Modelling Safe and Secure Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems

Automated Vehicles (AVs) are expected to help in significantly reducing traffic injuries and fatalities in the near future. However, to achieve this goal, they must be safe and secure. The recent news of the first fatal crash of AV including pedestrian confirm the urgent need of addressing AV safety and security issues to prevent such accidents from happening in the future. In order to outperform human drivers, AVs need to communicate with the other traffic participants, which makes them more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), which include vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, are expected to be launched in Europe next year. Thus, assuring their safety and security is crucial. This paper presents an approach, CESAM&SSM, for modelling safe and secure C-ITS using the CESAM method and the Six-Step Model. A combination of these two methods enables comprehensive analysis of C-ITS from operational, functional, constructional, safety, and security perspectives. The propose approach is compliant with three international standards: ISO 26262 – vehicle safety standard, SAE J3061 – vehicle cybersecurity standard, and ISO 21217 – intelligent transport system architecture standard.