Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B
Erschienen in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 1/2017

17.10.2016

Modern Aspects of Liquid Metal Engineering

verfasst von: Frank Czerwinski

Erschienen in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B | Ausgabe 1/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Liquid metal engineering (LME) refers to a variety of physical and/or chemical treatments of molten metals aimed at influencing their solidification characteristics. Although the fundamentals have been known for decades, only recent progress in understanding solidification mechanisms has renewed an interest in opportunities this technique creates for an improvement of castings. This review covers conventional and novel concepts of LME with their application to modern manufacturing techniques based not only on liquid but also on semisolid routes. The role of external forces applied to the melt combined with grain nucleation control is explained along with laboratory- and commercial-scale equipment designed for implementation of various concepts exploring mechanical, electromagnetic, and ultrasound principles. An influence of melt treatments on quality of the final product is considered through distinguishing between internal integrity of net shape components and the alloy microstructure. Recent global developments indicate that exploring the synergy of melt chemistry and physical treatments achieved through LME allows creating the optimum conditions for nucleation and growth during solidification, positively affecting quality of castings.
Vorheriger Artikel Novel Approach for Modeling of Nonuniform Slag Layers and Air Gap in Continuous Casting Mold
Nächster Artikel Effect of Primary Dendrite Orientation on Stray Grain Formation in Cross-Section Change Region During the Directional Solidification of Ni-Based Superalloy

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Literatur
1.
K.C. John: Metal Casting and Joining, PHI Learning, Delhi, India, 2015, pp. 3-13.
2.
F. Czerwinski: Magnesium Injection Molding, Springer, New York, NY, 2008, pp. 81-110.CrossRef
3.
E.J. Vinarcik: High Integrity Die Casting, Wiley, New York, NY, 2004, pp. 3-16.
4.
F. Czerwinski: Adv. Mater. Process., 2016, vol. 174 (9).
5.
I. Brodova, P. Popel, and G. Eskin: Liquid Metal Processing - Applications to Aluminum Alloy Production, Taylor & Francis, London, UK, 2002, p. 147.
6.
F. Czerwinski, R. Domodossola, G. Mariconda, and D. Smith: US Patent 7,694,715, April 13, 2010.
7.
D. Apelian, Q. Pan, and M. Findon: Die Cast. Eng., 2004, vol. 48, pp. 22-8.
8.
Z. Fan, S. Ji, and J. Zhang: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2001, vol. 17, pp. 837-42.CrossRef
9.
G. Yan, S. Zhao, S. Ma, and H. Shou: Mater. Charact., 2012, vol. 69, pp. 45-51.CrossRef
10.
F. Czerwinski: US Patent 7,699,092, April 20, 2010.
11.
W. Marten: Thermowell Failure at Sodium Components Test Investigation, US Atomic Energy Commission Technical Data Record, 1973, pp. 4–37.
12.
S. Moriya: Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Liquid Metal Engineering and Technology, Avignion, France, 1988.
13.
R. Hall: Nucl. Energ., 1985, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 145–9.
14.
15.
J. Dantzig and M. Rappaz: Solidification, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009, pp. 151-90.CrossRef
16.
B. Chalmers: Principles of Solidification, Wiley, London, UK, 1964.
17.
M.W.A. Volmer: Physikal. Chemie (Leipzig), 1925, vol. 119, p. 277.
18.
G. Sosso, J. Chen, S. Coox, M. Fitzner, P. Pedevilla, A. Zen, and A. Michaelides: Chem. Rev., 2016, vol. 116, pp. 7078-116.CrossRef
19.
T. Kawasaki and H. Tanaka: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2010, vol. 107, no. 32, pp. 14036-41.CrossRef
20.
T. Quested and A. Greer: Acta Mater., 2005, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 2683-92.CrossRef
21.
22.
C. Wang and C. Beckermann: Metall. Trans. A, 1993, vol. 24A, pp. 2787-802.CrossRef
23.
B. Levich and D. Spalding: The Inter. J. Phys. Chem. Hydrodynamics, 1981, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 237-357.
24.
J. Pilling and A. Hellawell: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 229-32.CrossRef
25.
K. Deagnevski, A. Mullins, D. Walker, and R. Cochrane: Acta Mater., 2002, vol. 50, pp. 3743-55.CrossRef
26.
N. Iqbal, N. Van Dijk, S. Offerman, M. Moret, L. Katgerman, and G. Kearly: Acta Mater., 2005, vol. 53, pp. 2875-80.CrossRef
27.
W. Burgmann, T. Gustsfson, and J. Davene: Metall. Res. Technol., 2014, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 119-28.CrossRef
28.
D. Neff: Modern Cast., 2002, vol. 5, pp. 1-4.
29.
R. Gottschalk: US Patent 3,159,478, 1 12 1964.
30.
P. Le Brun and A. Mathis: Light Metals, Ed. A.T. Tabereaux, TMS, Warrendale, 2004.
31.
R. Kendrick, G. Muneratti, S. Consoli, F. Voltazz, and S. Barison: Metall. Sci. Technol., 2012, vols. 30-2, pp. 3-11.
32.
R. Simon and P. Careil: Granular and Powder Fluxes for Aluminum Alloys, Cleaning Efficiency, Cost and Environmental Aspects, Foseco Foundry Practice, 2012, p. 247.
33.
S. Simmons: Aluminium Insight, 2016, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-2.
34.
35.
A. Pascual: China Foundry, 2009, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 358-65.
36.
37.
38.
J. Li, T. Momono, Y. Tayu, and Y. Fu: Mater. Lett., 2008, vol. 62, no. 25, pp. 4152-4.CrossRef
39.
N. Alba-Baena and D. Eskin: Light Metals 2013, B. Sadler ed., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2013.
40.
T. Meek, Q. Han, and H. Xu: Degassing of Aluminum Alloys Using Ultrasonic Vibration, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Report ORNL/TM-2006/61, 2006, pp. 9–34.
41.
V. Rundguist: US Patent Application 20150135901, May 21, 2015.
42.
H. Puga, J. Texeira, J. Barbosa, E. Seabra, S. Ribeiro, and M. Prokic: Mater. Lett., 2009, vol. 63, pp. 2089-92.CrossRef
43.
H. Puga, J. Barbosa, E. Seabra, S. Ribeiro, and M. Prokic: Mater. Lett., 2009, vol. 63, nos. 9-10, pp. 806-8.CrossRef
44.
H. Puga, J. Barbosa, N. Tuan, and F. Silva: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2014, vol. 24, pp. 3459-64.CrossRef
45.
V. Rundquist and K. Gill: US Patent Application 20111247456A1, October 13, 2011.
46.
47.
S. Bell, B. Davis, A. Javaid, and E. Essadiqi: Final Report on Refining Technologies of Aluminum, Natural Resources Canada, Report No. 2003-21(CF), Ottawa, 2003, pp. 2–12.
48.
I.A. Andrews and A.L. Matthews: Ductile Iron News, 1999, vol. 1, pp. 1-7.
49.
J. Hitchings: INCAST Magazine, 2012, vol. 05, pp. 24-7.
50.
51.
52.
M. Tucker and J. Tu: Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2012, pp. 1–7.
53.
A. Leonov and N. Dechko: Refract. Ind. Ceram., 1999, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 537-42.CrossRef
54.
Z. Taslicukur, C. Balaban, and N. Kuskonmaz: J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2007, vol. 27, nos. 2, 3, pp. 637–40.
55.
S. Bao: Ph.D. Dissertation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 2011.
56.
N. Sobczak, J. Sobczak, R. Asthana, and R. Purgert: China Foundry, 2010, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 425-37.
57.
E. Bagherian, M. Ariffin, and S. Sulaiman: Int. J. Pure Appl. Res. Eng. Technol., 2015, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 27–43.
58.
K. Janiszewski: Refining of Liquid Steel from Nonmetallic Inclusions by Filtration, Poland Slask Publisher, Katowice, 2012.
59.
B. Lipowska, J. Witek, T. Wala, A. Karwinski, P. Wieliczko, M. Aslamowicz, and A. Oscilowski: Archiv. Foundry Eng., 2014, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 61-6.
60.
H. Bali: WO Patent 2003020660 A1, March 13, 2003.
61.
K. Juma: US Patent 7,963,402, June 21, 2011.
62.
G. Eskin and D. Eskin: Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2015.
63.
D. Chernov: Zapiski Imperat. Russ. Technich. Obshch., 1879, vol. 1, pp. 1-24.
64.
65.
R. Whorlow: Rheological Techniques, E. Horwood, Chichester, 1980.
66.
D. Spencer, R. Mehrabian, and M. Flemings: Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 1925-32.CrossRef
67.
M. Hashimi: Comprehensive Materials Processing, vol. 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2014.
68.
C. Jin, C. Jang, and C. Kang: Metals, 2015, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 192-205.CrossRef
69.
M. Flemings, R. Riek, and K. Young: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1976, vol. 25, pp. 103-17.CrossRef
70.
S. Ji, Z. Fan, and M. Bevis: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2001, vol. A299, pp. 210-7.CrossRef
71.
D. Rosato, D. Rosato, and M. Rosato: Injection Molding Handbook, Kluwer, Norwell, MA, 2000.CrossRef
72.
V. Patel: Master Thesis, Ganpat University, India, 2014.
73.
A. Olufemi and I. Ademola: Int. J. Metall. Eng., 2012, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 40-3.
74.
M. Sauti, S. Sulamian, B. Baharudin, and M. Arifin: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2014, vols. 773-4, pp. 195-202.
75.
R. Kumar, M. Ansari, S. Mishra, and A. Kumar: Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., 2014, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 90-2.
76.
S. Mishra, S. Sahu, and V. Ray: Int. J. Technol. Res. Eng., 2015, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 131-4.
77.
Online document: Ultra-high shear mixing and deagglomeration—Mixing Technology Insight #175, www.​mixers.​com. Accessed 25 May 2016.
78.
M. De Luna and Dayrit: Proc. of The 3rd International Conference on Environmental Energy and Biotechnology, vol. 70, pp 69–73, Singapore, 2014.
79.
J. Zhang, S. Xu, and W. Li: Chem. Eng. Process., 2012, vol. 57, pp. 25-41.CrossRef
80.
A. Pacek, S. Hall, M. Cooke, and A. Kowalski: Emulsion Formation and Stability, T.F. Tadros, Ed., Wiley, Weinheim, 2013.
81.
J. Ross: US Patent 5,632,596, July 19, 1995.
82.
E. Bosch, K. Langdon, and D. Cohen: US Patent 6,241,472, June 5, 2001.
83.
F. Barailler, M. Heniche, and P. Tanguy: Chem. Eng. Sci., 2006, vol. 61, p. 2888.CrossRef
84.
L. Doucet, G. Ascanio, and P. Tanguy: Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 2005, vol. 83, p. 1186.CrossRef
85.
J. Tamminen and T. Koiranen: Can. J. Chem. Eng., 2015, vol. 93, pp. 2245-52.CrossRef
86.
Z. Fan, Y. Zuo, and B. Jiang: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2011, vol. 690, pp. 141-4.CrossRef
87.
X. Zhang, H. Teng, T. Li, S. Xie, and J. Jin: China Foundry, 2007, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 186-9.
88.
B. Sivak, V. Grachev, V. Parshin, A. Chertov, S. Zarubin, V. Fisenko, and A. Solovev: Metallurgist, 2009, vol. 53, nos. 7-8, pp. 469-81.CrossRef
89.
R. Khristinich, V. Timofeyev, V. Stafievskaya, and A. Nelenteyenko: Molten Metal Electromagnetic Stirring in Metallurgy, International Scientific Colloquium Modelling for Electromagnetic Processing, Hannover, 2003, pp. 29-34.
90.
C. Vives: J. Metall., 1998, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 1-8.
91.
C. Vives: WO Patent 1998030346 A1, July 16, 1998.
92.
H. Kim and C. Kang: Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2011, Article ID 232640, pp. 1–12.
93.
G. Zhu, J. Xu, Z. Zhang, Y. Bai, and L. Shi: Acta Metall. Sin., 2009, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 408-14.CrossRef
94.
I. Tzanakis, W. Xu, D. Eskin, P. Lee, and N. Kotsovinos: Ultrason. Sonochem., 2015, vol. 27, pp. 72-80.CrossRef
95.
Online document: Industrial Technology Program—Ultrasonic Processing of Materials Ultrasonic Processing of Materials, US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, http://​www1.​eere.​energy.​gov. Accessed May 30, 2016.
96.
W. Kong, D. Cang, and J. Song: Metall. Mater. Trans., 2011, vol. 9, pp. 1844-7.
97.
S. Gnapowski, Y. Tsunekawa, M. Okumiya, and K. Lenik: Arch. Foundry Eng., 2013, vol. 134, pp. 39-42.
98.
S. Jia and L. Nastac: Chem. Mater. Eng., 2013, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 69-73.
99.
100.
S. Hua, I. Xiang, H. Zhi, and Q. Xiao: J. Mater. Sci., 2011, vol. 46, pp. 3923-7.CrossRef
101.
Online document: A. O’Loughlin, Effect of Argon Stirring on Inclusion Flotation Using Porous Plug, Intelligent System Center Research Symposium Spring, Rolla, 2010, https://​isc.​mst.​edu/​. Accessed May 15, 2016.
102.
P. Waite: US Patent 6,056,803 A, December 24, 1997.
103.
B. Dolzenkov, V. Andreev, and V. Pimenov: US Patent 4,355,789, October 26, 1982.
104.
J. Perri: US Patent 4,836,433, June 6, 1989.
105.
J. Wannasin, R. Martinez, and M. Flemings: Scripta Mater., 2006, vol. 55, pp. 115-8.CrossRef
106.
J. Wannasin, R. Martinez, and M. Flemings: Solid State Phenom., 2006, vols. 116-7, pp. 366-9.CrossRef
107.
T. Chucheep, J. Wannasin, and S. Wisutmethagoon: Adv. Mater. Res., 2014, vols. 881-3, pp. 1592-6.CrossRef
108.
J. Xu, G. Wu, W. Liu, Y. Zhang, and W. Ding: J. Mag. Alloys, 2013, vol. 1, pp. 217-23.CrossRef
109.
K. Young, C. Kyonka, and J. Courtois: US Patent 4,415,374, 1983.
110.
J. Valle, M. Perez-Prado, and J. Bartolome: Metall. Mater. Trans., 2003, vol. 44, pp. 2625-30.
111.
Z. Ji, M. Hu, S. Sugiyama, and J. Yanagimoto: Mater. Charact., 2008, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 905-11.CrossRef
112.
F. Czerwinski and A. Zielinska-Lipiec: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 3319-32.CrossRef
113.
T. Chen, G. Lu, Y. Ma, D. Li, and Y. Hao: J. Alloys Compd., 2009, vol. 486, pp. 124-35.CrossRef
114.
L. Rogal, F. Czerwinski, L. Litynska-Dobrzynska, P. Bobrowski, A. Wierzbica-Miernik, and J. Dutkiewicz: Solid State Phenom., 2015, vols. 217-8, pp. 381-8.
115.
Y. Song, K. Park, and C. Hong: Metall. Mater. Trans., 2006, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1250-6.
116.
117.
118.
A. Luo: Int. J. Magnesium Alloys, 2013, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 2–22.
119.
W. Karem and K. Al-Raheem: Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2011, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 120-35.
120.
M. Kainth and D. Gupta: Int. J. Mech. Eng., 2015, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7-1.
121.
S. Changjiang, H. Qingyou, and Z. Qijie: China Foundry, 2009, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 93-103.
122.
L. Pio and W. Chin: Mater. Sci. Appl., 2012, vol. 3, pp. 713-8.
123.
K. Sigworth and T. Kuhn: Int. J. Metalcast., 2007, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31-40.CrossRef
124.
125.
J. Campbell: Solidification Technology in the Foundry and Cast House, Proceedings of an International Conference of the Applied Metallurgy & Metals Technology Group, Metals Society, London,1983.
126.
127.
D. Stefanescu: Science and Engineering of Casting Solidification, Springer, New York, NY, 2008.
128.
J. Ferguson, B. Schultz, K. Cho, and P. Rohatgi: Metals, 2014, vol. 4, pp. 477-89.CrossRef
129.
130.
131.
132.
Y. Wang, Z. Fan, and G. Thompson: Philos. Mag., 2011, vol. 91, no. 8, pp. 516-29.CrossRef
133.
Online document: EPA and NHTSA set Standards to Reduce Greenhouse Gases and Improve Fuel Economy for Model Years 2017–2025 Cars and Light Trucks, United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA-420-F-12-051, 2012, https://​www3.​epa.​gov. Accessed May 10, 2016.
134.
S. Shaha, F. Czerwinski, W. Kasprzak, J. Friedman, and D. Chen: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2015, vol. 46A, p. 3063.CrossRef
135.
S. Shaha, F. Czerwinski, W. Kasprzak, J. Friedman, and D. Chen: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2016, vol. 47A, pp. 2396-409.CrossRef
136.
S. Shaha, F. Czerwinski, W. Kasprzak, J. Friedman, and D. Chen: Mater. Des., 2015, vol. 83, pp. 801-12.
137.
S. Shaha, F. Czerwinski, W. Kasprzak, J. Friedman, and D. Chen: Int. J. Fatigue, 2016, vol. 87, pp. 456-70.CrossRef
138.
S. Shaha, F. Czerwinski, W. Kasprzak, J. Friedman, and D. Chen: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, vol. 652, pp. 353-64.CrossRef
139.
140.
F. Wang, D. Eskin, T. Connolley, and J. Mi: J. Cryst. Growth, 2016, vol. 435, pp. 24-30.CrossRef
141.
D. Zhang, H. Dong, and H. Atkinson: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2016, vol. 47, pp. 1-5.CrossRef
142.
F. Czerwinski and D. Kadak: US Patent 6,892,790, May 17, 2005.
143.
F. Czerwinski and D. Kadak: US Patent 7,469,738 B2, December 30, 2008.
144.
Kazakov: Adv. Mater. Process., 2000, vol. 3, pp. 31-4.
145.
L. Rogal, J. Dutkiewicz, H. Atkinson, L. Litynska-Dobrzynska, T. Czeppe, and M. Modigell: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, vol. 580A, pp. 362-73.CrossRef
146.
L. Rogal, J. Dutkiewicz, T. Czeppe, J. Bonarski, and B. Olszowska-Sobieraj: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2010, vol. 20, pp. S1033-6.CrossRef
147.
L. Rogal and J. Dutkiewicz: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2012, vol. 43A, no. 13, pp. 5009-18.CrossRef
148.
149.
150.
F. Czerwinski: US Patent 7,255,151, August 14, 2007.
151.
F. Czerwinski: US Patent 7,237,594, July 3, 2007.
152.
S. Wang, M. Zhao, Z. Ji, X. Li, Y. Wang, S. Sugiyama, and J. Yanagimoto: Chin. J. Nonferr. Metal., 2015, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1429-34.
153.
154.
155.
D. Apelian: Proceedings of the Army Sagamore Conference: Innovations in Materials Processing, Eds. G.A. Bruggeman and V. Weiss, Plenum Press, New York, 1983, pp. 247–72.
156.
S.T. Oktay, C.N. Chu, N. Saka, and N. Suh: J. Eng. Ind., 1989, vol. 111, pp. 70-8.CrossRef
157.
N. Suh, N. Tsuda, M. Moon, and N. Saka: J. Eng. Ind., 1982, vol. 104, no. 4, p. 332-8.CrossRef
158.
T. Miyazaki, D. Terada, and Y. Miyajima: J. Mater. Sci., 2011, vol. 46, pp. 4296-301.CrossRef
159.
Z. Swiatkowska-Warkocka, A. Pyatenko, F. Krok, B. Jany, and M. Marszalek: Sci. Rep., 2015, vol. 5, pp.1-6.CrossRef
160.
Q. Pan, S. Wiesner, and D. Apelian: Solid State Phenom., 2006, vols. 116-7, pp. 402-5.CrossRef
161.
K. Ranier, C. Kiyan, A. Costa, and A. Simoes: Mater. Res., 2012, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 144-50.CrossRef
162.
N. Barekar, S. Tzamtzis, N. Babu, Z. Fan, and B. Dhindaw: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2009, vol. 40, pp. 691-701.CrossRef
163.
F. Czerwinski: International Patent WO/2006/050599, May 18, 2006.
164.
X. Liu: Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 2013.
165.
L. Poovazhagan, K. Kalaichelvan, and T. Sornakumar: Mater. Manuf. Process., 2016, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1275-85.CrossRef
166.
A. Muley: Proceedings of 10th SARC-IRF International Conference, New Delhi, India, 2015, pp. 24–26.
167.
J. Banhart: J. Metall., 2000, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 22-7.
168.
D. Wang and Z. Shi: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, vol. 361A, p. 45.
169.
H. Liu, M. Xie, H. Liu, and D. Wang: Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 2013, vol. 33, pp. 195-201.
170.
A. Guner, M. Arikan, and M. Niebioglu: Metals, 2015, vol. 5, pp. 1553-65.CrossRef
171.
I. Kroupova, F. Radkovsky, P. Lichy, and V. Bednarova: Conference Proceedings of The International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials Metall, June 3–5, 2015, Brno, Czech Republic, 2015.
172.
P. Stevenson: Foam Engineering - Fundamentals and Applications, Chichester, Wiley, West Susex, UK, 2012.CrossRef
173.
A. Greer: Proceedings of the Solidification of Aluminum Alloys Symposium, TMS Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, March 14–18, 2004.
174.
F. Czerwinski, A. Zielinska-Lipiec, P. Pinet, and J. Overbeeke: Acta Mater., 2001, vol. 49, pp. 1225-35.CrossRef
175.
J. Frankland: Plast. Tech., 2011, vol. 8, pp. 1-4.
176.
Y. Furukawa and Y. Tsunekawa: US Patent 8,992,705 B2, March 31, 2015.
177.
S. Shaha, F. Czerwinski, W. Kasprzak, J. Friedman, and D. Chen: Thermochim. Acta, 2014, vol. 595, pp. 11-6.CrossRef
178.
179.
F. Czerwinski: Die Cast. Eng., 2014, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 28-31.
Metadaten
Titel
Modern Aspects of Liquid Metal Engineering
verfasst von
Frank Czerwinski
Publikationsdatum
17.10.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B / Ausgabe 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1073-5615
Elektronische ISSN: 1543-1916
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0807-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2017

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 1/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Symposium

A Dynamic Flux Dissolution Model for Oxygen Steelmaking

Technical Publication

Novel Approach for Modeling of Nonuniform Slag Layers and Air Gap in Continuous Casting Mold

OriginalPaper

Thermodynamics of Palladium (Pd) and Tantalum (Ta) Relevant to Secondary Copper Smelting

OriginalPaper

Three-Dimensional CFD Simulation Coupled with Thermal Contraction in Direct-Chill Casting of A390 Aluminum Alloy Hollow Billet

OriginalPaper

Oxidation Behavior of Molten Cu-Be Binary and Cu-Be-X (X = Ca or Zr) Ternary Alloys at 1423 K (1150 °C) Under Controlled Oxygen Partial Pressure

OriginalPaper

Modeling Manganese Silicate Inclusion Composition Changes during Ladle Treatment Using FactSage Macros

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise