6. Model Predictive Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis

Nowadays, a new concept of modern power systems (i.e., smart/micro-grids), which includes various components such as smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy sources (RESs), distributed generators (DGs), and controllable loads has increased attention worldwide due to its energy efficiency and environmental concerns. Such a modern system requires the employment of real-time application and intelligent control. To properly utilize the virtual inertia control regarding an intelligent ability in future predictions, the model predictive control (MPC) is necessary. The MPC has a fine performance in delivering fast dynamic response with robustness against disturbance and uncertainty, while keeping future control variables in account. Thus, it has been implemented in a wide range of industrial applications, including real-time measurement and control. In this chapter, the design of decentralized MPC-based virtual inertia control is introduced to emulate the suitable virtual inertia power, while predicting the future behavior or event regarding inertia control-based frequency regulation. The MPC controller applies a feedforward control technique to reject the disturbances from RES/DG and load penetration as well as system parameter uncertainty, ensuring rapid dynamic response with the robustness of system operation. The proposed MPC-based virtual inertia control is verified through a nonlinear control area system with high RESs/DGs penetration including the extended communication delay time.