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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Mitigating the Great Inversion: The Problems of Affordability and Displacement

verfasst von : Stephanie Meeks, Kevin C. Murphy

Erschienen in: The Past and Future City

Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics

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Abstract

As we have seen, preservation can save important places, enhance neighborhoods, and turn historic resources into community anchors that accommodate the ever-changing needs of society—from food markets to clothing stores to cultural centers. A central argument of this book is that cities and neighborhoods that want to see more residents, jobs, and investment would do well to take a page from the Preservation Green Lab’s research and work to reemploy their older building fabric to jump-start urban revitalization. We are seeing it happen over and over again—in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Detroit, and all across the country.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Our Diverse History: Toward More Inclusive History and Communities

Nächstes Kapitel The Greenest Buildings: Preservation, Climate Change, and the Environment

Alan Ehrenhalt, The Great Inversion and the Future of the American City (New York: Knopf, 2012), 233. Tom Slater, “A Literal Necessity to Be Re-Placed: A Rejoinder to the Gentrification Debate,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32, no. 1 (March 2008): 212–23, http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/tslater/evictionrejoinder.pdf.

Michael Kimmelman, “The Climax in a Tale of Green and Gritty,” New York Times, September 19, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/20/arts/design/the-high-line-opens-its-third-and-final-phase.html. Paul Gold-berger, “Miracle Above Manhattan,” National Geographic, April 2011, http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/04/ny-high-line/goldberger-text.

Goldberger, “Miracle Above Manhattan.”

Ibid. Michael Bourne, “The High Line: New York’s Monument to Gentrification,” Millions, June 29, 2012, http://www.themillions.com/2012/06/the-high-line-new-yorks-monument-to-gentrification.html. Carl T. Hyden and Theodore F. Sheckels, Public Places: Sites of Political Communication (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016), 159–60.

Goldberger, “Miracle Above Manhattan.” Bourne, “The High Line.” Hyden and Sheckels, Public Places. Kimmelman, “The Climax in a Tale.”

Eric Jaffe, “How Parks Gentrify Neighborhoods, and How to Stop It,” Fast Company, October 15, 2014, http://www.fastcodesign.com/3037135/evidence/how-parks-gentrify-neighborhoods-and-how-to-stop-it. Bourne, “The High Line.” Jeremiah Moss, “Disney World on the Hudson,” New York Times, August 22, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/22/opinion/in-the-shadows-of-the-high-line.html. Charles Montgomery, Happy City: Transforming Our Lives through Urban Design (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013), 245.

Jeremiah Moss, Jeremiah’s Vanishing New York, http://vanishingnewyork.blogspot.com/.

Ibid. Max Page and Timothy Mennel, Reconsidering Jane Jacobs (Chicago: American Planning Association, 2011), 3–5. Anthony Flint, Wrestling with Moses: How Jane Jacobs Took on New York’s Master Builder and Transformed the American City (New York: Random House, 2009), 191. Tim Wu, “Why Are There So Many Shuttered Storefronts in the West Village?,” New Yorker, May 24, 2015, http://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/why-are-there-so-many-shuttered-storefronts-in-the-west-village. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 1961), 282. Jeremiah Moss, “More Jane, Less Marc,” Jeremiah’s Vanishing New York, October 16, 2009, http://vanishingnewyork.blogspot.com/2009/10/more-jane-less-marc.html.

Tracy Elsen, “San Francisco’s Median Rent Hits Yet Another New High,” Curbed, September 3, 2015, http://sf.curbed.com/archives/2015/09/03/san_franciscos_median_rent_hits_yet_another_new_high.php. Abigail Sindzinski, “Why Homes in Major U.S. Cities Are Almost Impossible to Afford,” Curbed, January 27, 2016, http://curbed.com/archives/2016/01/27/buying-homes-major-cities-unaffordable-new-york-san-francisco-la.php. Richard Florida, “The Complicated Link between Gentrification and Displacement,” Citylab, September 18, 2015, http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/09/the-complicated-link-between-gentrification-and-displacement/404161/.

Sindzinski, “Why Homes in Major U.S. Cities.”

Alex Proud, “‘Cool’ London Is Dead, and the Rich Kids Are to Blame,” Telegraph, April 7, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/10744997/Cool-London-is-dead-and-the-rich-kids-are-to-blame.html.

John Buntin, “The Myth of Gentrification,” Slate, January 14, 2015, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/01/the_gentrification_myth_it_s_rare_and_not_as_bad_for_the_poor_as_people.html.

Ibid. Florida, “The Complicated Link.”

Ehrenhalt, The Great Inversion, 234. Florida, “The Complicated Link.”

Tracy Elsen, “San Francisco’s Median Rent Hits Yet Another New High,” December 13, 2015, http://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/its-not-just-poor-who-cant-make-rent-n478501. Jordan Weissman, “An Occasion to Weep about the Cost of Rent,” Slate, January 28, 2016, http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2016/01/28/u_s_rents_hit_20_year_high.html. Martha White, “It’s Not Just the Poor Who Can’t Make Rent,” NBC News, December 13, 2015, http://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/its-not-just-poor-who-cant-make-rent-n478501. Sindzinski, “Why Homes in Major U.S. Cities.”

Jeremiah Moss, “On Spike Lee & Hyper-Gentrification, the Monster That Ate New York,” Jeremiah’s Vanishing New York, March 3, 2014, http://vanishingnewyork.blogspot.com/2014/03/on-spike-lee-hyper-gentrification.html.

Ned Kaufman, Race, Place, and Story: Essays on the Past and Future of Historic Preservation (New York: Routledge, 2009), 320.

Ehrenhalt, The Great Inversion, 3–4, 232–33.

Ibid. Centers for Disease Control, “Health Effects of Gentrification,” http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/healthtopics/gentrification.htm.

Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The Case for Reparations,” Atlantic, June 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/. Alexis Madrigal, “The Racist Housing Policy That Made Your Neighborhood,” Atlantic, May 22, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/05/the-racist-housing-policy-that-made-your-neighborhood/371439/.

Madrigal, “The Racist Housing Policy.” Raymond Mohl, “The Interstates and the Cities: Highways, Housing, and the Freeway Revolt,” Poverty and Race Research Action Council, 2002, http://www.prrac.org/pdf/mohl.pdf.

James A. Clapp, The City: A Dictionary of Quotable Thoughts on Cities and Urban Life (New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1984), 204–5. Nikole Hannah-Jones, “Living Apart: How the Government Betrayed a Landmark Civil Rights Law,” ProPublica, June 25, 2015, https://www.propublica.org/article/living-apart-how-the-government-betrayed-a-landmark-civil-rights-law.

Kaufman, Race, Place, and Story, 320.

Sarah Goodyear, “Gentrification Backlash Has Inspired Its Own Backlash,” CityLab, October 1, 2015, http://www.citylab.com/politics/2015/10/gentrification-backlash-has-inspired-its-own-backlash/408388/.

Ibid. Joe Coscarelli, “Spike Lee’s Amazing Rant about Gentrification,” New York Magazine, February 25, 2014, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/02/spike-lee-amazing-rant-against-gentrification.html. Moss, “On Spike Lee & Hyper-Gentrification.” Timothy Williams, “An Old Sound in Harlem Draws New Neighbors’ Ire,” New York Times, July 6, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/06/nyregion/06drummers.html?_r=0.

David Schultz, “On H Street, Gentrification Not as Simple as Black and White,” March 2, 2012, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/on-h-street-gentrification-not-as-simple-as-black-and-white/2012/03/02/gIQAwRsBvR_story.html. Andrea Swalec, “Racial Profiling Is Worse after H Street Development, Locals Tell Police Chief,” HillNow, December 12, 2014, https://www.hillnow.com/2014/12/12/police-chief-fields-racial-profiling-questions-near-h-street-ne/.

Coscarelli, “Spike Lee’s Amazing Rant about Gentrification.”

Sarah Laskow, “The Quiet, Massive Rezoning of New York,” Politico, February 24, 2014, http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2014/02/8540743/quiet-massive-rezoning-new-york?page=all.

Kaufman, Race, Place, and Story, 327.

Yanan Wang, “D.C.’s Chinatown Has Only 300 Residents Left, and They’re Fighting to Stay,” Washington Post, July 16, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/dcs-chinatown-has-only-300-chinese-americans-left-and-fighting-to-stay/2015/07/16/86d54e84-2191-11e5-bf41-c23f5d3face1_story.html.

Rachel Reichard, “Oh, Gentrification: Latino Neighborhoods That Are Now Too Pricey,” Latina, October 21, 2015, http://www.latina.com/lifestyle/our-issues/gentrification-latino-neighborhoods#1. Nick Tabor, “How Has Chinatown Stayed Chinatown?” New York Magazine, September 24, 2015, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/09/how-has-chinatown-stayed-chinatown.html.

Edward Glaeser, Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier (New York: Penguin, 2011), 9. Ashley Pettus, “Rethinking New Orleans,” Harvard Magazine, January–February 2006, http://harvardmagazine.com/2006/01/rethinking-new-orleans.html.

Edward Glaeser, “Preservation Follies,” City Journal, Spring 2010, http://www.city-journal.org/html/preservation-follies-13279.html.

Ibid. Glaeser, Triumph of the City, 119.

Glaeser, Triumph of the City, 11, 147.

Flint, Wrestling with Moses, 113.

Joel Kotkin, “What Jane Jacobs Got Wrong about Cities,” Daily Beast, August 1, 2015, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/08/01/what-jane-jacobs-got-wrong-about-cities.html. Kriston Capps, “Why Historic Preservation Districts Should Be a Thing of the Past,” CityLab, January 29, 2016, http://www.citylab.com/housing/2016/01/why-historic-preservation-districts-should-be-a-thing-of-the-past/431598/.

J. Peter Byrne, “Historic Preservation and Its Cultured Despisers: Reflections on the Contemporary Role of Preservation Law in Urban Development,” Georgetown University Law Center, 2012, http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1786&context=facpub.

Amanda Kolson Hurley, “Will U.S. Cities Design Their Way Out of the Affordable Housing Crisis?” Next City, January 18, 2016, https://nextcity.org/features/view/cities-affordable-housing-design-solution-missing-middle.

Ibid.

Edward Glaeser, “How Skyscrapers Will Save the City,” Atlantic, March, 2011, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/03/how-skyscrapers-can-save-the-city/308387/. Snejana Farberov, “Immigrant Lives Frozen in Time: Never-Before-Seen Photos from Inside Manhattan’s Tenement Museum Shed Light on Lower East Side’s Notorious Turn-of-the-Century Slum,” Daily Mail, December 25, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2886995/Immigrant-lives-frozen-time-Never-seen-photos-inside-Manhattan-s-Tenement-Museum-shed-light-Lower-East-s-notorious-turn-century-slum.html. “Tenements,” History Channel, 2010, http://www.history.com/topics/tenements.

Richard Florida, “The Limits of Density,” CityLab, May 16, 2012, http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/05/limits-density/2005/.

Ibid. Sasaki Associates, “The State of the City Experience,” http://www.sasaki.com/media/files/cities_survey_final-1.pdf.

Laura Kusisto, “New Luxury Rental Projects Add to Rent Squeeze,” Wall Street Journal, May 20, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/new-luxury-rental-projects-add-to-rent-squeeze-1432114203. Alan Pyke, “America’s Housing Developers Are Almost Exclusively Building Luxury Units,” ThinkProgress, May 22, 2015, http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2015/05/22/3662239/luxury-housing-80-percent-developers/. David M. Levitt, “New York Construction Booms with Focus on Luxury Housing,” Bloomberg, April 30, 2015, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-30/new-york-construction-booms-with-focus-on-luxury-housing. Florida, “The Complicated Link.”

Josh Barro, “Affordable Housing That’s Very Costly,” New York Times, June 8, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/upshot/affordable-housing-thats-very-costly.html. Samuel Stein, “DeBlasio’s Doomed Housing Plan,” Jacobin, October 2014, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/10/de-blasios-doomed-housing-plan/.

Kaufman, Race, Place, and Story, 324.

Ibid.

India Rogers, “Banking on Vacancy: Groundbreaking Report from Picture the Homeless,” WhyHunger.Org, February 13, 2012, http://www.whyhunger.org/connect/item/2435-banking-on-vacancy-groundbreaking-report-from-picture-the-homeless.

Partnership for Working Families, “Los Angeles Sports and Entertainment District CBA,” http://www.forworkingfamilies.org/resources/staples-cba. Michael Neibauer, “Wal-Mart, D.C., Strike Community Benefits Deal,” Washington Post, November 22, 2011, http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/2011/11/wal-mart-dc-strike-community.html. Mike DeBonis, “Read Wal-Mart’s DC Community Benefits Deal,” Washington Post, November 22, 2011, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/mike-debonis/post/read-wal-marts-dc-community-benefits-deal/2011/11/22/gIQAfL6alN_blog.html.

Partnership for Working Families, “Los Angeles Sports and Entertainment District CBA.” Neibauer, “Wal-Mart, D.C., Strike Community Benefits Deal.” DeBonis, “Read Wal-Mart’s.”

“DC United, Southwest Residents Forge Community Benefits Agreement,” DC United, December 18, 2014, http://www.dcunited.com/post/2014/12/18/dc-united-southwest-residents-forge-community-benefits-agreement. Alexis Stephens, “Detroit Is Taking the Lead in the Community Benefits Movement,” Next City, March 10, 2015, https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/detroit-community-benefits-agreement.

Laura Flanders, “After 20-Year Fight, Bronx Community Wins Big on Development Project Committed to Living Wages and Local Economy,” YES Magazine, January 3, 2014, http://www.yesmagazine.org/commonomics/kingsbridge-armory-community-benefits-agreement.

Ibid.

Wu, “Why Are There So Many Shuttered Storefronts?”

Kate Rogers, “Small Businesses Push to Keep NYC from Becoming ‘Cement City,’” CNBC, March 12, 2015, http://www.nbcnews.com/business/consumer/small-businesses-push-keep-nyc-becoming-cement-city-n322156. Wu, “Why Are There So Many Shuttered Storefronts?” Elizabeth Miller, “Neighbors of Brooklyn Deli Fight Gentrification with Grass-Fed Tuna Salad,” NPR, June 19, 2015, http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/19/415006564/neighbors-of-brooklyn-deli-fight-gentrification-with-grass-fed-tuna-salad. Tatiana Schlossberg, “Bodegas Declining in Manhattan as Rents Rise and Chains Grow,” New York Times, August 4, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/nyregion/bodegas-declining-in-manhattan-as-rents-rise-and-chains-grow.html.

Christian González-Rivera, “State of the Chains 2015,” Center for an Urban Future, December 2015, https://nycfuture.org/research/publications/state-of-the-chains-2015. Lois Weiss, “Rent Skyrockets in Manhattan Retail Zones,” New York Post, May 18, 2015, http://nypost.com/2015/05/18/rent-skyrockets-in-manhattan-retail-zones/.

Marisa Lagos and J. K. Dineen, “Taking Care of Business in S.F.’s High-Turnover Climate,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 12, 2014, http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Taking-care-of-business-in-S-F-s-high-turnover-5818417.php.

San Francisco Heritage, “Legacy Business Registry and Preservation Fund,” http://www.sfheritage.org/legacy/legacy-business-registry-preservation-fund/. J. K. Dineen, “Is Prop J for Preservation, or a Slush Fund?,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 6, 2015, http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Is-Prop-J-for-preservation-or-a-slush-fund-6554711.php. Broke-Ass Stuart, “Voters Must Protect the City’s Legacy,” San Francisco Examiner, October 8, 2015, http://www.sfexaminer.com/voters-must-protect-the-citys-legacy/.

Dineen, “Is Prop J for Preservation?” Stuart, “Voters Must Protect.”

Take Back NYC, “About the Small Business Jobs Survival Act,” http://takebacknyc.nyc/. Peter Rugh, “The Battle to Save the Businesses That Make New York Unique,” Vice, August 17, 2015, http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/it-was-nice-knowing-you-new-york-253.

Tabor, “How Has Chinatown?”

Ibid.

Alana Semuels, “Affordable Housing, Always,” Atlantic, July 6, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/07/affordable-housing-always/397637/. National Community Land Trust Network, “FAQ,” http://cltnetwork.org/faq/. Jake Blumgart, “How Bernie Sanders Made Burlington Affordable,” Slate, January 19, 2016, http://www.slate.com/articles/business/metropolis/2016/01/bernie_sanders_made_burlington_s_land_trust_possible_it_s_still_an_innovative.html.

Jamiles Lartey, “Cooper Square Is Here to Stay,” Bedford and Bowery, January 1, 2015, http://bedfordandbowery.com/2015/01/cooper-square-is-here-to-stay-but-first-they-had-to-go-on-the-warpath/.

Rich Jacobus and Michael Brown, “City Hall Steps In,” National Housing Institute, Spring 2007, http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/149/cityhall.html. Blumgart, “How Bernie Sanders.”

Alexis Stephens, “Should Community Land Trusts Rank Higher in the Affordable Housing Toolbox?,” Next City, November 3, 2014, https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/should-community-land-trusts-be-higher-in-the-affordable-housing-toolbox.

Alexis Stephens, “D.C. Park Intends to Beat Gentrification Where Others Have Failed,” Next City, May 5, 2015, https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/washington-dc-park-11thstreet-park-neighborhood-gentrification. Neil Flanagan, “Can a Park Bridging the Anacostia Bring Investment without Displacing Residents?” Greater Greater Washington, June 26, 2015, http://greatergreaterwashington.org/post/27235/can-a-park-bridging-the-anacostia-bring-investment-without-displacing-residents/. Franklin Cater, “Washington D.C. Pitches New Bridge Park as a ‘Model for Social Equity,’” NPR, October 18, 2014, http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/10/17/357003103/washington-d-c-pitches-new-bridge-park-as-a-model-for-social-equity.

Cater, “Washington D.C. Pitches New Bridge Park.” 11th Street Bridge Park Project, “11th Street Bridge Park Equitable Development Plan,” November 5, 2015, https://indd.adobe.com/view/f22c1340-3bc2-4fff-94da-cde1395bef99.

11th Street Bridge Park, “Equitable Development Plan.”

Stephens, “D.C. Park.”

Titel: Mitigating the Great Inversion: The Problems of Affordability and Displacement
verfasst von: Stephanie Meeks
Kevin C. Murphy
Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Buch: The Past and Future City
Print ISBN: 978-1-61091-826-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-61091-709-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-709-4_7

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