3. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic Disorders

Mitochondria are the energy houses of cells. Cell functioning and stability are critical responsibilities of mitochondria. The other functioning of cells includes ATP production, intracellular calcium ion regulation, production of reactive oxygen species, radical scavenging property, regulation of the cell survival and death, and caspase family of protease stimulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be described as abnormality in functioning in addition to the production of reactive species. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to the development of metabolic syndromes such as obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Since the past, many studies have been done on morphology, physiology, and pharmacology of mitochondria involved in metabolic diseases. By adopting interventions that include lifestyle intervention, pharmacologic approaches, and the targeted-mitochondrial methodologies, the progression of metabolic disease decelerates. These approaches are involved in maintaining mitochondrial number and morphology, eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria, and reduce oxidative stress in metabolic disorders. The aim of the study is to illuminate the role of mitochondria in the metabolic disorder and sum up the process of the targeted mitochondrial molecule to treat metabolic syndrome.