Skip to main content

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Militär und Medien

verfasst von : Fabian Virchow

Erschienen in: Militärsoziologie – Eine Einführung

Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen der Militärsoziologie wird die Forschung zum Verhältnis und zur Interaktion von Medien und Militär als Teil der zivil-militärischen Beziehungen begriffen, wobei neben dem Spannungsverhältnis im Kriegsfall – vereinfacht gefasst: Interesse an Berichterstattung hier, Kontrolle von Informationen dort – vor allem auf die Wahrnehmung des Militärs in der öffentlichen Meinung abgehoben wird. In einem breiteren Zugriff befasst sich Forschung nicht nur mit der Berichterstattung klassischer Printmedien, sondern auch mit populärkulturellen Produkten, die Militär(isches) präsentieren, sowie mit dem Militär als Institution bzw. seinen Angehörigen als Mediennutzende und Medienhandelnde. Der Beitrag gibt einen internationalen Überblick über die Forschungen zum Verhältnis von Medien und Militär, zur medialen Darstellung und Konstruktion von Militär sowie zum Militär als medienhandelnden Akteur.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Siehe hierzu auch den Beitrag von Steinbrecher in diesem Band.
 
2
Für entsprechende Beispiele vergleiche Winter (1991); Allen et al. (1994); Tumber und Palmer (2004); Exoo (2010); Robinson et al. (2010) oder Safdar et al. (2014).
 
3
DDoS – Distributed-Denial-of-Service. DDoS-Angriffe zielen darauf ab, einen Internetdienst nicht mehr verfügbar zu machen, indem Anfragen von einer großen Zahl an Rechnern aus durchgeführt werden. Da bei einem DDoS-Angriff die Anfragen von einer Vielzahl von Quellen ausgehen (distributed), ist es nicht möglich, den Angreifer zu blockieren, ohne die Kommunikation mit dem Netzwerk komplett einzustellen.
 
4
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) bezeichnet eine Technologie für Sender-Empfänger-Systeme zum automatischen und berührungslosen Identifizieren und Lokalisieren von Objekten und Lebewesen mittels Radiowellen.
 
5
Beim Pool-Prinzip werden nur ausgewählte Journalistinnen und Journalisten vor Ort informiert bzw. von der Armee an bestimmte Punkte des Kampfgebiets gebracht. Diese Berichterstatterinnen und -erstatter stellen im Anschluss ihre Texte anderen Medien zur Verfügung. Das System war zunächst von Medienvertreterinnen und -vertretern in der Hoffnung vorgeschlagen worden, besseren Zugang zu Informationen zu bekommen.
 
6
Der Begriff netizen setzt sich zusammen aus Teilen der englischen Worte internet und citizen. Er wird benutzt, wenn es um sehr aktive Internetnutzer und -nutzerinnen geht.
 
7
Der Begriff bezieht sich auf die Praxis der US-Streitkräfte, beim Irakkrieg 2003 zivile Kriegsberichterstatter und -berichterstatterinnen einer kämpfenden Miliäreinheit zuzuweisen, sodass diese unmittelbar an der Einsatzerfahrung teilhaben konnten. Diese Praxis war eine Reaktion auf die Forderungen US-amerikanischer Massenmedien, denen der Zugang zum Kriegsgeschehen während der Golfkrieges 1991 und in Afghanistan 2001 nicht ausgereicht hatte.
 
8
Siehe hierzu auch den Beitrag von Kümmel zu Frauen im Militär in diesem Band.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abazi, Enika/Doja, Albert (2017): The past in the present: time and narrative of Balkan wars in media industry and international politics. In: Third World Quarterly, 38: 4, 1012–1042. Abazi, Enika/Doja, Albert (2017): The past in the present: time and narrative of Balkan wars in media industry and international politics. In: Third World Quarterly, 38: 4, 1012–1042.
Zurück zum Zitat Aday, Sean/Livingston, Stephen/Herbert, Maeve (2005): Embedding the Truth. A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Objectivity and Television Coverage of the Iraq War. In: Press/Politics, 10: 1, 3–21. Aday, Sean/Livingston, Stephen/Herbert, Maeve (2005): Embedding the Truth. A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Objectivity and Television Coverage of the Iraq War. In: Press/Politics, 10: 1, 3–21.
Zurück zum Zitat Adey, Peter/Denney, David/Jensen, Rikke/Pinkerton, Adaslair (2016): Blurred lines: intimacy, mobility, and the social military. In: Critical Military Studies, 2: 1–2, 7–24. Adey, Peter/Denney, David/Jensen, Rikke/Pinkerton, Adaslair (2016): Blurred lines: intimacy, mobility, and the social military. In: Critical Military Studies, 2: 1–2, 7–24.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahrens, Jens-Rainer/Apelt, Maja/Bender, Christiane (Hrsg.) (2005): Frauen im Militär. Empirische Befunde und Perspektiven zur Integration von Frauen in die Streitkräfte. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Ahrens, Jens-Rainer/Apelt, Maja/Bender, Christiane (Hrsg.) (2005): Frauen im Militär. Empirische Befunde und Perspektiven zur Integration von Frauen in die Streitkräfte. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Zurück zum Zitat Akhtar, Nadeem/Pratt, Cornelius B. (2017) Pakistani Government–News Media Relationships. In: Journalism Studies, 18:1, 65–85. Akhtar, Nadeem/Pratt, Cornelius B. (2017) Pakistani Government–News Media Relationships. In: Journalism Studies, 18:1, 65–85.
Zurück zum Zitat Alitavoli, Rayeheh (2020): Framing the news on the Syrian War: A comparative study of antiwar.com and cnn.com editorials. In: Media, War & Conflict, 13: 4, 487–505. Alitavoli, Rayeheh (2020): Framing the news on the Syrian War: A comparative study of antiwar.com and cnn.com editorials. In: Media, War & Conflict, 13: 4, 487–505.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen, Barbara/O’Loughlin, Paula/Jasperson, Amy/Sullivan, John L. (1994): The Media and the Gulf War: Framing, Priming, and the Spiral of Silence. In: Polity, 27: 2, 255–284. Allen, Barbara/O’Loughlin, Paula/Jasperson, Amy/Sullivan, John L. (1994): The Media and the Gulf War: Framing, Priming, and the Spiral of Silence. In: Polity, 27: 2, 255–284.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen, Robertson (2017): America’s Digital Army. Games at Work and War. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press. Allen, Robertson (2017): America’s Digital Army. Games at Work and War. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson, Robin (2017): Learning to Love Biomimetic Killing: How Jurassic World Embraces Life Forms as Weapons. In: American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 76: 2, 458–482. Anderson, Robin (2017): Learning to Love Biomimetic Killing: How Jurassic World Embraces Life Forms as Weapons. In: American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 76: 2, 458–482.
Zurück zum Zitat Åse, Cecilia/Wendt, Maria (2018): Gendering the new hero narratives: Military death in Denmark and Sweden. In: Cooperation and Conflict, 53: 1, 23–41. Åse, Cecilia/Wendt, Maria (2018): Gendering the new hero narratives: Military death in Denmark and Sweden. In: Cooperation and Conflict, 53: 1, 23–41.
Zurück zum Zitat Bastiansen, Henrik G./Klimke, Martin/Werenskjold, Rolf (Hrsg.) (2019): Media and the Cold War in the 1980s. Between Star Wars and Glasnost. Cham: Springer Nature. Bastiansen, Henrik G./Klimke, Martin/Werenskjold, Rolf (Hrsg.) (2019): Media and the Cold War in the 1980s. Between Star Wars and Glasnost. Cham: Springer Nature.
Zurück zum Zitat Baum, Matthew A./Zhukov, Yuri M. (2019): Media Ownership and News Coverage of International Conflict. In: Political Communication, 36: 1, 36–63. Baum, Matthew A./Zhukov, Yuri M. (2019): Media Ownership and News Coverage of International Conflict. In: Political Communication, 36: 1, 36–63.
Zurück zum Zitat Beck, Daniel/Spencer, Alexander (2021): Just a bit of fun. The camouflaging and defending functions of humour in recruitment videos of the British and Swedish armed forces. In: Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 34: 1, 65–84. Beck, Daniel/Spencer, Alexander (2021): Just a bit of fun. The camouflaging and defending functions of humour in recruitment videos of the British and Swedish armed forces. In: Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 34: 1, 65–84.
Zurück zum Zitat Bengoechea, Mercedes (2011): How effective is ‘femininity’? Media portrayals of the effectiveness of the first Spanish Woman Defence Minister. In: Gender & Language, 5: 2, 405–429. Bengoechea, Mercedes (2011): How effective is ‘femininity’? Media portrayals of the effectiveness of the first Spanish Woman Defence Minister. In: Gender & Language, 5: 2, 405–429.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger, Eva/Naaman, Dorit (2011): Combat cuties: photographs of Israeli women soldiers in the press since the 2006 Lebanon War. In: Media, War & Conflict 4: 3, 269–286. Berger, Eva/Naaman, Dorit (2011): Combat cuties: photographs of Israeli women soldiers in the press since the 2006 Lebanon War. In: Media, War & Conflict 4: 3, 269–286.
Zurück zum Zitat Binder, Werner (2013): Abu Ghraib und die Folgen. Ein Skandal als ikonische Wende im Krieg gegen den Terror. Bielefeld: transcript. Binder, Werner (2013): Abu Ghraib und die Folgen. Ein Skandal als ikonische Wende im Krieg gegen den Terror. Bielefeld: transcript.
Zurück zum Zitat Bliembach, Eva (1996): Worte als Waffen. Flugblattpropaganda im Kalten Krieg. In: Diesener/Gries (1996): 235–254. Bliembach, Eva (1996): Worte als Waffen. Flugblattpropaganda im Kalten Krieg. In: Diesener/Gries (1996): 235–254.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandenburg, Heinz (2007): ‚Security at the Source‘. Journalism Studies, 8: 6, 948–963.CrossRef Brandenburg, Heinz (2007): ‚Security at the Source‘. Journalism Studies, 8: 6, 948–963.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brantly, Aaron/Smeets, Max (2020): Military Operations in Cyberspace. In: Sookermany (2020): 1–16. Brantly, Aaron/Smeets, Max (2020): Military Operations in Cyberspace. In: Sookermany (2020): 1–16.
Zurück zum Zitat Bridges, Donna/Wadham, Ben (2020): Gender under fire: portrayals of military women in the Australian print media. In: Feminist Media Studies, 20: 2, 219–237. Bridges, Donna/Wadham, Ben (2020): Gender under fire: portrayals of military women in the Australian print media. In: Feminist Media Studies, 20: 2, 219–237.
Zurück zum Zitat Caforio, Giuseppe (Hrsg.) (2003): Handbook of the Sociology of the Military. New York: Kluwer. Caforio, Giuseppe (Hrsg.) (2003): Handbook of the Sociology of the Military. New York: Kluwer.
Zurück zum Zitat Cai, Cuihong/Dati, Diego (2015): Words Mightier Than Hacks: Narratives of Cyberwar in the United States and China: In: Asian Perspectives, 39, 541–553.CrossRef Cai, Cuihong/Dati, Diego (2015): Words Mightier Than Hacks: Narratives of Cyberwar in the United States and China: In: Asian Perspectives, 39, 541–553.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Coe, Kevin (2015): Honoring the Dead, Supporting the War: Media Eulogies and the Possibilities of Patriotic Discourse. In: Parcell/Webb (2015): 237–254. Coe, Kevin (2015): Honoring the Dead, Supporting the War: Media Eulogies and the Possibilities of Patriotic Discourse. In: Parcell/Webb (2015): 237–254.
Zurück zum Zitat Collins, Ross F./Pritchard, Andrew D. (2016): Pictures From the Sky: Propaganda Leaflet Psyop During the Korean War. In: Visual Communication Quarterly, 23: 4, 210–222. Collins, Ross F./Pritchard, Andrew D. (2016): Pictures From the Sky: Propaganda Leaflet Psyop During the Korean War. In: Visual Communication Quarterly, 23: 4, 210–222.
Zurück zum Zitat Cortell, Andrew P./Eisinger, Robert M./Althaus, Scott L. (2009): Why Embed? Explaining the Bush Administration’s Decision to Embed Reporters in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. In: American Behavioral Scientist, 52: 5, 657–677. Cortell, Andrew P./Eisinger, Robert M./Althaus, Scott L. (2009): Why Embed? Explaining the Bush Administration’s Decision to Embed Reporters in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. In: American Behavioral Scientist, 52: 5, 657–677.
Zurück zum Zitat Coticchia, Fabrizio/D’Amato, Silvia (2018): Can you hear me Major Tom? News, narratives and contemporary military operations: the case of the Italian mission in Afghanistan. In: European Security, 27: 2, 224–244. Coticchia, Fabrizio/D’Amato, Silvia (2018): Can you hear me Major Tom? News, narratives and contemporary military operations: the case of the Italian mission in Afghanistan. In: European Security, 27: 2, 224–244.
Zurück zum Zitat Dalton, Emma (2019): Women as helpmates: the Japanese Self-Defense Forces and gender. In: Critical Military Studies, Online First: 26. Dezember 2019. Dalton, Emma (2019): Women as helpmates: the Japanese Self-Defense Forces and gender. In: Critical Military Studies, Online First: 26. Dezember 2019.
Zurück zum Zitat Daly, Kristen (2009): Remediating War in Iraq. In: Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 21: 2, 171–181. Daly, Kristen (2009): Remediating War in Iraq. In: Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 21: 2, 171–181.
Zurück zum Zitat Davies, Graeme AM/Schulzke, Marcus/Almond, Thomas (2018): Sheltering the president from blame: Drone strikes, media assessments and heterogeneous responsibility 2002–2014. In: The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 20: 2, 477–496. Davies, Graeme AM/Schulzke, Marcus/Almond, Thomas (2018): Sheltering the president from blame: Drone strikes, media assessments and heterogeneous responsibility 2002–2014. In: The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 20: 2, 477–496.
Zurück zum Zitat DeCillia, Brooks (2017): ‚But it is not getting any safer!‘: The contested dynamic of framing Canada’s military mission in Afghanistan. In: Canadian Journal of Political Science, 51: 1, 155–177. DeCillia, Brooks (2017): ‚But it is not getting any safer!‘: The contested dynamic of framing Canada’s military mission in Afghanistan. In: Canadian Journal of Political Science, 51: 1, 155–177.
Zurück zum Zitat Diesener, Gerald/Gries, Rainer (Hrsg.) (1996): Propaganda in Deutschland. Zur Geschichte der politischen Massenbeeinflussung im 20. Jahrhundert, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Diesener, Gerald/Gries, Rainer (Hrsg.) (1996): Propaganda in Deutschland. Zur Geschichte der politischen Massenbeeinflussung im 20. Jahrhundert, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
Zurück zum Zitat Dodson, Giles (2010): Australian Journalism and War. Professional Discourse and the Legitimation Of The 2003 Iraq Invasion. In: Journalism Studies, 11: 1, 99–114. Dodson, Giles (2010): Australian Journalism and War. Professional Discourse and the Legitimation Of The 2003 Iraq Invasion. In: Journalism Studies, 11: 1, 99–114.
Zurück zum Zitat Drentwett, Christine (2009): Vom Nachrichtenvermittler zum Nachrichtenthema. Metaberichterstattung bei Medienereignissen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. Drentwett, Christine (2009): Vom Nachrichtenvermittler zum Nachrichtenthema. Metaberichterstattung bei Medienereignissen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
Zurück zum Zitat Edwards, Major P. W. D (1998): The military‐media relationship‐A time to redress the balance? In: RUSI-Journal, 143: 5, 43–49. Edwards, Major P. W. D (1998): The military‐media relationship‐A time to redress the balance? In: RUSI-Journal, 143: 5, 43–49.
Zurück zum Zitat Edwards-Stewart, Amanda/Kinn, Julie T./June, Jennifer D./Fullerton, Nicole R. (2011): Military and Civilian Media Coverage of Suicide. In: Archives of Suicide Research, 15: 4, 304–312. Edwards-Stewart, Amanda/Kinn, Julie T./June, Jennifer D./Fullerton, Nicole R. (2011): Military and Civilian Media Coverage of Suicide. In: Archives of Suicide Research, 15: 4, 304–312.
Zurück zum Zitat Eiichi, Morohashi/Seminar, Tamai Kiyoshi (2020): The Japanese Press and Japan’s Entrance into the First World War. In: Schmidt/Schmidtpott (2020): 101–124. Eiichi, Morohashi/Seminar, Tamai Kiyoshi (2020): The Japanese Press and Japan’s Entrance into the First World War. In: Schmidt/Schmidtpott (2020): 101–124.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenman, Stephen F. (2007): The Abu Ghraib Effect. London: Reaktion Books. Eisenman, Stephen F. (2007): The Abu Ghraib Effect. London: Reaktion Books.
Zurück zum Zitat El Damanhoury, Kareem/Winkler, Carol/Kaczkowski, Wojciech/Dicker, Aaron (2018): Examining the military–media nexus in ISIS’s provincial photography campaign. In: Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 11: 2, 89–108. El Damanhoury, Kareem/Winkler, Carol/Kaczkowski, Wojciech/Dicker, Aaron (2018): Examining the military–media nexus in ISIS’s provincial photography campaign. In: Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 11: 2, 89–108.
Zurück zum Zitat Ender, Morton G./Segal, David R. (1995): V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole: Soldier isolation, (tele)communication, and force-projection operations. In: Journal of Political and Military Sociology, 24: 1, 83–104. Ender, Morton G./Segal, David R. (1995): V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole: Soldier isolation, (tele)communication, and force-projection operations. In: Journal of Political and Military Sociology, 24: 1, 83–104.
Zurück zum Zitat Ender, Morton G./Reed, Brian J./Absalon, Jacob Paul (2020): Popular Culture and the Military. In: Sookermany (2020): 1–19. Ender, Morton G./Reed, Brian J./Absalon, Jacob Paul (2020): Popular Culture and the Military. In: Sookermany (2020): 1–19.
Zurück zum Zitat Entman, Robert M./Livingston, Steven/Kim, Jennie (2009): Doomed to Repeat. Iraq News, 2002–2007. In: American Behavioral Scientist, 52: 5, 689–708. Entman, Robert M./Livingston, Steven/Kim, Jennie (2009): Doomed to Repeat. Iraq News, 2002–2007. In: American Behavioral Scientist, 52: 5, 689–708.
Zurück zum Zitat Esser, Frank (2009): Metacoverage of Mediated Wars: How the Press Framed the Role of the News Media and of Military News Management in the Iraq Wars of 1991 and 2003. In: American Behavioral Scientist, 52: 5, 709–734. Esser, Frank (2009): Metacoverage of Mediated Wars: How the Press Framed the Role of the News Media and of Military News Management in the Iraq Wars of 1991 and 2003. In: American Behavioral Scientist, 52: 5, 709–734.
Zurück zum Zitat Exoo, Calvin F. (2010): The Pen and the Sword. Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks/London: Sage. Exoo, Calvin F. (2010): The Pen and the Sword. Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks/London: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Fine, Richard A. (2010): “Snakes in Our Midst”: The Media, the Military and American Policy toward Vichy North Africa. In: American Journalism, 27: 4, 59–82. Fine, Richard A. (2010): “Snakes in Our Midst”: The Media, the Military and American Policy toward Vichy North Africa. In: American Journalism, 27: 4, 59–82.
Zurück zum Zitat Fine, Richard A. (2016): Edward Kennedy’s Long Road to Reims: The Media and the Military in World War II. In: American Journalism, 33: 3, 317–339. Fine, Richard A. (2016): Edward Kennedy’s Long Road to Reims: The Media and the Military in World War II. In: American Journalism, 33: 3, 317–339.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer, Mia (2014): Commemorating 9/11 NFL-Style: Insights Into America’s Culture of Militarism. In: Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 38: 3, 199–221. Fischer, Mia (2014): Commemorating 9/11 NFL-Style: Insights Into America’s Culture of Militarism. In: Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 38: 3, 199–221.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedel, Susanne (2010): Feminisierte Soldatinnen: Weiblichkeit und Militär in Israel. In: Thiele et al. (2010): 103–118. Friedel, Susanne (2010): Feminisierte Soldatinnen: Weiblichkeit und Militär in Israel. In: Thiele et al. (2010): 103–118.
Zurück zum Zitat Foster, Kevin (2012): Shadows of Vietnam: reforming military–media relations in the USA and Australia: In: Journal of Australian Studies, 36: 4, 459–472. Foster, Kevin (2012): Shadows of Vietnam: reforming military–media relations in the USA and Australia: In: Journal of Australian Studies, 36: 4, 459–472.
Zurück zum Zitat Ginosar, Avshalom (2015): Understanding Patriotic Journalism: Culture, Ideology and Professional Behavior. In: Journal of Media Ethics, 30: 4, 289–301. Ginosar, Avshalom (2015): Understanding Patriotic Journalism: Culture, Ideology and Professional Behavior. In: Journal of Media Ethics, 30: 4, 289–301.
Zurück zum Zitat Golan, Oren/Ben Ari, Eyal (2016): Armed Forces, Cyberspace and Global Images: The Official Website of the Israeli Defense Forces 2007–2015. In: Armed Forces & Society, 44: 2, 280–300. Golan, Oren/Ben Ari, Eyal (2016): Armed Forces, Cyberspace and Global Images: The Official Website of the Israeli Defense Forces 2007–2015. In: Armed Forces & Society, 44: 2, 280–300.
Zurück zum Zitat Glunz, Claudia/Schneider, Thomas F. (2010): Wahrheitsmaschinen. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Osnabrück. Glunz, Claudia/Schneider, Thomas F. (2010): Wahrheitsmaschinen. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Osnabrück.
Zurück zum Zitat Haigh, Michel M. et al. (2006): A Comparison of Embedded and Nonembedded Print Coverage of the U.S. Invasion and Occupation of Iraq. In: Press/Politics, 11: 2, 139–153. Haigh, Michel M. et al. (2006): A Comparison of Embedded and Nonembedded Print Coverage of the U.S. Invasion and Occupation of Iraq. In: Press/Politics, 11: 2, 139–153.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasian, Marouf Jr./Lawson, Sean (2018): The Syrian Rebellion and the ‘First Social Media War’. In: Dee (2018): 131–157. Hasian, Marouf Jr./Lawson, Sean (2018): The Syrian Rebellion and the ‘First Social Media War’. In: Dee (2018): 131–157.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes, Andrew F./Reineke, Jason B. (2007): The Effects of Government Censorship of War-Related News Coverage on Interest in the Censored Coverage: A Test of Competing Theories. In: Mass Communication & Society, 10: 4, 423–438. Hayes, Andrew F./Reineke, Jason B. (2007): The Effects of Government Censorship of War-Related News Coverage on Interest in the Censored Coverage: A Test of Competing Theories. In: Mass Communication & Society, 10: 4, 423–438.
Zurück zum Zitat Hellman, Maria/Wagnsson, Charlotte (2015): New media and the war in Afghanistan: The significance of blogging for the Swedish strategic narrative. In: New Media & Society, 17: 1, 6–23. Hellman, Maria/Wagnsson, Charlotte (2015): New media and the war in Afghanistan: The significance of blogging for the Swedish strategic narrative. In: New Media & Society, 17: 1, 6–23.
Zurück zum Zitat Höglund, Johan/Willander, Martin (2017): Black-Hawk Down: Adaptation and the Military-Entertainment Complex. In: Culture Unbound, 9: 3, 365–389. Höglund, Johan/Willander, Martin (2017): Black-Hawk Down: Adaptation and the Military-Entertainment Complex. In: Culture Unbound, 9: 3, 365–389.
Zurück zum Zitat Horten, Gerd (2011): The Mediatization of War: A Comparison of the American and German Media Coverage of the Vietnam and Iraq Wars. In: American Journalism, 28: 4, 29–53. Horten, Gerd (2011): The Mediatization of War: A Comparison of the American and German Media Coverage of the Vietnam and Iraq Wars. In: American Journalism, 28: 4, 29–53.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoskins, Andrew/O’Loughlin, Ben (2015): Arrested war: the third phase of Mediatization. In: Information, Communication and Society, 18: 11, 1320–1338. Hoskins, Andrew/O’Loughlin, Ben (2015): Arrested war: the third phase of Mediatization. In: Information, Communication and Society, 18: 11, 1320–1338.
Zurück zum Zitat Howard III, John W./Prividera, Laura C. (2008): The Fallen Woman Archetype: Media Representations of Lynndie England, Gender, and the (Ab)uses of U.S. Female Soldiers. In: Women’s Studies in Communication, 31: 3, 287–311. Howard III, John W./Prividera, Laura C. (2008): The Fallen Woman Archetype: Media Representations of Lynndie England, Gender, and the (Ab)uses of U.S. Female Soldiers. In: Women’s Studies in Communication, 31: 3, 287–311.
Zurück zum Zitat Howard III, John W./Prividera, Laura C. (2015): Nationalism and Soldiers’ Health: Media Framing of Soldiers’ Returns from Deployments. In: Parcell/Webb (2105): 217–236. Howard III, John W./Prividera, Laura C. (2015): Nationalism and Soldiers’ Health: Media Framing of Soldiers’ Returns from Deployments. In: Parcell/Webb (2105): 217–236.
Zurück zum Zitat Israeli, Zipi/Rosman-Stollman, Elisheva (2015): Men and Boys. Representations of Israeli Combat Soldiers in the Media. In: Israeli Studies Review, 30: 1, 66–85. Israeli, Zipi/Rosman-Stollman, Elisheva (2015): Men and Boys. Representations of Israeli Combat Soldiers in the Media. In: Israeli Studies Review, 30: 1, 66–85.
Zurück zum Zitat Jäger, Thomas/Viehrig, Henrike (Hrsg.) (2009): Sicherheit und Medien. Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Jäger, Thomas/Viehrig, Henrike (Hrsg.) (2009): Sicherheit und Medien. Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Zurück zum Zitat Jayamaha, Buddhika B./Matisek, Jahara (2018): Social Media Warriors: Leveraging a New Battlespace. In: Parameters, 48: 4, 13–25. Jayamaha, Buddhika B./Matisek, Jahara (2018): Social Media Warriors: Leveraging a New Battlespace. In: Parameters, 48: 4, 13–25.
Zurück zum Zitat Jester, Natalie (2021): Army recruitment video advertisements in the US and UK since 2002: Challenging ideals of hegemonic military masculinity? Media, War & Conflict, 14: 1, 57–74.CrossRef Jester, Natalie (2021): Army recruitment video advertisements in the US and UK since 2002: Challenging ideals of hegemonic military masculinity? Media, War & Conflict, 14: 1, 57–74.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, Benjamin T./Mattiacci, Eleonora (2019): A Manifesto, in 140 Characters or Fewer: Social Media as a Tool of Rebel Diplomacy. In: British Journal of Political Science, 49: 2, 739–761. Jones, Benjamin T./Mattiacci, Eleonora (2019): A Manifesto, in 140 Characters or Fewer: Social Media as a Tool of Rebel Diplomacy. In: British Journal of Political Science, 49: 2, 739–761.
Zurück zum Zitat Johns, Robert/Davies, Graeme M.A. (2019): Civilian casualties and public support for military action: Experimental evidence. In: Journal of Conflict Resolution, 63: 1, 251–281. Johns, Robert/Davies, Graeme M.A. (2019): Civilian casualties and public support for military action: Experimental evidence. In: Journal of Conflict Resolution, 63: 1, 251–281.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, Nigel/Baines, Paul (2013): Losing Control? In: The RUSI Journal, 158: 1, 72–78. Jones, Nigel/Baines, Paul (2013): Losing Control? In: The RUSI Journal, 158: 1, 72–78.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaempf, Sebastian (2019): ‘A relationship of mutual exploitation’: the evolving ties between the Pentagon, Hollywood, and the commercial gaming sector. In: Social Identities, 25: 4, 542–558. Kaempf, Sebastian (2019): ‘A relationship of mutual exploitation’: the evolving ties between the Pentagon, Hollywood, and the commercial gaming sector. In: Social Identities, 25: 4, 542–558.
Zurück zum Zitat Katz, Yaron (2006): Global Media Influence on the Operational Codes of Israel’s Intelligence Services. In: International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 19: 2, 316–334. Katz, Yaron (2006): Global Media Influence on the Operational Codes of Israel’s Intelligence Services. In: International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 19: 2, 316–334.
Zurück zum Zitat Keeble, Richard Lance/Tulloch, John/Zollmann, Florian (Hrsg.) (2010): Peace Journalism, War and Conflict Resolution. New York u. a.: Peter Lang. Keeble, Richard Lance/Tulloch, John/Zollmann, Florian (Hrsg.) (2010): Peace Journalism, War and Conflict Resolution. New York u. a.: Peter Lang.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller, Jörg (2005): Soldat und Soldatin – Die Konstruktion von Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit am Beispiel von Printmedien der Bundeswehr. In: Ahrens et al. (2005): 79–107. Keller, Jörg (2005): Soldat und Soldatin – Die Konstruktion von Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit am Beispiel von Printmedien der Bundeswehr. In: Ahrens et al. (2005): 79–107.
Zurück zum Zitat Kempshall, Chris (2015): Pixel Lions – the image of the soldier in First World War computer games. In: Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 35: 4, 656–672. Kempshall, Chris (2015): Pixel Lions – the image of the soldier in First World War computer games. In: Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 35: 4, 656–672.
Zurück zum Zitat Kerry, Stephen (2018): Australian news media’s representation of Cate McGregor, the highest ranking Australian transgender military officer. In: Journal of Gender Studies, 27: 6, 683–693. Kerry, Stephen (2018): Australian news media’s representation of Cate McGregor, the highest ranking Australian transgender military officer. In: Journal of Gender Studies, 27: 6, 683–693.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, Claudia J. (2017): Neither a Monolith, nor a Parrot: Patterns of Japanese Media Reports on Futenma Relocation Controversy. In: Social Science Japan Journal, 20: 2, 183–201. Kim, Claudia J. (2017): Neither a Monolith, nor a Parrot: Patterns of Japanese Media Reports on Futenma Relocation Controversy. In: Social Science Japan Journal, 20: 2, 183–201.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirchhoff, Susanne (2010): Stehen sie ihren Mann? – Genderrepräsentationen in der medialen Darstellung von Soldatinnen. In: Thiele et al. (2010): 195–216. Kirchhoff, Susanne (2010): Stehen sie ihren Mann? – Genderrepräsentationen in der medialen Darstellung von Soldatinnen. In: Thiele et al. (2010): 195–216.
Zurück zum Zitat Klauser, Raimund (1996): ‚Eine starke Truppe‘. Bundeswehrwerbung in der Wendezeit. In: Diesener/Gries (1996): 266–285. Klauser, Raimund (1996): ‚Eine starke Truppe‘. Bundeswehrwerbung in der Wendezeit. In: Diesener/Gries (1996): 266–285.
Zurück zum Zitat Kleykamp, Meredith/Hipes, Crosby (2015): Coverage of Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in the U.S. Media. In: Sociological Forum, 30: 2, 348–368. Kleykamp, Meredith/Hipes, Crosby (2015): Coverage of Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in the U.S. Media. In: Sociological Forum, 30: 2, 348–368.
Zurück zum Zitat Korte, Barbara/Tonn, Horst (Hrsg.) (2007): Kriegskorrespondenten: Deutungsinstanzen in der Mediengesellschaft. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Korte, Barbara/Tonn, Horst (Hrsg.) (2007): Kriegskorrespondenten: Deutungsinstanzen in der Mediengesellschaft. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Zurück zum Zitat Krotz, Friedrich (2008): Kultureller und gesellschaftlicher Wandel im Kontext des Wandels von Medien und Kommunikation. In: Thomas (2008): 43–62. Krotz, Friedrich (2008): Kultureller und gesellschaftlicher Wandel im Kontext des Wandels von Medien und Kommunikation. In: Thomas (2008): 43–62.
Zurück zum Zitat Kruck, Andreas/Spencer, Alexander (2013): Contested stories of commercial security: self- and media narratives of private military and security companies, Critical Studies on Security, 1: 3, 326–346.CrossRef Kruck, Andreas/Spencer, Alexander (2013): Contested stories of commercial security: self- and media narratives of private military and security companies, Critical Studies on Security, 1: 3, 326–346.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar, Deepa (2006): Media, War, and Propaganda: Strategies of Information Management During the 2003 Iraq War. In: Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 3: 1, 48–69. Kumar, Deepa (2006): Media, War, and Propaganda: Strategies of Information Management During the 2003 Iraq War. In: Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 3: 1, 48–69.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamy, Philip (1992): Millennialism in the Mass Media: The case of Soldier of Fortune magazine. In: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31: 4, 408–424. Lamy, Philip (1992): Millennialism in the Mass Media: The case of Soldier of Fortune magazine. In: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31: 4, 408–424.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawson, Sean (2014): The US military’s social media civil war: technology as antagonism in discourses of information-age conflict. In: Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 27: 2, 226–245. Lawson, Sean (2014): The US military’s social media civil war: technology as antagonism in discourses of information-age conflict. In: Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 27: 2, 226–245.
Zurück zum Zitat Leonhard, Nina/Werkner, Ines-Jacqueline (Hrsg.) (20122): Militärsoziologie – Eine Einführung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Leonhard, Nina/Werkner, Ines-Jacqueline (Hrsg.) (20122): Militärsoziologie – Eine Einführung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Zurück zum Zitat Limor, Yehiel/Nossek, Hillel (2006): The Military and the Media in the Twenty-First Century: Towards a New Model of Relations. In: Israel Affairs, 12: 3, 484–510. Limor, Yehiel/Nossek, Hillel (2006): The Military and the Media in the Twenty-First Century: Towards a New Model of Relations. In: Israel Affairs, 12: 3, 484–510.
Zurück zum Zitat Livio, Oren (2018): Producing Soldier Boy: Sperm Donation Discourse and Militarism In Israeli Media Culture. In: Critical Studies in Media Communication, 35: 3, 259–272. Livio, Oren (2018): Producing Soldier Boy: Sperm Donation Discourse and Militarism In Israeli Media Culture. In: Critical Studies in Media Communication, 35: 3, 259–272.
Zurück zum Zitat Lord, Matthew James (2020): Gallantry on the Shankill road: the British ‚soldierhero‘ and state-media relations in Northern Ireland, 1969–1979. In: Contemporary British History, 34: 3, 409–432. Lord, Matthew James (2020): Gallantry on the Shankill road: the British ‚soldierhero‘ and state-media relations in Northern Ireland, 1969–1979. In: Contemporary British History, 34: 3, 409–432.
Zurück zum Zitat MacKenzie, Megan/Gunaydin, Eva/Chaudhuri, Umeya (2020): Illicit Military Behavior as Exceptional and Inevitable: Media Coverage of Military Sexual Violence and the ‚Bad Apples‘ Paradox. In: International Studies Quarterly, 64: 1, 45–65. MacKenzie, Megan/Gunaydin, Eva/Chaudhuri, Umeya (2020): Illicit Military Behavior as Exceptional and Inevitable: Media Coverage of Military Sexual Violence and the ‚Bad Apples‘ Paradox. In: International Studies Quarterly, 64: 1, 45–65.
Zurück zum Zitat MacKenzie, S.P. (2017): Camouflaged Advertising: The 1990s TV series Soldier, Soldier and the British Army. In: Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 37: 4, 703–721. MacKenzie, S.P. (2017): Camouflaged Advertising: The 1990s TV series Soldier, Soldier and the British Army. In: Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 37: 4, 703–721.
Zurück zum Zitat MacKenzie, Megan (2020): Why do soldiers swap illicit pictures? How a visual discourse analysis illuminates military band of brother culture. In: Security Dialogue, 51: 4, 340–357. MacKenzie, Megan (2020): Why do soldiers swap illicit pictures? How a visual discourse analysis illuminates military band of brother culture. In: Security Dialogue, 51: 4, 340–357.
Zurück zum Zitat Malešič, Marjan/Kümmel, Gerhard (Hrsg.) (2011): Security and the Military between Reality and Perception. Baden-Baden: Nomos. Malešič, Marjan/Kümmel, Gerhard (Hrsg.) (2011): Security and the Military between Reality and Perception. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Zurück zum Zitat Maltby, Sarah (2010): Mediating peace? Military radio in the Balkans and Afghanistan. In: Keeble et al. (2010): 223–238. Maltby, Sarah (2010): Mediating peace? Military radio in the Balkans and Afghanistan. In: Keeble et al. (2010): 223–238.
Zurück zum Zitat Maltby, Sarah/Thornham, Helen (2016): The digital mundane, social media and the military. In: Media, Culture and Society, 38: 8, 1153–1168. Maltby, Sarah/Thornham, Helen (2016): The digital mundane, social media and the military. In: Media, Culture and Society, 38: 8, 1153–1168.
Zurück zum Zitat Maltby, Sarah/Thornham, Helen/Bennett, Daniel (2015): Capability in the digital: institutional media management and its dis/contents. In: Information, Communication & Society, 18: 11, 1275–1296. Maltby, Sarah/Thornham, Helen/Bennett, Daniel (2015): Capability in the digital: institutional media management and its dis/contents. In: Information, Communication & Society, 18: 11, 1275–1296.
Zurück zum Zitat Mann, Rafi (2013): Beyond the Military Sphere. The 63-Year-Old Debate Over Israel’s Armed Forces ‘Civilianized’ Radio Station. In: Media History, 19: 2, 169–181. Mann, Rafi (2013): Beyond the Military Sphere. The 63-Year-Old Debate Over Israel’s Armed Forces ‘Civilianized’ Radio Station. In: Media History, 19: 2, 169–181.
Zurück zum Zitat Mann, Rafi (2018): The making of military heroes by the Israeli media. In: Israel Affairs, 24: 4, 664–685. Mann, Rafi (2018): The making of military heroes by the Israeli media. In: Israel Affairs, 24: 4, 664–685.
Zurück zum Zitat Matthews-Juarez, Pat/Juarez, Paul D./Faulkner, Roosevelt T. (2013): Social Media and Military Families: A Perspective. In: Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23: 6, 769–776. Matthews-Juarez, Pat/Juarez, Paul D./Faulkner, Roosevelt T. (2013): Social Media and Military Families: A Perspective. In: Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23: 6, 769–776.
Zurück zum Zitat McCammon, Muira (2020): Anticipatory witnessing: military bases and the politics of pre-empting access. In: Information, Communication & Society, Online First: 02 September 2020. McCammon, Muira (2020): Anticipatory witnessing: military bases and the politics of pre-empting access. In: Information, Communication & Society, Online First: 02 September 2020.
Zurück zum Zitat Menshawy Mustafa (2020): The Legitimating Power of Discourse. Constructing the 1973 War under Mubarak. In: Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 13: 3, 256–275. Menshawy Mustafa (2020): The Legitimating Power of Discourse. Constructing the 1973 War under Mubarak. In: Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 13: 3, 256–275.
Zurück zum Zitat Mirrlees, Tanner (2009): Digital militainment by design: producing and playing SOCOM: U.S. Navy SEALs. In: International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, 5: 3, 161–181. Mirrlees, Tanner (2009): Digital militainment by design: producing and playing SOCOM: U.S. Navy SEALs. In: International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, 5: 3, 161–181.
Zurück zum Zitat Mirrlees, Tanner (2017): Transforming Transformers into Militainment: Interrogating the DoD-Hollywood Complex. In: American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 76: 2, 405–434. Mirrlees, Tanner (2017): Transforming Transformers into Militainment: Interrogating the DoD-Hollywood Complex. In: American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 76: 2, 405–434.
Zurück zum Zitat Mostafa, Dalia (2017): The Egyptian Military in Popular Culture: Context and Critique. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef Mostafa, Dalia (2017): The Egyptian Military in Popular Culture: Context and Critique. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Munk, Yael (2019): In the face of violence: a political reading of IDF women soldiers in two Israeli films of the 2000s. In: Feminist Media Studies, 19: 8, 1144–1158. Munk, Yael (2019): In the face of violence: a political reading of IDF women soldiers in two Israeli films of the 2000s. In: Feminist Media Studies, 19: 8, 1144–1158.
Zurück zum Zitat Myers, Oren (2016): ‘Mom’s Voice’ and Other Voices: Civil–Military Relations as a Media Ritual. In: International Journal of Communication, 10, 1232–1251. Myers, Oren (2016): ‘Mom’s Voice’ and Other Voices: Civil–Military Relations as a Media Ritual. In: International Journal of Communication, 10, 1232–1251.
Zurück zum Zitat Nossek, Hillel/Limor, Yehiel (2001): Fifty Years in a ‘Marriage Of Convenience’: News Media and Military Censorship in Israel, Communication Law & Policy, 6: 1, 1–35.CrossRef Nossek, Hillel/Limor, Yehiel (2001): Fifty Years in a ‘Marriage Of Convenience’: News Media and Military Censorship in Israel, Communication Law & Policy, 6: 1, 1–35.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Padilla, Peter A./Laner, Mary Riege (2001): Trends in Military Influences on Army Recruitment, 1915–1953. In: Sociological Inquiry, 71: 4, 421–436. Padilla, Peter A./Laner, Mary Riege (2001): Trends in Military Influences on Army Recruitment, 1915–1953. In: Sociological Inquiry, 71: 4, 421–436.
Zurück zum Zitat Parcell, Erin Sahlstein/Webb, Lynne M. (Hrsg.) (2015): A Communication Perspective on the Military. New York u. a.: Peter Lang. Parcell, Erin Sahlstein/Webb, Lynne M. (Hrsg.) (2015): A Communication Perspective on the Military. New York u. a.: Peter Lang.
Zurück zum Zitat Parrott, Scott/Albright, David L./Dyche, Caitlin/Steele, Hailey Grace (2018): Hero, Charity Case, and Victim: How U.S. News Media Frame Military Veterans on Twitter. In: Armed Forces & Society, 45: 4, 702–722. Parrott, Scott/Albright, David L./Dyche, Caitlin/Steele, Hailey Grace (2018): Hero, Charity Case, and Victim: How U.S. News Media Frame Military Veterans on Twitter. In: Armed Forces & Society, 45: 4, 702–722.
Zurück zum Zitat Parrott, Scott/Albright, David L./Steele, Hailey Grace/Dyche, Caitlin (2019): The U.S. Military Veteran in News Photographs: Representation and Stereotypes. In: Visual Communication Quarterly, 26: 2, 79–90. Parrott, Scott/Albright, David L./Steele, Hailey Grace/Dyche, Caitlin (2019): The U.S. Military Veteran in News Photographs: Representation and Stereotypes. In: Visual Communication Quarterly, 26: 2, 79–90.
Zurück zum Zitat Parrott, Scott/Albright, David L./Eckhart, Nicholas (2021): Veterans and Media: The Effects of News Exposure on Thoughts, Attitudes, and Support of Military Veterans. In: Armed Forces & Society, Online First: 20. Januar 2021. Parrott, Scott/Albright, David L./Eckhart, Nicholas (2021): Veterans and Media: The Effects of News Exposure on Thoughts, Attitudes, and Support of Military Veterans. In: Armed Forces & Society, Online First: 20. Januar 2021.
Zurück zum Zitat Parry, Katy (2018): Private Pictures and Public Secrets. In: Journalism Studies, 19: 8, 1098–1115. Parry, Katy (2018): Private Pictures and Public Secrets. In: Journalism Studies, 19: 8, 1098–1115.
Zurück zum Zitat Parrott, Scott/Albright, David L./Eckhart, Nicholas/Laha-Walsh, Kirsten (2020): Mental Representations of Military Veterans: The Pictures (and Words) In Our Heads. In: Journal of Veteran Studies, 6: 3, 61–71. Parrott, Scott/Albright, David L./Eckhart, Nicholas/Laha-Walsh, Kirsten (2020): Mental Representations of Military Veterans: The Pictures (and Words) In Our Heads. In: Journal of Veteran Studies, 6: 3, 61–71.
Zurück zum Zitat Peri, Yoram (1999): Media, war and citizenship. In: The Communication Review, 3: 4, 323–352. Peri, Yoram (1999): Media, war and citizenship. In: The Communication Review, 3: 4, 323–352.
Zurück zum Zitat Pfau, Michael/Haigh, Michel/Gettle, Mitchell/Donnelly, Michael/Scott, Gregory/Warr, Dana/Wittenberg, Elaine (2004): Embedding Journalists in Military Units: Impact on Newspaper Story Frames and Tone. In: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81: 1, 74–88. Pfau, Michael/Haigh, Michel/Gettle, Mitchell/Donnelly, Michael/Scott, Gregory/Warr, Dana/Wittenberg, Elaine (2004): Embedding Journalists in Military Units: Impact on Newspaper Story Frames and Tone. In: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81: 1, 74–88.
Zurück zum Zitat Pfau, Michael et al. (2005): Embedded Reporting During the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq: How the Embedding of Journalists Affects Television News Reports. In: Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49: 4, 468–487. Pfau, Michael et al. (2005): Embedded Reporting During the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq: How the Embedding of Journalists Affects Television News Reports. In: Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49: 4, 468–487.
Zurück zum Zitat Phillips, Rita (2020): The Stigmatized Hero? A Review of UK Opinion Polls and Surveys on Perceptions of British Veterans in UK Society. In: Journal of Veteran Studies, 6:1, 64–84. Online First: 30. Januar 2020. Phillips, Rita (2020): The Stigmatized Hero? A Review of UK Opinion Polls and Surveys on Perceptions of British Veterans in UK Society. In: Journal of Veteran Studies, 6:1, 64–84. Online First: 30. Januar 2020.
Zurück zum Zitat Pinder, Richard J./Murphy, Dominic/Hatch, Stephani L./Iversen, Amy/Dandeker, Christopher/Wessely, Simon (2009): A Mixed Methods Analysis of the Perceptions of the Media by Members of the British Forces during the Iraq War. In: Armed Forces & Society, 36: 1, 131–152. Pinder, Richard J./Murphy, Dominic/Hatch, Stephani L./Iversen, Amy/Dandeker, Christopher/Wessely, Simon (2009): A Mixed Methods Analysis of the Perceptions of the Media by Members of the British Forces during the Iraq War. In: Armed Forces & Society, 36: 1, 131–152.
Zurück zum Zitat Pitchford-Hyde, Jenna (2017): Bare Strength: representing veterans of the desert wars in US media. In: Media, Culture & Society, 39: 1, 45–61. Pitchford-Hyde, Jenna (2017): Bare Strength: representing veterans of the desert wars in US media. In: Media, Culture & Society, 39: 1, 45–61.
Zurück zum Zitat Pötzsch, Holger (2015): The emergence of iWar: Changing practices and perceptions of military engagement in a digital era. In: New Media & Society, 17: 1, 78–95. Pötzsch, Holger (2015): The emergence of iWar: Changing practices and perceptions of military engagement in a digital era. In: New Media & Society, 17: 1, 78–95.
Zurück zum Zitat Porch, Douglas (2002): ‘No bad stories’. The American Military-Media Relationship. In: Naval War College Review, 55: 1, 85–107. Porch, Douglas (2002): ‘No bad stories’. The American Military-Media Relationship. In: Naval War College Review, 55: 1, 85–107.
Zurück zum Zitat Rai, Ajay K. (2000): Military‐Media interface: Changing paradigms, new challenges. In: Strategic Analysis, 24: 5, 899–921. Rai, Ajay K. (2000): Military‐Media interface: Changing paradigms, new challenges. In: Strategic Analysis, 24: 5, 899–921.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramić, Anela (2015): What Media Wants From A Relationship With The Military? In: Polemos, 18: 1, 75–89. Ramić, Anela (2015): What Media Wants From A Relationship With The Military? In: Polemos, 18: 1, 75–89.
Zurück zum Zitat Ratta, Donatella Della (2018): Shooting a Revolution. Visual Media and Warfare in Syria. London: Pluto Press. Ratta, Donatella Della (2018): Shooting a Revolution. Visual Media and Warfare in Syria. London: Pluto Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Rauchhaus, Moritz/Roth, Tobias (Hrsg.) (2020): Feindflugblätter des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Berlin: Verlag Das kulturelle Gedächtnis. Rauchhaus, Moritz/Roth, Tobias (Hrsg.) (2020): Feindflugblätter des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Berlin: Verlag Das kulturelle Gedächtnis.
Zurück zum Zitat Rea, Jennifer/Behnke, Andrew/Huff, Nichole/Allen, Kimberly (2015): The Role of Online Communication in the Lives of Military Spouses. In: Contemporary Family Therapy, 37: 3, 329–339. Rea, Jennifer/Behnke, Andrew/Huff, Nichole/Allen, Kimberly (2015): The Role of Online Communication in the Lives of Military Spouses. In: Contemporary Family Therapy, 37: 3, 329–339.
Zurück zum Zitat Resteigne, Delphine (2010): Still Connected in Operations? The Milblog Culture. In: International Peacekeeping, 17: 4, 515–525. Resteigne, Delphine (2010): Still Connected in Operations? The Milblog Culture. In: International Peacekeeping, 17: 4, 515–525.
Zurück zum Zitat Rhidenour, Kayla B./Barrett, Ashley K./Blackburn, Kate G. (2019): Heroes or health victims? Exploring how the elite media frames veterans on Veterans Day. In: Health Communication, 34: 4, 371–382. Rhidenour, Kayla B./Barrett, Ashley K./Blackburn, Kate G. (2019): Heroes or health victims? Exploring how the elite media frames veterans on Veterans Day. In: Health Communication, 34: 4, 371–382.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson, Piers/Goddard, Peter/Parry, Katy/Murray, Craig/Taylor, Philip M. (2010): Pockets of resistance. British news media, war and theory in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Mancheste/New York: Manchester University Press. Robinson, Piers/Goddard, Peter/Parry, Katy/Murray, Craig/Taylor, Philip M. (2010): Pockets of resistance. British news media, war and theory in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Mancheste/New York: Manchester University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Roering, Johanna (2007): Saddam fired Scuds at me: US-amerikanische Milblogs aus dem Irakkrieg. In: kommunikation@gesellschaft, 8, Beitrag 8, 1–20. Roering, Johanna (2007): Saddam fired Scuds at me: US-amerikanische Milblogs aus dem Irakkrieg. In: kommunikation@gesellschaft, 8, Beitrag 8, 1–20.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosman, Elisheva/Israeli, Zipi (2015): From ‘Rambo’ to ‘sitting ducks’ and back again: the Israeli soldier in the media. In: Israel Affairs, 21: 1, 112–130. Rosman, Elisheva/Israeli, Zipi (2015): From ‘Rambo’ to ‘sitting ducks’ and back again: the Israeli soldier in the media. In: Israel Affairs, 21: 1, 112–130.
Zurück zum Zitat Rukavishnikov, Vladimir O./Pugh, Michael (2003): Civil-Military Relations. In: Caforio (2003): 131–149. Rukavishnikov, Vladimir O./Pugh, Michael (2003): Civil-Military Relations. In: Caforio (2003): 131–149.
Zurück zum Zitat Safdar, Aasima/Budiman, Adrian M./Hamid, Norsiah Abdul (2014): Media Conformity to Foreign Policy: Coverage of War On Terror by The British Press. In: Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 51: 1, 1–22. Safdar, Aasima/Budiman, Adrian M./Hamid, Norsiah Abdul (2014): Media Conformity to Foreign Policy: Coverage of War On Terror by The British Press. In: Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 51: 1, 1–22.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaffer, Lindsay (2019): Recovery of the Soldier and the Necropolitics of Peace in Descendants of the Sun. In: Journal of Popular Film and Television, 47: 1, 48–55. Schaffer, Lindsay (2019): Recovery of the Soldier and the Necropolitics of Peace in Descendants of the Sun. In: Journal of Popular Film and Television, 47: 1, 48–55.
Zurück zum Zitat Schindelbeck, Dirk (1996): Propaganda mit Gummiballons und Pappraketen. Deutsch-deutscher Flugblattkrieg nach dem Bau der Mauer. In: Diesener/Gries (1996): 213–234. Schindelbeck, Dirk (1996): Propaganda mit Gummiballons und Pappraketen. Deutsch-deutscher Flugblattkrieg nach dem Bau der Mauer. In: Diesener/Gries (1996): 213–234.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt, Hans (2020): “Hero-Worship” or “Manipulative and Oversimplifying”: How America’s Current and Former Military Service Members Perceive Military-Related News Reporting. In: Journal of Veterans Studies, 6: 1, 13–24. Schmidt, Hans (2020): “Hero-Worship” or “Manipulative and Oversimplifying”: How America’s Current and Former Military Service Members Perceive Military-Related News Reporting. In: Journal of Veterans Studies, 6: 1, 13–24.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulzke, Marcus (2017a): Military videogames and the future of ideological warfare. In: The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 19: 3, 609–626. Schulzke, Marcus (2017a): Military videogames and the future of ideological warfare. In: The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 19: 3, 609–626.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulzke, Marcus (2017b): Interpreting and Reinterpreting the Political Significance of Popular Media: The Importance of Seeing from a Range of Perspectives. In: Political Studies, 65: 4: 930–946. Schulzke, Marcus (2017b): Interpreting and Reinterpreting the Political Significance of Popular Media: The Importance of Seeing from a Range of Perspectives. In: Political Studies, 65: 4: 930–946.
Zurück zum Zitat Schumm, Walter R./Bell, D. Bruce/Ender, Morton G./Rice, Rose E. (2004): Expectations, Use, and Evaluation of Communication Media among Deployed Peacekeepers. In: Armed Forces & Society, 30: 4, 649–662. Schumm, Walter R./Bell, D. Bruce/Ender, Morton G./Rice, Rose E. (2004): Expectations, Use, and Evaluation of Communication Media among Deployed Peacekeepers. In: Armed Forces & Society, 30: 4, 649–662.
Zurück zum Zitat Setzekorn, Eric (2019): China’s Pundits in Uniform: Military Officers and Guiding Public Opinion. In: Journal of Political & Military Sociology, 46: 2, 343–361. Setzekorn, Eric (2019): China’s Pundits in Uniform: Military Officers and Guiding Public Opinion. In: Journal of Political & Military Sociology, 46: 2, 343–361.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaikh, Riaz Ahmed (2011): Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: Politicians, the Military and Media Debating the Country’s National Interests. In: Malešič/Kümmel (2011): 211–219. Shaikh, Riaz Ahmed (2011): Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: Politicians, the Military and Media Debating the Country’s National Interests. In: Malešič/Kümmel (2011): 211–219.
Zurück zum Zitat Shields, Patricia M. (2020): Dynamic Intersection of Military and Society. In: Sookermany (2020): 1–23. Shields, Patricia M. (2020): Dynamic Intersection of Military and Society. In: Sookermany (2020): 1–23.
Zurück zum Zitat Shim, David/Stengel, Frank A. (2017): Social media, gender and the mediatization of war: exploring the German armed forces’ visual representation of the Afghanistan operation on Facebook. In: Global Discourse, 7: 2–3, 330–347. Shim, David/Stengel, Frank A. (2017): Social media, gender and the mediatization of war: exploring the German armed forces’ visual representation of the Afghanistan operation on Facebook. In: Global Discourse, 7: 2–3, 330–347.
Zurück zum Zitat Shyles, Leonard/Hocking, John E. (1990): The Army’s ‘Be All You Can Be’ Campaign. In: Armed Forces & Society, 16: 3, 369–383. Shyles, Leonard/Hocking, John E. (1990): The Army’s ‘Be All You Can Be’ Campaign. In: Armed Forces & Society, 16: 3, 369–383.
Zurück zum Zitat Sieca-Kozlowski, Elisabeth (2009): From controlling military information to controlling society: the political interests involved in the transformation of the military media under Putin. In: Small Wars & Insurgencies, 20: 2, 300–318. Sieca-Kozlowski, Elisabeth (2009): From controlling military information to controlling society: the political interests involved in the transformation of the military media under Putin. In: Small Wars & Insurgencies, 20: 2, 300–318.
Zurück zum Zitat Silvestri, Lisa E. (2015): Always on Duty: Managing U.S. Marines on Social Media. In: Parcell/Webb (2015): 275–294. Silvestri, Lisa E. (2015): Always on Duty: Managing U.S. Marines on Social Media. In: Parcell/Webb (2015): 275–294.
Zurück zum Zitat Słomczyński, Kazimierz M./Shabad, Goldie (2010): Public Support for Military Actions against Terrorism: The Effects of Age, Generations, and Political Orientations. In: Polish Sociological Review, 2, 171–190. Słomczyński, Kazimierz M./Shabad, Goldie (2010): Public Support for Military Actions against Terrorism: The Effects of Age, Generations, and Political Orientations. In: Polish Sociological Review, 2, 171–190.
Zurück zum Zitat Smit, Rik/Heinrich, Ansgard/Broersma, Marcel (2015): Witnessing in the new memory ecology: Memory construction of the Syrian conflict on YouTube. In: New Media & Society, 19: 2, 289–307. Smit, Rik/Heinrich, Ansgard/Broersma, Marcel (2015): Witnessing in the new memory ecology: Memory construction of the Syrian conflict on YouTube. In: New Media & Society, 19: 2, 289–307.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith, Christina M./McDonald, Kelly M. (2011): The Mundane to the Memorial: Circulating and Deliberating the War in Iraq Through Vernacular Soldier-Produced Videos. In: Critical Studies in Media Communication, 28: 4, 292–313. Smith, Christina M./McDonald, Kelly M. (2011): The Mundane to the Memorial: Circulating and Deliberating the War in Iraq Through Vernacular Soldier-Produced Videos. In: Critical Studies in Media Communication, 28: 4, 292–313.
Zurück zum Zitat Smyth, Daniel (2013): Avoiding Bloodshed? US Journalists and Censorship in Wartime. In: War & Society, 32: 1, 64–94. Smyth, Daniel (2013): Avoiding Bloodshed? US Journalists and Censorship in Wartime. In: War & Society, 32: 1, 64–94.
Zurück zum Zitat Sookermany, Anders McD (Hrsg.) (2020): Handbook of Military Sciences. Cham: Springer. Sookermany, Anders McD (Hrsg.) (2020): Handbook of Military Sciences. Cham: Springer.
Zurück zum Zitat Soroka, Stuart/Loewen, Peter/Fournier, Patrick/Rubenson, Daniel (2016): The Impact of News Photos on Support for Military Action. In: Political Communication, 33: 4, 1˗20. Soroka, Stuart/Loewen, Peter/Fournier, Patrick/Rubenson, Daniel (2016): The Impact of News Photos on Support for Military Action. In: Political Communication, 33: 4, 1˗20.
Zurück zum Zitat Speer, Isaac (2017): Reframing the Iraq War: Official Sources, Dramatic Events, and Changes in Media Framing. In: Journal of Communication 67: 2, 282–302. Speer, Isaac (2017): Reframing the Iraq War: Official Sources, Dramatic Events, and Changes in Media Framing. In: Journal of Communication 67: 2, 282–302.
Zurück zum Zitat Stahl, Roger (2015): Media and the Military. The Full Spectrum? In: Parcell/Webb (2015): 161–177. Stahl, Roger (2015): Media and the Military. The Full Spectrum? In: Parcell/Webb (2015): 161–177.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein, Rebecca L. (2017): GoPro Occupation. Networked Cameras, Israeli Military Rule, and the Digital Promise. In: Current Anthropology, 58, Supplement 15, 56–64. Stein, Rebecca L. (2017): GoPro Occupation. Networked Cameras, Israeli Military Rule, and the Digital Promise. In: Current Anthropology, 58, Supplement 15, 56–64.
Zurück zum Zitat Stern, Nehemia/Shalom, Uzi Ben (2021): Confessions and Tweets: Social Media and Everyday Experiences in the Israel Defense Forces, In: Armed Forces & Society, 47: 2, 343–366. Stern, Nehemia/Shalom, Uzi Ben (2021): Confessions and Tweets: Social Media and Everyday Experiences in the Israel Defense Forces, In: Armed Forces & Society, 47: 2, 343–366.
Zurück zum Zitat Theiler, Olaf (2009): Die Eigendarstellung staatlicher Sicherheitsakteure in den Medien. Das Beispiel der Bundeswehr. In: Jäger/Viehrig (2009): 25–34. Theiler, Olaf (2009): Die Eigendarstellung staatlicher Sicherheitsakteure in den Medien. Das Beispiel der Bundeswehr. In: Jäger/Viehrig (2009): 25–34.
Zurück zum Zitat Thiele, Martina/Thomas, Tanja/Virchow, Fabian (Hrsg.) (2010): Medien – Krieg – Geschlecht. Affirmationen und Irritationen sozialer Ordnungen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Thiele, Martina/Thomas, Tanja/Virchow, Fabian (Hrsg.) (2010): Medien – Krieg – Geschlecht. Affirmationen und Irritationen sozialer Ordnungen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas, Tanja (Hrsg.) (2008): Medienkultur und soziales Handeln. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Thomas, Tanja (Hrsg.) (2008): Medienkultur und soziales Handeln. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Zurück zum Zitat Tumber, Howard/Palmer, Jerry (2004): Media at War The Iraq Crisis. London/Thousand Oaks: Sage.CrossRef Tumber, Howard/Palmer, Jerry (2004): Media at War The Iraq Crisis. London/Thousand Oaks: Sage.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Usbeck, Frank (2019): Ceremonial Storytelling. Ritual and Narrative in Post 9/11 US Wars. Berlin/New York: Peter Lang. Usbeck, Frank (2019): Ceremonial Storytelling. Ritual and Narrative in Post 9/11 US Wars. Berlin/New York: Peter Lang.
Zurück zum Zitat Vavrus, Mary Douglas (2013): Lifetime’s Army Wives, or I Married the Media-Military-Industrial Complex. In: Women’s Studies in Communication, 36: 1, 92–112. Vavrus, Mary Douglas (2013): Lifetime’s Army Wives, or I Married the Media-Military-Industrial Complex. In: Women’s Studies in Communication, 36: 1, 92–112.
Zurück zum Zitat Virchow, Fabian (2007): Das Militär als Deutungsinstanz. Medienapparat und Medienpolitik der Bundeswehr in aktuellen Konflikten. In: Korte/Tonn (2007): 93–112. Virchow, Fabian (2007): Das Militär als Deutungsinstanz. Medienapparat und Medienpolitik der Bundeswehr in aktuellen Konflikten. In: Korte/Tonn (2007): 93–112.
Zurück zum Zitat Virchow, Fabian (2010): Militär und Medien. In: Apelt (2010): 107–135. Virchow, Fabian (2010): Militär und Medien. In: Apelt (2010): 107–135.
Zurück zum Zitat Virchow, Fabian (2012): Militär und Medien. In: Leonhard/Werkner (2012): 200–219. Virchow, Fabian (2012): Militär und Medien. In: Leonhard/Werkner (2012): 200–219.
Zurück zum Zitat Virchow, Fabian/Thomas, Tanja (2010): ‘Cyberspace Battleground’. Kriegsvideos auf YouTube. In: Glunz/Schneider (2010): 107–124. Virchow, Fabian/Thomas, Tanja (2010): ‘Cyberspace Battleground’. Kriegsvideos auf YouTube. In: Glunz/Schneider (2010): 107–124.
Zurück zum Zitat Vogel, Friedemann (2014): Die Zukunft im Visier. Die mediale Selbstinszenierung der Bundeswehr gegenüber Jugendlichen aus der Perspektive engagierter Diskurslinguistik. In: Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 62: 2, 190–215. Vogel, Friedemann (2014): Die Zukunft im Visier. Die mediale Selbstinszenierung der Bundeswehr gegenüber Jugendlichen aus der Perspektive engagierter Diskurslinguistik. In: Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 62: 2, 190–215.
Zurück zum Zitat Way, Lyndon C.S. (2013): Discourses of popular politics, war and authenticity in Turkish pop music. In: Social Semiotics, 23: 5, 715–734. Way, Lyndon C.S. (2013): Discourses of popular politics, war and authenticity in Turkish pop music. In: Social Semiotics, 23: 5, 715–734.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiegand, Krista E./Paletz, David L. (2001): The Elite Media and the Military-Civilian Culture Gap. In: Armed Forces & Society, 27: 2, 183–204. Wiegand, Krista E./Paletz, David L. (2001): The Elite Media and the Military-Civilian Culture Gap. In: Armed Forces & Society, 27: 2, 183–204.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilke, Boris (2001): State-Formation and the Military in Pakistan. IPW-Working Paper 2/2001. Hamburg: Universität Hamburg. Wilke, Boris (2001): State-Formation and the Military in Pakistan. IPW-Working Paper 2/2001. Hamburg: Universität Hamburg.
Zurück zum Zitat Wills, Deborah/Steuter, Erin (2009): The soldier as hunter: pursuit, prey and display in the War on Terror. In: Journal of War & Culture Studies, 2: 2, 195–210. Wills, Deborah/Steuter, Erin (2009): The soldier as hunter: pursuit, prey and display in the War on Terror. In: Journal of War & Culture Studies, 2: 2, 195–210.
Zurück zum Zitat Winkler, Carol/El-Damanhoury, Kareem/Dicker, Aaron/Luu, Yennhi/Kaczkowski, Wojciech/El-Karhili, Nagham (2020): Considering the military-media nexus from the perspective of competing groups: the case of ISIS and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. In: Dyamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 13: 1, 3–23. Winkler, Carol/El-Damanhoury, Kareem/Dicker, Aaron/Luu, Yennhi/Kaczkowski, Wojciech/El-Karhili, Nagham (2020): Considering the military-media nexus from the perspective of competing groups: the case of ISIS and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. In: Dyamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 13: 1, 3–23.
Zurück zum Zitat Winter, James P. (1991): Truth as the First Casualty: Mainstream Media Portrayal of the Gulf War. In: The Electronic Journal of Communication, 2: 1, 1–35. Winter, James P. (1991): Truth as the First Casualty: Mainstream Media Portrayal of the Gulf War. In: The Electronic Journal of Communication, 2: 1, 1–35.
Zurück zum Zitat Woodward, Rachel/Winter, Trish/Jenkings, K. Neil (2009): Heroic anxieties: the figure of the British soldier in contemporary print media, In: Journal of War & Culture Studies, 2: 2, 211–223. Woodward, Rachel/Winter, Trish/Jenkings, K. Neil (2009): Heroic anxieties: the figure of the British soldier in contemporary print media, In: Journal of War & Culture Studies, 2: 2, 211–223.
Zurück zum Zitat Wunsch Gaarmann, Margit Viola (2015): The War in Our Backyard: the Bosnia and Kosovo War through the Lens of the German Print Media. Berlin: Neofelis. Wunsch Gaarmann, Margit Viola (2015): The War in Our Backyard: the Bosnia and Kosovo War through the Lens of the German Print Media. Berlin: Neofelis.
Zurück zum Zitat Wuthrich, F. Michael (2010): Commercial Media, the Military, and Society in Turkey during Failed and Successful Interventions. In: Turkish Studies, 11: 2, 217–234. Wuthrich, F. Michael (2010): Commercial Media, the Military, and Society in Turkey during Failed and Successful Interventions. In: Turkish Studies, 11: 2, 217–234.
Zurück zum Zitat Yarwood, Richard (2015): Miniaturisation and the representation of military geographies in recreational wargaming. In: Social & Cultural Geography, 16: 6, 654–674. Yarwood, Richard (2015): Miniaturisation and the representation of military geographies in recreational wargaming. In: Social & Cultural Geography, 16: 6, 654–674.
Metadaten
Titel
Militär und Medien
verfasst von
Fabian Virchow
Copyright-Jahr
2023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30184-2_12