Irina F. Kadikova
Oleg V. Uvarov
Ilya B. Afanasyev
Alexey D. Yapryntsev
Maria V. Lukashova
Sergey A. Malykhin
Irina A. Grigorieva
Vladimir A. Yuryev
Publikationsdatum
26.04.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Materials Science / Ausgabe 15/2018
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2332-2

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