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Erschienen in:
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2005 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Mining of Coastal Materials

verfasst von : W. R. Osterkamp, R. A. Morton

Erschienen in: Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

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Excerpt

Mining is the process of extracting rock and mineral material from near-surface sources of the earth. It may include small, local borrow pits with no supporting infrastructure or large-scale operations with permanent facilities for removing, loading, and transporting the resource. Considering only coastal areas, those adjacent to the shoreline and extending seaward through the breaker (surf) zone (U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center, 1966) and landward through the highest surfaces subject to modern processes of wave alteration, the area represented (based on estimates by Kuenen, 1950) is a little less than 1% of the global surface. The coastal zone, as used here, includes all parts of barrier islands, lagoons, tidal flats, and mangrove swamps, but does not include embayments and fiords, permanently exposed parts of deltas, lands bordering estuaries (such as the Bay of Fundy), and other inland tide-influenced areas. …

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Vorheriges Kapitel Middle America, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Nächstes Kapitel Modeling Platforms, Terraces, and Coastal Evolution
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Metadaten
Titel
Mining of Coastal Materials
verfasst von
W. R. Osterkamp
R. A. Morton
Copyright-Jahr
2005
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Buch
Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1903-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4020-3880-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2005

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_215